1
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Rudajev V, Novotny J. Cholesterol-dependent amyloid β production: space for multifarious interactions between amyloid precursor protein, secretases, and cholesterol. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:171. [PMID: 37705117 PMCID: PMC10500844 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β is considered a key player in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Many studies investigating the effect of statins on lowering cholesterol suggest that there may be a link between cholesterol levels and AD pathology. Since cholesterol is one of the most abundant lipid molecules, especially in brain tissue, it affects most membrane-related processes, including the formation of the most dangerous form of amyloid β, Aβ42. The entire Aβ production system, which includes the amyloid precursor protein (APP), β-secretase, and the complex of γ-secretase, is highly dependent on membrane cholesterol content. Moreover, cholesterol can affect amyloidogenesis in many ways. Cholesterol influences the stability and activity of secretases, but also dictates their partitioning into specific cellular compartments and cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts, where the amyloidogenic machinery is predominantly localized. The most complicated relationships have been found in the interaction between cholesterol and APP, where cholesterol affects not only APP localization but also the precise character of APP dimerization and APP processing by γ-secretase, which is important for the production of Aβ of different lengths. In this review, we describe the intricate web of interdependence between cellular cholesterol levels, cholesterol membrane distribution, and cholesterol-dependent production of Aβ, the major player in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Rudajev
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Papadopoulos N, Suelves N, Perrin F, Vadukul DM, Vrancx C, Constantinescu SN, Kienlen-Campard P. Structural Determinant of β-Amyloid Formation: From Transmembrane Protein Dimerization to β-Amyloid Aggregates. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2753. [PMID: 36359274 PMCID: PMC9687742 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most neurodegenerative diseases have the characteristics of protein folding disorders, i.e., they cause lesions to appear in vulnerable regions of the nervous system, corresponding to protein aggregates that progressively spread through the neuronal network as the symptoms progress. Alzheimer's disease is one of these diseases. It is characterized by two types of lesions: neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of tau proteins and senile plaques, formed essentially of amyloid peptides (Aβ). A combination of factors ranging from genetic mutations to age-related changes in the cellular context converge in this disease to accelerate Aβ deposition. Over the last two decades, numerous studies have attempted to elucidate how structural determinants of its precursor (APP) modify Aβ production, and to understand the processes leading to the formation of different Aβ aggregates, e.g., fibrils and oligomers. The synthesis proposed in this review indicates that the same motifs can control APP function and Aβ production essentially by regulating membrane protein dimerization, and subsequently Aβ aggregation processes. The distinct properties of these motifs and the cellular context regulate the APP conformation to trigger the transition to the amyloid pathology. This concept is critical to better decipher the patterns switching APP protein conformation from physiological to pathological and improve our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the formation of amyloid fibrils that devastate neuronal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Papadopoulos
- SIGN Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, 1348 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nuria Suelves
- Aging and Dementia Research Group, Cellular and Molecular (CEMO) Division, Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florian Perrin
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Devkee M. Vadukul
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Céline Vrancx
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan N. Constantinescu
- SIGN Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, 1348 Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), 1300 Wavre, Belgium
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Pascal Kienlen-Campard
- Aging and Dementia Research Group, Cellular and Molecular (CEMO) Division, Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Rudajev V, Novotny J. Cholesterol as a key player in amyloid β-mediated toxicity in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:937056. [PMID: 36090253 PMCID: PMC9453481 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.937056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is one of the most devastating and widespread diseases worldwide, mainly affecting the aging population. One of the key factors contributing to AD-related neurotoxicity is the production and aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ). Many studies have shown the ability of Aβ to bind to the cell membrane and disrupt its structure, leading to cell death. Because amyloid damage affects different parts of the brain differently, it seems likely that not only Aβ but also the nature of the membrane interface with which the amyloid interacts, helps determine the final neurotoxic effect. Because cholesterol is the dominant component of the plasma membrane, it plays an important role in Aβ-induced toxicity. Elevated cholesterol levels and their regulation by statins have been shown to be important factors influencing the progression of neurodegeneration. However, data from many studies have shown that cholesterol has both neuroprotective and aggravating effects in relation to the development of AD. In this review, we attempt to summarize recent findings on the role of cholesterol in Aβ toxicity mediated by membrane binding in the pathogenesis of AD and to consider it in the broader context of the lipid composition of cell membranes.
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4
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Pfundstein G, Nikonenko AG, Sytnyk V. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid β (Aβ) interact with cell adhesion molecules: Implications in Alzheimer’s disease and normal physiology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:969547. [PMID: 35959488 PMCID: PMC9360506 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.969547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder in which dysfunction and loss of synapses and neurons lead to cognitive impairment and death. Accumulation and aggregation of neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides generated via amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) is considered to play a central role in the disease etiology. APP interacts with cell adhesion molecules, which influence the normal physiological functions of APP, its amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic processing, and formation of Aβ aggregates. These cell surface glycoproteins also mediate attachment of Aβ to the neuronal cell surface and induce intracellular signaling contributing to Aβ toxicity. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge surrounding the interactions of cell adhesion molecules with APP and Aβ and analyze the evidence of the critical role these proteins play in regulating the processing and physiological function of APP as well as Aβ toxicity. This is a necessary piece of the complex AD puzzle, which we should understand in order to develop safe and effective therapeutic interventions for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Pfundstein
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Vladimir Sytnyk,
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5
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Gabriele RMC, Abel E, Fox NC, Wray S, Arber C. Knockdown of Amyloid Precursor Protein: Biological Consequences and Clinical Opportunities. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:835645. [PMID: 35360155 PMCID: PMC8964081 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.835645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its cleavage fragment Amyloid-β (Aβ) have fundamental roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genetic alterations that either increase the overall dosage of APP or alter its processing to favour the generation of longer, more aggregation prone Aβ species, are directly causative of the disease. People living with one copy of APP are asymptomatic and reducing APP has been shown to lower the relative production of aggregation-prone Aβ species in vitro. For these reasons, reducing APP expression is an attractive approach for AD treatment and prevention. In this review, we will describe the structure and the known functions of APP and go on to discuss the biological consequences of APP knockdown and knockout in model systems. We highlight progress in therapeutic strategies to reverse AD pathology via reducing APP expression. We conclude that new technologies that reduce the dosage of APP expression may allow disease modification and slow clinical progression, delaying or even preventing onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. C. Gabriele
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Abel
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom,UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London (UCL), Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick C. Fox
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom,UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London (UCL), Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Selina Wray
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Arber
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Charles Arber,
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6
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Feringa FM, van der Kant R. Cholesterol and Alzheimer's Disease; From Risk Genes to Pathological Effects. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:690372. [PMID: 34248607 PMCID: PMC8264368 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.690372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While the central nervous system compromises 2% of our body weight, it harbors up to 25% of the body's cholesterol. Cholesterol levels in the brain are tightly regulated for physiological brain function, but mounting evidence indicates that excessive cholesterol accumulates in Alzheimer's disease (AD), where it may drive AD-associated pathological changes. This seems especially relevant for late-onset AD, as several of the major genetic risk factors are functionally associated with cholesterol metabolism. In this review we discuss the different systems that maintain brain cholesterol metabolism in the healthy brain, and how dysregulation of these processes can lead, or contribute to, Alzheimer's disease. We will also discuss how AD-risk genes might impact cholesterol metabolism and downstream AD pathology. Finally, we will address the major outstanding questions in the field and how recent technical advances in CRISPR/Cas9-gene editing and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-technology can aid to study these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke M. Feringa
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rik van der Kant
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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7
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Onodera W, Asahi T, Sawamura N. Rapid evolution of mammalian APLP1 as a synaptic adhesion molecule. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11305. [PMID: 34050225 PMCID: PMC8163877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) family members are involved in essential neuronal development including neurite outgrowth, neuronal migration and maturation of synapse and neuromuscular junction. Among the APP gene family members, amyloid precursor-like protein 1 (APLP1) is selectively expressed in neurons and has specialized functions during synaptogenesis. Although a potential role for APLP1 in neuronal evolution has been indicated, its precise evolutionary and functional contributions are unknown. This study shows the molecular evolution of the vertebrate APP family based on phylogenetic analysis, while contrasting the evolutionary differences within the APP family. Phylogenetic analysis showed 15 times higher substitution rate that is driven by positive selection at the stem branch of the mammalian APLP1, resulting in dissimilar protein sequences compared to APP/APLP2. Docking simulation identified one positively selected site in APLP1 that alters the heparin-binding site, which could affect its function, and dimerization rate. Furthermore, the evolutionary rate covariation between the mammalian APP family and synaptic adhesion molecules (SAMs) was confirmed, indicating that only APLP1 has evolved to gain synaptic adhesion property. Overall, our results suggest that the enhanced synaptogenesis property of APLP1 as one of the SAMs may have played a role in mammalian brain evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Onodera
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Toru Asahi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.,Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, #03C309, TWIns, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Naoya Sawamura
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, #03C309, TWIns, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan. .,Green Computing Systems Research Organization, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Japan.
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8
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Langness VF, van der Kant R, Das U, Wang L, Chaves RDS, Goldstein LSB. Cholesterol-lowering drugs reduce APP processing to Aβ by inducing APP dimerization. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 32:247-259. [PMID: 33296223 PMCID: PMC8098827 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-05-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a major component of amyloid plaques, which are a key pathological hallmark found in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. We show that statins are effective at reducing Aβ in human neurons from nondemented control subjects, as well as subjects with familial AD and sporadic AD. Aβ is derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) through sequential proteolytic cleavage by BACE1 and γ-secretase. While previous studies have shown that cholesterol metabolism regulates APP processing to Aβ, the mechanism is not well understood. We used iPSC-derived neurons and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays in transfected cells to elucidate how altering cholesterol metabolism influences APP processing. Altering cholesterol metabolism using statins decreased the generation of sAPPβ and increased levels of full-length APP (flAPP), indicative of reduced processing of APP by BACE1. We further show that statins decrease flAPP interaction with BACE1 and enhance APP dimerization. Additionally, statin-induced changes in APP dimerization and APP-BACE1 are dependent on cholesterol binding to APP. Our data indicate that statins reduce Aβ production by decreasing BACE1 interaction with flAPP and suggest that this process may be regulated through competition between APP dimerization and APP cholesterol binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa F Langness
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Rik van der Kant
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Utpal Das
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Louie Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Rodrigo Dos Santos Chaves
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Lawrence S B Goldstein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
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9
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Hutchison JM, Shih KC, Scheidt HA, Fantin SM, Parson KF, Pantelopulos GA, Harrington HR, Mittendorf KF, Qian S, Stein RA, Collier SE, Chambers MG, Katsaras J, Voehler MW, Ruotolo BT, Huster D, McFeeters RL, Straub JE, Nieh MP, Sanders CR. Bicelles Rich in both Sphingolipids and Cholesterol and Their Use in Studies of Membrane Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12715-12729. [PMID: 32575981 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
How the distinctive lipid composition of mammalian plasma membranes impacts membrane protein structure is largely unexplored, partly because of the dearth of isotropic model membrane systems that contain abundant sphingolipids and cholesterol. This gap is addressed by showing that sphingomyelin and cholesterol-rich (SCOR) lipid mixtures with phosphatidylcholine can be cosolubilized by n-dodecyl-β-melibioside to form bicelles. Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering, as well as cryo-electron microscopy, demonstrate that these assemblies are stable over a wide range of conditions and exhibit the bilayered-disc morphology of ideal bicelles even at low lipid-to-detergent mole ratios. SCOR bicelles are shown to be compatible with a wide array of experimental techniques, as applied to the transmembrane human amyloid precursor C99 protein in this medium. These studies reveal an equilibrium between low-order oligomer structures that differ significantly from previous experimental structures of C99, providing an example of how ordered membranes alter membrane protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Hutchison
- Chemical and Physical Biology Graduate Program and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville 37240, Tennessee, United States
| | - Kuo-Chih Shih
- Polymer Program, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, Connecticut, United States
| | - Holger A Scheidt
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig 16-18, 04107, Germany
| | - Sarah M Fantin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan, United States
| | - Kristine F Parson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan, United States
| | - George A Pantelopulos
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston 02215, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Haley R Harrington
- Center for Structural Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville 37240, Tennessee, United States
| | - Kathleen F Mittendorf
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland 97227, Oregon, United States
| | - Shuo Qian
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge 37831, Tennessee, United States
| | - Richard A Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville37240, Tennessee, United States
| | - Scott E Collier
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland 97227, Oregon, United States
| | - Melissa G Chambers
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville 37240, Tennessee, United States
| | - John Katsaras
- Neutron Scattering Division and Shull Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge 37831, Tennessee, United States
| | - Markus W Voehler
- Center for Structural Biology and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville 37240, Tennessee, United States
| | - Brandon T Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan, United States
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig 16-18, 04107, Germany
| | - Robert L McFeeters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Huntsville 35899, Alabama, United States
| | - John E Straub
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston 02215, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mu-Ping Nieh
- Polymer Program, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, Connecticut, United States
| | - Charles R Sanders
- Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville 37240, Tennessee, United States
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10
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Mohammadi S, Arefnezhad R, Danaii S, Yousefi M. New insights into the core Hippo signaling and biological macromolecules interactions in the biology of solid tumors. Biofactors 2020; 46:514-530. [PMID: 32445262 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As an evolutionarily conserved pathway, Hippo signaling pathway impacts different pathology and physiology processes such as wound healing, tissue repair/size and regeneration. When some components of Hippo signaling dysregulated, it affects cancer cells proliferation. Moreover, the relation Hippo pathway with other signaling including Wnt, TGFβ, Notch, and EGFR signaling leaves effect on the proliferation of cancer cells. Utilizing a number of therapeutic approaches, such as siRNAs and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) to prevent cancer cells through the targeting of Hippo pathways, can provide new insights into cancer target therapy. The purpose of present review, first of all, is to demonstrate the importance of Hippo signaling and its relation with other signaling pathways in cancer. It also tries to demonstrate targeting Hippo signaling progress in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Mohammadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Shahla Danaii
- Gynecology Department, Eastern Azerbaijan ACECR ART Center, Eastern Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Depatment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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11
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August A, Schmidt N, Klingler J, Baumkötter F, Lechner M, Klement J, Eggert S, Vargas C, Wild K, Keller S, Kins S. Copper and zinc ions govern the trans‐directed dimerization of APP family members in multiple ways. J Neurochem 2019; 151:626-641. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander August
- Division of Human Biology and Human GeneticsTechnische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK) Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Nadine Schmidt
- Division of Human Biology and Human GeneticsTechnische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK) Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Johannes Klingler
- Molecular Biophysics Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK) Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Frederik Baumkötter
- Division of Human Biology and Human GeneticsTechnische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK) Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Marius Lechner
- Division of Human Biology and Human GeneticsTechnische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK) Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Jessica Klement
- Molecular Biophysics Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK) Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Simone Eggert
- Division of Human Biology and Human GeneticsTechnische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK) Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Carolyn Vargas
- Molecular Biophysics Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK) Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Klemens Wild
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH) University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sandro Keller
- Molecular Biophysics Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK) Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Stefan Kins
- Division of Human Biology and Human GeneticsTechnische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK) Kaiserslautern Germany
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12
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Markova SV, Larionova MD, Vysotski ES. Shining Light on the Secreted Luciferases of Marine Copepods: Current Knowledge and Applications. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:705-721. [PMID: 30585639 DOI: 10.1111/php.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Copepod luciferases-a family of small secretory proteins of 18.4-24.3 kDa, including a signal peptide-are responsible for bright secreted bioluminescence of some marine copepods. The copepod luciferases use coelenterazine as a substrate to produce blue light in a simple oxidation reaction without any additional cofactors. They do not share sequence or structural similarity with other identified bioluminescent proteins including coelenterazine-dependent Renilla and Oplophorus luciferases. The small size, strong luminescence activity and high stability, including thermostability, make secreted copepod luciferases very attractive candidates as reporter proteins which are particularly useful for nondisruptive reporter assays and for high-throughput format. The most known and extensively investigated representatives of this family are the first cloned GpLuc and MLuc luciferases from copepods Gaussia princeps and Metridia longa, respectively. Immediately after cloning, these homologous luciferases were successfully applied as bioluminescent reporters in vivo and in vitro, and since then, the scope of their applications continues to grow. This review is an attempt to systemize and critically evaluate the data scattered through numerous articles regarding the main structural features of copepod luciferases, their luminescent and physicochemical properties. We also review the main trends of their application as bioluminescent reporters in cell and molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Markova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina D Larionova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene S Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Azad T, Nouri K, Janse van Rensburg HJ, Hao Y, Yang X. Monitoring Hippo Signaling Pathway Activity Using a Luciferase-based Large Tumor Suppressor (LATS) Biosensor. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30272653 DOI: 10.3791/58416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a conserved regulator of organ size and has important roles in the development and cancer biology. Due to technical challenges, it remains difficult to assess the activity of this signaling pathway and interpret it within a biological context. The existing literature on large tumor suppressor (LATS) relies on methods that are qualitative and cannot easily be scaled-up for screening. Recently, we have developed a bioluminescence-based biosensor to monitor the kinase activity of LATS-a core component of the Hippo kinase cascade. Here, we describe procedures for how this LATS biosensor (LATS-BS) can be used to characterize Hippo pathway regulators. First, we provide a detailed protocol for investigating the effect of an overexpressed protein candidate (e.g., VEGFR2) on LATS activity using the LATS-BS. Then, we show how the LATS-BS can be used for a small-scale kinase inhibitor screen. This protocol can feasibly be scaled-up to perform larger screens, which undoubtedly will identify novel regulators of the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Azad
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University
| | - Kazem Nouri
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University
| | | | - Yawei Hao
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University;
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14
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Kamp F, Scheidt HA, Winkler E, Basset G, Heinel H, Hutchison JM, LaPointe LM, Sanders CR, Steiner H, Huster D. Bexarotene Binds to the Amyloid Precursor Protein Transmembrane Domain, Alters Its α-Helical Conformation, and Inhibits γ-Secretase Nonselectively in Liposomes. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1702-1713. [PMID: 29717863 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bexarotene is a pleiotropic molecule that has been proposed as an amyloid-β (Aβ)-lowering drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It acts by upregulation of an apolipoprotein E (apoE)-mediated Aβ clearance mechanism. However, whether bexarotene induces removal of Aβ plaques in mouse models of AD has been controversial. Here, we show by NMR and CD spectroscopy that bexarotene directly interacts with and stabilizes the transmembrane domain α-helix of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in a region where cholesterol binds. This effect is not mediated by changes in membrane lipid packing, as bexarotene does not share with cholesterol the property of inducing phospholipid condensation. Bexarotene inhibited the intramembrane cleavage by γ-secretase of the APP C-terminal fragment C99 to release Aβ in cell-free assays of the reconstituted enzyme in liposomes, but not in cells, and only at very high micromolar concentrations. Surprisingly, in vitro, bexarotene also inhibited the cleavage of Notch1, another major γ-secretase substrate, demonstrating that its inhibition of γ-secretase is not substrate specific and not mediated by acting via the cholesterol binding site of C99. Our data suggest that bexarotene is a pleiotropic molecule that interfere with Aβ metabolism through multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frits Kamp
- Biomedical Center - BMC, Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Holger A. Scheidt
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Edith Winkler
- Biomedical Center - BMC, Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Gabriele Basset
- Biomedical Center - BMC, Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Hannes Heinel
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - James M. Hutchison
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - Loren M. LaPointe
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - Charles R. Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - Harald Steiner
- Biomedical Center - BMC, Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich 80539, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)−Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Eggert S, Gonzalez AC, Thomas C, Schilling S, Schwarz SM, Tischer C, Adam V, Strecker P, Schmidt V, Willnow TE, Hermey G, Pietrzik CU, Koo EH, Kins S. Dimerization leads to changes in APP (amyloid precursor protein) trafficking mediated by LRP1 and SorLA. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:301-322. [PMID: 28799085 PMCID: PMC11105302 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by α-, β- and γ-secretases is a determining factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Imbalances in the activity of all three enzymes can result in alterations towards pathogenic Aβ production. Proteolysis of APP is strongly linked to its subcellular localization as the secretases involved are distributed in different cellular compartments. APP has been shown to dimerize in cis-orientation, affecting Aβ production. This might be explained by different substrate properties defined by the APP oligomerization state or alternatively by altered APP monomer/dimer localization. We investigated the latter hypothesis using two different APP dimerization systems in HeLa cells. Dimerization caused a decreased localization of APP to the Golgi and at the plasma membrane, whereas the levels in the ER and in endosomes were increased. Furthermore, we observed via live cell imaging and biochemical analyses that APP dimerization affects its interaction with LRP1 and SorLA, suggesting that APP dimerization modulates its interplay with sorting molecules and in turn its localization and processing. Thus, pharmacological approaches targeting APP oligomerization properties might open novel strategies for treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Eggert
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - A C Gonzalez
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Thomas
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - S Schilling
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - S M Schwarz
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Institute for Medical Virology, University of Frankfurt, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - V Adam
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - P Strecker
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - V Schmidt
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - T E Willnow
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C U Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - E H Koo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, 92093-0662, USA
| | - Stefan Kins
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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16
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Hu T, Xiao Z, Mao R, Chen B, Lu MN, Tong J, Mei R, Li SS, Xiao ZC, Zhang LF, Xiyang YB. Navβ2 knockdown improves cognition in APP/PS1 mice by partially inhibiting seizures and APP amyloid processing. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99284-99295. [PMID: 29245901 PMCID: PMC5725092 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels beta 2 (Navβ2, encoded by SCN2B) is a substrate of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and regulates cell surface expression of channels in neurons. Previous studies reported enhanced Navβ2 processing by BACE1 in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model and patients. We investigated whether changes in Navβ2 expression affect neuronal seizure and amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing in an AD mouse model. Our study used eight-month-old APP/presenilin 1 (PS1) mice and transgenic Navβ2 knockdown [by 61% vs. wild type (WT)] APP/PS1 mice (APP/PS1/Navβ2-kd), with age-matched WT and Navβ2 knockdown (Navβ2-kd) mice as controls. We found that Navβ2 knockdown in APP/PS1 mice partially reversed the abnormal Navβ2 cleavage and the changes in intracellular and total Nav1.1α expression. It also restored sodium currents density in hippocampal neurons and neuronal activity, as indicated by EEG tracing; improved Morris water maze performance; and shifted APP amyloidogenic metabolism towards non-amyloidogenic processing. There were no differences in these indicators between WT and Navβ2-kd mice. These results suggest Navβ2 knockdown may be a promising strategy for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Rui Mao
- School of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Bo Chen
- Experiment Center for Medical Science Research, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Min-Nan Lu
- Experiment Center for Medical Science Research, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Jun Tong
- Physical Education Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Rong Mei
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China.,Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories (MISCL), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lian-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Bin Xiyang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
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17
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Langosch D, Steiner H. Substrate processing in intramembrane proteolysis by γ-secretase - the role of protein dynamics. Biol Chem 2017; 398:441-453. [PMID: 27845877 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intramembrane proteases comprise a number of different membrane proteins with different types of catalytic sites. Their common denominator is cleavage within the plane of the membrane, which usually results in peptide bond scission within the transmembrane helices of their substrates. Despite recent progress in the determination of high-resolution structures, as illustrated here for the γ-secretase complex and its substrate C99, it is still unknown how these enzymes function and how they distinguish between substrates and non-substrates. In principle, substrate/non-substrate discrimination could occur at the level of substrate binding and/or cleavage. Focusing on the γ-secretase/C99 pair, we will discuss recent observations suggesting that global motions within a substrate transmembrane helix may be much more important for defining a substrate than local unraveling at cleavage sites.
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18
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Yan Y, Xu TH, Harikumar KG, Miller LJ, Melcher K, Xu HE. Dimerization of the transmembrane domain of amyloid precursor protein is determined by residues around the γ-secretase cleavage sites. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15826-15837. [PMID: 28790170 PMCID: PMC5612113 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.789669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease is the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques that consist mainly of abnormally aggregated forms of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides. These peptides are generated by γ-secretase-catalyzed cleavage of a dimeric membrane-bound C-terminal fragment (C99) of the amyloid precursor protein. Although C99 homodimerization has been linked to Aβ production and changes in the aggregation-determining Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, the motif through which C99 dimerizes has remained controversial. Here, we have used two independent assays to gain insight into C99 homodimerization in the context of the membrane of live cells: bioluminescence resonance energy transfer and Tango membrane protein-protein interaction assays, which were further confirmed by traditional pull-down assays. Our results indicate a four-amino acid region within the C99 transmembrane helix (43TVIV46) as well as its local secondary structure as critical determinants for homodimerization. These four amino acids are also a hot spot of familial Alzheimer's disease-linked mutations that both decrease C99 homodimerization and γ-secretase cleavage and alter the initial cleavage site to increase the Aβ42/40 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- From the Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,the Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Innovation and Integration Program, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, and
| | - Ting-Hai Xu
- From the Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,the Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Innovation and Integration Program, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, and
| | - Kaleeckal G Harikumar
- the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259
| | - Laurence J Miller
- the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259
| | - Karsten Melcher
- the Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Innovation and Integration Program, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, and
| | - H Eric Xu
- From the Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China, .,the Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Innovation and Integration Program, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, and
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19
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Sun F, Chen L, Wei P, Chai M, Ding X, Xu L, Luo SZ. Dimerization and Structural Stability of Amyloid Precursor Proteins Affected by the Membrane Microenvironments. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:1375-1387. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fude Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Long Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengya Chai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiufang Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lida Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shi-Zhong Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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20
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Deatherage CL, Lu Z, Kroncke BM, Ma S, Smith JA, Voehler MW, McFeeters RL, Sanders CR. Structural and biochemical differences between the Notch and the amyloid precursor protein transmembrane domains. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602794. [PMID: 28439555 PMCID: PMC5389784 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
γ-Secretase cleavage of the Notch receptor transmembrane domain is a critical signaling event for various cellular processes. Efforts to develop inhibitors of γ-secretase cleavage of the amyloid-β precursor C99 protein as potential Alzheimer's disease therapeutics have been confounded by toxicity resulting from the inhibition of normal cleavage of Notch. We present biochemical and structural data for the combined transmembrane and juxtamembrane Notch domains (Notch-TMD) that illuminate Notch signaling and that can be compared and contrasted with the corresponding traits of C99. The Notch-TMD and C99 have very different conformations, adapt differently to changes in model membrane hydrophobic span, and exhibit different cholesterol-binding properties. These differences may be exploited in the design of agents that inhibit cleavage of C99 while allowing Notch cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L. Deatherage
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Center for Structural Biology and Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Zhenwei Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Center for Structural Biology and Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Brett M. Kroncke
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Center for Structural Biology and Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Sirui Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Center for Structural Biology and Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jarrod A. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Center for Structural Biology and Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Markus W. Voehler
- Center for Structural Biology and Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Robert L. McFeeters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Charles R. Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Center for Structural Biology and Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Corresponding author.
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21
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Li M, Yuan Y, Hu B, Wu L. Study on Lentivirus-Mediated ABCA7 Improves Neurocognitive Function and Related Mechanisms in the C57BL/6 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 61:489-497. [PMID: 28124230 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A7 (ABCA7) is expressed in the hippocampus and cortex of the brain and was confirmed to be involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have demonstrated that ABCA7 regulated Aβ production, lipid transport, leading to AD characteristic pathological changes. However, the role and mechanism of ABCA7 in the context of AD needs further research. We augmented the expression of ABCA7 using lentiviral vector carrying ABCA7 gene to investigate the effect of ABCA7 overexpression on AD mice; then, we further explored the underlying mechanism in vitro. In the present study, ABCA7 was expressed successfully in the hippocampus of AD mice through lentiviral vector mediating ABCA7 gene; we showed that ABCA7 overexpression can effectively improve cognitive behavior of AD mice and diminished Aβ production; meanwhile, ABCA7 overexpression significantly relieved the neurotoxicity of Aβ by promoting cell viability and reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. In conclusion, our findings showed that ABCA7 had obvious anti-Aβ effect and appeared to improve cognitive function of AD mice. Our results provided a new thought and basic scientific data for the clinical treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Li
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yefeng Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Institute of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
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22
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Impact of membrane lipid composition on the structure and stability of the transmembrane domain of amyloid precursor protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5281-7. [PMID: 27559086 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606482113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by γ-secretase is a crucial first step in the evolution of Alzheimer's disease. To discover the cleavage mechanism, it is urgent to predict the structures of APP monomers and dimers in varying membrane environments. We determined the structures of the C9923-55 monomer and homodimer as a function of membrane lipid composition using a multiscale simulation approach that blends atomistic and coarse-grained models. We demonstrate that the C9923-55 homodimer structures form a heterogeneous ensemble with multiple conformational states, each stabilized by characteristic interpeptide interactions. The relative probabilities of each conformational state are sensitive to the membrane environment, leading to substantial variation in homodimer peptide structure as a function of membrane lipid composition or the presence of an anionic lipid environment. In contrast, the helicity of the transmembrane domain of monomeric C991-55 is relatively insensitive to the membrane lipid composition, in agreement with experimental observations. The dimer structures of human EphA2 receptor depend on the lipid environment, which we show is linked to the location of the structural motifs in the dimer interface, thereby establishing that both sequence and membrane composition modulate the complete energy landscape of membrane-bound proteins. As a by-product of our work, we explain the discrepancy in structures predicted for C99 congener homodimers in membrane and micelle environments. Our study provides insight into the observed dependence of C99 protein cleavage by γ-secretase, critical to the formation of amyloid-β protein, on membrane thickness and lipid composition.
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23
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Decock M, Stanga S, Octave JN, Dewachter I, Smith SO, Constantinescu SN, Kienlen-Campard P. Glycines from the APP GXXXG/GXXXA Transmembrane Motifs Promote Formation of Pathogenic Aβ Oligomers in Cells. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:107. [PMID: 27242518 PMCID: PMC4861705 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline leading to dementia. The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a ubiquitous type I transmembrane (TM) protein sequentially processed to generate the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), the major constituent of senile plaques that are typical AD lesions. There is a growing body of evidence that soluble Aβ oligomers correlate with clinical symptoms associated with the disease. The Aβ sequence begins in the extracellular juxtamembrane region of APP and includes roughly half of the TM domain. This region contains GXXXG and GXXXA motifs, which are critical for both TM protein interactions and fibrillogenic properties of peptides derived from TM α-helices. Glycine-to-leucine mutations of these motifs were previously shown to affect APP processing and Aβ production in cells. However, the detailed contribution of these motifs to APP dimerization, their relation to processing, and the conformational changes they can induce within Aβ species remains undefined. Here, we describe highly resistant Aβ42 oligomers that are produced in cellular membrane compartments. They are formed in cells by processing of the APP amyloidogenic C-terminal fragment (C99), or by direct expression of a peptide corresponding to Aβ42, but not to Aβ40. By a point-mutation approach, we demonstrate that glycine-to-leucine mutations in the G29XXXG33 and G38XXXA42 motifs dramatically affect the Aβ oligomerization process. G33 and G38 in these motifs are specifically involved in Aβ oligomerization; the G33L mutation strongly promotes oligomerization, while G38L blocks it with a dominant effect on G33 residue modification. Finally, we report that the secreted Aβ42 oligomers display pathological properties consistent with their suggested role in AD, but do not induce toxicity in survival assays with neuronal cells. Exposure of neurons to these Aβ42 oligomers dramatically affects neuronal differentiation and, consequently, neuronal network maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Decock
- CEMO-Alzheimer Dementia, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serena Stanga
- CEMO-Alzheimer Dementia, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Noël Octave
- CEMO-Alzheimer Dementia, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse Dewachter
- CEMO-Alzheimer Dementia, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven O Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY, USA
| | - Stefan N Constantinescu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research - de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascal Kienlen-Campard
- CEMO-Alzheimer Dementia, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Belgium
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24
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Stanga S, Zanou N, Audouard E, Tasiaux B, Contino S, Vandermeulen G, René F, Loeffler JP, Clotman F, Gailly P, Dewachter I, Octave JN, Kienlen-Campard P. APP-dependent glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression drives neuromuscular junction formation. FASEB J 2015; 30:1696-711. [PMID: 26718890 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-278739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Besides its crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, the knowledge of amyloid precursor protein (APP) physiologic functions remains surprisingly scarce. Here, we show that APP regulates the transcription of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). APP-dependent regulation of GDNF expression affects muscle strength, muscular trophy, and both neuronal and muscular differentiation fundamental for neuromuscular junction (NMJ) maturation in vivo In a nerve-muscle coculture model set up to modelize NMJ formation in vitro, silencing of muscular APP induces a 30% decrease in secreted GDNF levels and a 40% decrease in the total number of NMJs together with a significant reduction in the density of acetylcholine vesicles at the presynaptic site and in neuronal maturation. These defects are rescued by GDNF expression in muscle cells in the conditions where muscular APP has been previously silenced. Expression of GDNF in muscles of amyloid precursor protein null mice corrected the aberrant synaptic morphology of NMJs. Our findings highlight for the first time that APP-dependent GDNF expression drives the process of NMJ formation, providing new insights into the link between APP gene regulatory network and physiologic functions.-Stanga, S., Zanou, N., Audouard, E., Tasiaux, B., Contino, S., Vandermeulen, G., René, F., Loeffler, J.-P., Clotman, F., Gailly, P., Dewachter, I., Octave, J.-N., Kienlen-Campard, P. APP-dependent glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression drives neuromuscular junction formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Stanga
- Alzheimer Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nadège Zanou
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilie Audouard
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernadette Tasiaux
- Alzheimer Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Contino
- Alzheimer Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Vandermeulen
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; and
| | - Frédérique René
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1118 Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Loeffler
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1118 Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Clotman
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Gailly
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse Dewachter
- Alzheimer Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Noël Octave
- Alzheimer Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascal Kienlen-Campard
- Alzheimer Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium;
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