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Kourti D, Angelopoulou M, Makarona E, Economou A, Petrou P, Misiakos K, Kakabakos S. Photonic Dipstick Immunosensor to Detect Adulteration of Ewe, Goat, and Donkey Milk with Cow Milk through Bovine κ-Casein Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:5688. [PMID: 39275599 DOI: 10.3390/s24175688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
The quality and authenticity of milk are of paramount importance. Cow milk is more allergenic and less nutritious than ewe, goat, or donkey milk, which are often adulterated with cow milk due to their seasonal availability and higher prices. In this work, a silicon photonic dipstick sensor accommodating two U-shaped Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs) was employed for the label-free detection of the adulteration of ewe, goat, and donkey milk with cow milk. One of the two MZIs of the chip was modified with bovine κ-casein, while the other was modified with bovine serum albumin to serve as a blank. All assay steps were performed by immersion of the chip side where the MZIs are positioned into the reagent solutions, leading to a photonic dipstick immunosensor. Thus, the chip was first immersed in a mixture of milk with anti-bovine κ-casein antibody and then in a secondary antibody solution for signal enhancement. A limit of detection of 0.05% v/v cow milk in ewe, goat, or donkey milk was achieved in 12 min using a 50-times diluted sample. This fast, sensitive, and simple assay, without the need for sample pre-processing, microfluidics, or pumps, makes the developed sensor ideal for the detection of milk adulteration at the point of need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Kourti
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR "Demokritos", GR-15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, GR-15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Michailia Angelopoulou
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR "Demokritos", GR-15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Eleni Makarona
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", GR-15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Anastasios Economou
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, GR-15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Petrou
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR "Demokritos", GR-15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Misiakos
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", GR-15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Sotirios Kakabakos
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR "Demokritos", GR-15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
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The detection of goat milk adulteration with cow milk using a combination of voltammetric fingerprints and chemometrics analysis. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02780-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
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Xiao F, Gu M, Zhang Y, Xian Y, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Sun J, Ding C, Zhang G, Wang D. Detection of Soybean-Derived Components in Dairy Products Using Proofreading Enzyme-Mediated Probe Cleavage Coupled with Ladder-Shape Melting Temperature Isothermal Amplification (Proofman-LMTIA). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041685. [PMID: 36838673 PMCID: PMC9964665 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Food adulteration is a serious problem all over the world. Establishing an accurate, sensitive and fast detection method is an important part of identifying food adulteration. Herein, a sequence-specific ladder-shape melting temperature isothermal amplification (LMTIA) assay was reported to detect soybean-derived components using proofreading enzyme-mediated probe cleavage (named Proofman), which could realize real-time and visual detection without uncapping. The results showed that, under the optimal temperature of 57 °C, the established Proofman-LMTIA method for the detection of soybean-derived components in dairy products was sensitive to 1 pg/μL, with strong specificity, and could distinguish soybean genes from those of beef, mutton, sunflower, corn, walnut, etc. The established Proofman-LMTIA detection method was applied to the detection of actual samples of cow milk and goat milk. The results showed that the method was accurate, stable and reliable, and the detection results were not affected by a complex matrix without false positives or false negatives. It was proved that the method could be used for the detection and identification of soybean-derived components in actual dairy products samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugang Xiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-Detection Technology for Food Safety, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China
- Correspondence: (F.X.); (D.W.); Tel.: +86-374-2968805 (F.X.); +86-374-2968907 (D.W.)
| | - Menglin Gu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-Detection Technology for Food Safety, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China
- College of Grain and Food, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yaoxuan Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-Detection Technology for Food Safety, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China
- College of Grain and Food, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yaodong Xian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-Detection Technology for Food Safety, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China
| | - Yaotian Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-Detection Technology for Food Safety, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-Detection Technology for Food Safety, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China
| | - Juntao Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-Detection Technology for Food Safety, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China
| | - Changhe Ding
- College of Grain and Food, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guozhi Zhang
- College of Grain and Food, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Deguo Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-Detection Technology for Food Safety, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China
- Correspondence: (F.X.); (D.W.); Tel.: +86-374-2968805 (F.X.); +86-374-2968907 (D.W.)
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Grassi S, Tarapoulouzi M, D’Alessandro A, Agriopoulou S, Strani L, Varzakas T. How Chemometrics Can Fight Milk Adulteration. Foods 2022; 12:139. [PMID: 36613355 PMCID: PMC9819000 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adulteration and fraud are amongst the wrong practices followed nowadays due to the attitude of some people to gain more money or their tendency to mislead consumers. Obviously, the industry follows stringent controls and methodologies in order to protect consumers as well as the origin of the food products, and investment in these technologies is highly critical. In this context, chemometric techniques proved to be very efficient in detecting and even quantifying the number of substances used as adulterants. The extraction of relevant information from different kinds of data is a crucial feature to achieve this aim. However, these techniques are not always used properly. In fact, training is important along with investment in these technologies in order to cope effectively and not only reduce fraud but also advertise the geographical origin of the various food and drink products. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the different chemometric techniques (from clustering to classification and regression applied to several analytical data) along with spectroscopy, chromatography, electrochemical sensors, and other on-site detection devices in the battle against milk adulteration. Moreover, the steps which should be followed to develop a chemometric model to face adulteration issues are carefully presented with the required critical discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grassi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Tarapoulouzi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia CY-1678, Cyprus
| | - Alessandro D’Alessandro
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Sofia Agriopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Lorenzo Strani
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
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Lal PP, Prakash AA, Chand AA, Prasad KA, Mehta U, Assaf MH, Mani FS, Mamun KA. IoT integrated fuzzy classification analysis for detecting adulterants in cow milk. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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