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Zhang Y, Liang Y, Zhang W, Ren Y, Bao X. Evaluation of fifteen processing methods of hellgrammites based on the flavor characteristics. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:651-674. [PMID: 38410265 PMCID: PMC10894185 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
To investigate suitable processing methods for improve the flavor while maintaining quality, hellgrammites were subjected to fifteen different processing methods. The samples were tested by sensory evaluation and were analyzed using HS-SPME-GC-MS. The sensory evaluation revealed that five methods for head and chest removal, three wine-fried methods, and three vinegar-roasting methods significantly reduced the levels of hexanal (3129.05 ± 45.77 μg/kg) and heptanal (436.72 ± 7.42 μg/kg), compounds responsible for fishy and earthy flavors, compared to raw samples. The latter two methods exhibited increased aroma flavor. PCA and OPLS-DA analyses suggested that acids, alcohols, and esters played a crucial role in flavor modification. Notably, vinegar-roasting methods demonstrated the highest acid content and had a substantial impact on volatile compounds. Additionally, boiling methods effectively reduced the levels of hazardous compounds, such as toluene and 1,3-Dimethyl-benzene. However, other methods did not exhibit similar efficacy in reducing hazardous compounds. The accumulation of hazardous compounds showed a decreasing trend in the whole insect, head removal, and head and chest removal groups. Moreover, the relative odor activity value consistently identified aldehyde compounds, including hexanal and heptanal, as the main contributors to aroma. Overall, boiling and head and chest removal procedures were suggested as precautionary measures during the initial processing of hellgrammites-based food products. The vinegar-roasting and wine-fried methods could be employed to impart desired flavors, aligning with consumers' preferences. These findings lay the foundation for standardizing processing techniques and ensuring the quality control of products derived from hellgrammites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610063 China
| | - Yupeng Liang
- Pharmacy College, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610063 China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610063 China
| | - Yan Ren
- Pharmacy College, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610063 China
| | - Xiaoming Bao
- Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610063 China
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Liu S, Zhang L, Chen J, Li Z, Liu M, Hong P, Zhong S, Li H. Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on the Freshness of Prepackaged Penaeus vannamei. Foods 2024; 13:305. [PMID: 38254607 PMCID: PMC10814677 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of temperature fluctuations on the freshness of shrimp in simulated trays was investigated by setting a freeze-thaw (F-T) cycle of 12 h after freezing at -20 °C and thawing at 1 °C under refrigeration. The results showed that the shrimp's physicochemical properties deteriorated to different extents with the increase in F-T cycles. The total colony count of shrimp was 6.07 lg CFU/g after 21 cycles, and the volatile saline nitrogen content reached 30.36 mg/100 g, which exceeded the edible standard. In addition, the sensory quality and textural properties (hardness, elasticity, chewiness, and adhesion) declined to different degrees with increased F-T cycles. LF-NMR and protein property measurements showed that F-T cycles resulted in reduced water holding capacity and protein denaturation, which were the main factors leading to the deterioration of shrimp quality. Furthermore, flavor changes were analyzed using an electronic nose sensor to establish a freshness model. The W1W, W1S, W2S, and W5S sensors were correlated with the quality changes in shrimp and used as the main sensors for detecting the freshness of Penaeus vannamei. As a result, to better maintain the overall freshness, temperature fluctuations should be minimized in sales and storage, and fewer than 8 F-T cycles should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouchun Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Prepared Food Processing and Quality Control; Guangdong Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (S.L.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (M.L.); (P.H.); (H.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524004, China;
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524004, China;
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Prepared Food Processing and Quality Control; Guangdong Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (S.L.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (M.L.); (P.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Zhuyi Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Prepared Food Processing and Quality Control; Guangdong Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (S.L.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (M.L.); (P.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Meijiao Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Prepared Food Processing and Quality Control; Guangdong Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (S.L.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (M.L.); (P.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Pengzhi Hong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Prepared Food Processing and Quality Control; Guangdong Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (S.L.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (M.L.); (P.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Prepared Food Processing and Quality Control; Guangdong Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (S.L.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (M.L.); (P.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Haifeng Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Prepared Food Processing and Quality Control; Guangdong Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (S.L.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (M.L.); (P.H.); (H.L.)
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Sun W, Ji H, Zhang D, Zhang Z, Liu S, Song W. Evaluation of Aroma Characteristics of Dried Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Prepared by Five Different Procedures. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213532. [PMID: 36360145 PMCID: PMC9658951 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the most popular shrimp species in the world and has been reported in studies on its dryness and flavor. However, the aroma characteristics of shrimps dried with different drying methods are compared in a unified way, and there are few reports on the difference in aroma of different shrimps dried. In order to clarify the difference in aroma characteristics of shrimp dried produced by different drying methods. In this study, blanched shrimp (BS) was used as a control to analyze the aroma characteristics of shrimp dried by five different procedures (SD-BFDP) samples, namely vacuum freeze-dried shrimp (VFDS), vacuum dried-shrimp (VDS), heat pump-dried shrimp (HPDS), hot air dried-shrimp (HADS) and microwave vacuum-dried shrimp (MVDS). An electronic nose (E-nose) was used to obtain the aroma fingerprint of SD-BFDP samples. Headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile compounds in SD-BFDP samples. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to analyze potential correlations between sensory attributes and aroma-active compounds (AACs). Partial least squares-discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) was used to screen for signature aroma compounds. The results of the E-nose showed that there were differences in the aroma fingerprints of the SD-BFDP samples, and the E-nose could distinguish the five kinds of SD-BFDP. The qualitative and quantitative results of GC-MS showed that the types and contents of the main volatile components of SD-BFDP samples were different. 15 AACs were screened from SD-BFDP based on odor activity value (OAV). The PLSR results showed good correlations between certain sensory attributes and the majority of AACs. PLS-DA results displayed that aroma attributes of SD-BFDP samples could be distinguished by six signature aroma compounds, including trimethylamine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine, nonanal, 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine, and octanal. These research results reveal that shrimps dried in different procedures have unique aroma characteristics, which could provide a theoretical basis for the rapid identification of aroma attributes of dried shrimps in the future. From a flavor perspective, MVD is the best drying method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hongwu Ji
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Di Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zewei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Wenkui Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Comprehensive Quality Evaluation for Medicinal and Edible Ziziphi Spinosae Semen before and after Rancidity Based on Traditional Sensory, Physicochemical Characteristics, and Volatile Compounds. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152320. [PMID: 35954084 PMCID: PMC9367921 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To comprehensively evaluate the quality of medicinal and edible Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS, the dried ripe seeds of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa) before and after rancidity during storage, some indicators including traditional sensory properties, physicochemical characteristics, and volatile compounds were analyzed. As a result, compared with the normal samples, the rancid samples of ZSS produced a darker color, a bitter taste, and an irritating odor, increased moisture content, electrical conductivity, fatty oil content, and acid value, and decreased water- and alcohol-soluble extract contents and pH value. Among them, the acid value had significant difference (p < 0.01) from 3.90 of normal ZSS to 18.68 mg/g of rancid ZSS. A total of 39 volatile compounds were identified in samples, including 20 in normal ZSS and 38 compounds in rancid ZSS. Nineteen common compounds were identified in normal and rancid samples. Among them, the content of 10 compounds such as δ-limonene, (R,R)-2,3-butanediol, and (R,S)-2,3-butanediol was decreased but that of nine compounds such as acetic acid, n-octanoic acid, and n-nonanoic acid was increased in rancid ZSS. Nineteen unique compounds such as β-phellandrene, α-pinene, and 3-carene were detected and only one compound, δ-cadinene, was not detected in rancid ZSS. In addition, eight short-chain organic acids, acetic, propanoic, butanoic, pentanoic, hexanoic, heptanoic, octanoic, and nonanoic acids, were new products in rancid ZSS, and it was speculated that the production of a series of organic acids might be the material basis of irritating odor after normal ZSS became rancid. This is the first report that a series of short-chain organic acids have been found in a rancid substance. In conclusion, there was a significant difference between normal and rancid ZSS. These indicators could be used as an early warning for judging the rancidity phenomenon of medicinal and edible ZSS. In addition, this is the first comprehensive evaluation about the rancidity process of a medicinal and edible substance.
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