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Kaldeli A, Zakidou P, Paraskevopoulou A. Volatilomics as a tool to ascertain food adulteration, authenticity, and origin. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13387. [PMID: 38865237 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Over recent years, there has been an increase in the number of reported cases of food fraud incidents, whereas at the same time, consumers demand authentic products of high quality. The emerging volatilomics technology could be the key to the analysis and characterization of the quality of different foodstuffs. This field of omics has aroused the interest of scientists due to its noninvasive, rapid, and cost-profitable nature. This review aims to monitor the available scientific information on the use of volatilomics technology, correlate it to the relevant food categories, and demonstrate its importance in the food adulteration, authenticity, and origin areas. A comprehensive literature search was performed using various scientific search engines and "volatilomics," "volatiles," "food authenticity," "adulteration," "origin," "fingerprint," "chemometrics," and variations thereof as keywords, without chronological restriction. One hundred thirty-seven relevant publications were retrieved, covering 11 different food categories (meat and meat products, fruits and fruit products, honey, coffee, tea, herbal products, olive oil, dairy products, spices, cereals, and others), the majority of which focused on the food geographical origin. The findings show that volatilomics typically involves various methods responsible for the extraction and consequential identification of volatile compounds, whereas, with the aid of data analysis, it can handle large amounts of data, enabling the origin classification of samples or even the detection of adulteration practices. Nonetheless, a greater number of specific research studies are needed to unlock the full potential of volatilomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Kaldeli
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiota Zakidou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy
| | - Adamantini Paraskevopoulou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Liu J, Wan J, Zhang Y, Hou X, Shen G, Li S, Luo Q, Li Q, Zhou M, Liu X, Wen C, Zhu X, Zhang Z. The establishment of comprehensive quality evaluation model for flavor characteristics of green Sichuan pepper ( Zanthoxylum armatum DC.) in Southwest China. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100721. [PMID: 37397205 PMCID: PMC10314138 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the quality indexes and sensory evaluation of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. from the main production areas in Southwest China were analyzed. Further, correlation analysis (CRA), principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to comprehensively evaluate the quality characteristics of Z. armatum. The results showed that the sensory indexes and physicochemical indexes of Z. armatum were significantly correlated. Five principal component factors were extracted from 12 indexes by PCA, and a comprehensive evaluation model of quality was established with Y = 0.2943Y1 + 0.2387Y2 + 0.1896Y3 + 0.1679Y4 + 0.1094Y5. On this basis, 21 producing areas were grouped into 4 groups and 3 groups by Q-type CA, respectively. R-type CA showed that the content of hydroxyl-sanshools, linalool content and b* value were the quality characteristic indexes of Z. armatum in Southwest China. This work provided an important theory and practice reference for Z. armatum quality evaluation and in-depth product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Junzhe Wan
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hou
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Guanghui Shen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Qingying Luo
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Qingye Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Man Zhou
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Xingyan Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Chenggang Wen
- Yaomazi Food Co., Ltd., Mei’shan, Sichuan 620300, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Yaomazi Food Co., Ltd., Mei’shan, Sichuan 620300, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
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Zheng T, Zeng HT, Sun BY, Liu SM. Multi-environment evaluations across ecological regions reveal climate and soil effects on amides contents in Chinese prickly ash peels (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:313. [PMID: 37308832 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental factors difference is the key factor for the difference in the production, transformation and accumulation of effective components in plants. UPLC-MS/MS and multivariate statistical methods were applied to describe the region difference of amides compounds in Chinese prickly ash peels from different regions and their correlation with climatic factors and soil factors. RESULTS Amides compounds contents were significantly higher in high altitude areas, with obvious altitude change trend. Two ecotypes were classified based on the amides compounds contents, one was the high altitude-cool type from Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan and western Shaanxi province, and the other one was low altitude-warm type from eastern Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei and Shandong province. Amides compounds content were negatively correlated with annual mean temperature, max temperature of warmest month, mean temperature of wettest quarter and mean temperature of warmest quarter (P < 0.01). Except for hydroxy-γ-sanshool and ZP-amide A, the residual amides contents were significantly positively correlated with organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil and negatively correlated with soil bulk density. Low temperature, low precipitation and high organic carbon in soil were conducive to amides accumulation. CONCLUSIONS This study aided in site specific exploration of high amides contents yielding samples, enriched the environment factors effects on amides compounds, and provided scientific foundation for the improvement of Chinese prickly ash peels quality and the location of high-quality production areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- Shaanxi University of Technology, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Hanzhong, 723001, China
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation),, Hanzhong, 723001, China
- Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Hanzhong, 723001, China
| | - Hai-Tao Zeng
- Shaanxi University of Technology, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Hanzhong, 723001, China.
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation),, Hanzhong, 723001, China.
- Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Hanzhong, 723001, China.
| | - Bing-Yin Sun
- Yangling Vocational &Technical College, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shu-Ming Liu
- College of Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Cui C, Xia M, Wei Z, Chen J, Peng C, Cai H, Jin L, Hou R. 1H NMR-based metabolomic approach combined with machine learning algorithm to distinguish the geographic origin of huajiao (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.). Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cui B, Zheng T, Deng P, Zhang S, Zhao Z. Chemotaxonomic Variation in Volatile Component Contents in Ancient Platycladus orientalis Leaves with Different Tree Ages in Huangdi Mausoleum. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052043. [PMID: 36903288 PMCID: PMC10003951 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To gain insight into the differences in the composition and volatile components content in ancient Platycladus orientalis leaves with different tree ages in Huangdi Mausoleum, the volatile components were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) method. The volatile components were statistically analyzed by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, and the characteristic volatile components were screened. The results exhibited that a total of 72 volatile components were isolated and identified in 19 ancient Platycladus orientalis leaves with different tree ages, and 14 common volatile components were screened. Among them, the contents of α-pinene (6.40-16.76%), sabinene (1.11-7.29%), 3-carene (1.14-15.12%), terpinolene (2.17-4.95%), caryophyllene (8.04-13.53%), α-caryophyllene (7.34-14.41%), germacrene D (5.27-12.13%), (+)-Cedrol (2.34-11.30%) and α-terpinyl acetate (1.29-25.68%) were relatively higher (>1%), accounting for 83.40-87.61% of the total volatile components. Nineteen ancient Platycladus orientalis trees were clustered into three groups through the HCA method based on the 14 common volatile components content. Combined with the results of OPLS-DA analysis, (+)-cedrol, germacrene D, α-caryophyllene, α-terpinyl acetate, caryophyllene, β-myrcene, β-elemene and epiglobulol were the differential volatile components to distinguish ancient Platycladus orientalis with different tree ages. The results revealed that the composition of the volatile components in ancient Platycladus orientalis leaves with different tree ages was different, showing different aroma characteristics, which provided a theoretical reference for the differential development and application of volatile components in ancient Platycladus orientalis leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Cui
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Research Center for the Conservation and Breeding Engineering of Ancient Trees, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- College of Biology Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Ping Deng
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Research Center for the Conservation and Breeding Engineering of Ancient Trees, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhong Zhao
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Research Center for the Conservation and Breeding Engineering of Ancient Trees, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (Z.Z.)
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Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Factors and Flavonoids Content on Chinese Prickly Ash Peel Color Based on HPLC-MS and Structural Equation Model. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162539. [PMID: 36010539 PMCID: PMC9407495 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate affects Chinese prickly ash peel color directly through temperature and illumination and indirectly influences it through its effect on flavonoid compounds. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation strategy based on high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) technology and a structural equation model was applied to evaluate the effects of climate factors and flavonoids on Chinese prickly ash peel color. There were obvious geographical variations of peel color and flavonoid compounds with an obvious east–west distribution trend which were divided into high-altitude type and low-altitude type. Through path analysis, the wind speed, temperature and annual sunshine duration were found to be the key environmental factors affecting the flavonoids content and peel color, and their direct effects were higher than their indirect effect. Based on HPLC-MS technology and a structural equation model, correlation models of climatic factors and flavonoids with peel color were established, and the factors that had greater weight on pericarp color were obtained. Our results provide experimental evidence that climate factors affect the peel color by affecting flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation, reveal the geographical variation of peel color and flavonoid component contents in Chinese prickly ash peel, establish a quantization color method for rapid evaluation of peel quality, expand on the influence of climatic factors on flavonoids content and peel coloration and promote agricultural practice in areas with similar climatic conditions.
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Effects of Drying Methods on the Volatile Compounds of Alliummongolicum Regel. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142080. [PMID: 35885324 PMCID: PMC9317450 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Allium mongolicum Regel (AMR) is a traditional Mongolian food. Various drying methods play an important role in foodstuff flavor. However, the effect of different drying methods on AMR is limited. In this study, freeze drying (FD), vacuum drying (VD), and hot-air drying (HAD) were applied to dry fresh AMR to a moisture content of 8% (wet basis); headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry was adopted to identify volatile compounds in AMR; and principal component analysis and fingerprint similarity analysis based on the Euclidean distance was used to distinguish the fresh and three dried treatments. In total, 113 peaks were detected and 102 volatile compounds were identified. Drying causes significant changes to the amounts of volatile compounds in AMR, and the drying method plays a key role in determining which volatile compounds appear. Compared to FD, VD and HAD were more appropriate for drying AMR because the volatile compounds after VD and HAD were closer to those of fresh AMR. These findings can provide a scientific basis to help to preserve future seasonal functional food and aid in Mongolian medicine production.
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Tunnisa F, Nur Faridah D, Afriyanti A, Rosalina D, Ana Syabana M, Darmawan N, Dewi Yuliana N. Antioxidant and antidiabetic compounds identification in several Indonesian underutilized Zingiberaceae spices using SPME-GC/MS-based volatilomics and in silico methods. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100285. [PMID: 35342880 PMCID: PMC8943257 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile compounds linked with antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of 12 Zingiberaceae spices were identified using SPME-GC/MS and multivariate data analysis. Eucalyptol strongly correlated with α-glucosidase inhibitor and DPPH antioxidant activity. o-Cymene and terpinen-4-ol strongly correlated with FRAP and CUPRAC antioxidant activity. In silico study supported the results of the in-vitro experiment.
This study aimed to identify compounds in 12 minor Zingiberaceae spices grown in Indonesia linked with in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitor and antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC) activities using SPME-GC/MS volatilomics. The results illustrated that Zingiber aromaticum Val., Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe, Amomum compactum Sol. ex Maton, and Zingiber purpureum Roscoe had the highest α-glucosidase inhibitor and DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC antioxidant activities, respectively. Also, the total phenolic content positively influenced DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC antioxidant activities. The strongest positive correlation with α-glucosidase inhibitor and DPPH antioxidant activities was found in eucalyptol; whereas o-cymene and terpinen-4-ol had the strongest correlations with FRAP and CUPRAC antioxidants, respectively. Furthermore, the molecular docking analysis revealed that all compounds with a strong correlation with α-glucosidase inhibitor activity (based on their OPLS VIP score) had binding energies (−5.06 – −6.26 kcal/mol) close to Acarbose (−10.11 kcal/mol). Thus, this study provided vital information on the volatile compounds in underutilized spices associated with their health beneficial properties.
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Key Words
- AC, Amomum compactum Sol. ex Maton
- AGI, α-glucosidase inhibitor
- AM, Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe
- Antioxidant
- BR, Boesenbergia rotunda L. Mansf.
- CA, Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb
- CH, Curcuma heyneana Val. & Zijp
- CP, Curcuma purpurascens Blume
- CT, Curcuma petiolata Roxb
- CUPRAC, Cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity
- CZ, Curcuma zedoria Roscoe
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- FRAP, Ferric reducing antioxidant property
- GC/MS, Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
- Metabolomics
- OPLS, Orthogonal projection to the least square
- PCA, Principal component analysis
- SPME, Solid phase micro extraction
- SPME-GC/MS
- TFC, Total flavonoid content
- TPC, Total phenolic content
- Volatiles
- ZA, Zingiber aromaticum Val.
- ZC, Zingiber purpureum Roscoe
- ZO, Zingiber ottensii Val.
- ZZ, Zingiber zerumpet L. Roscoe ex Sm.
- α-Glucosidase inhibitor
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitra Tunnisa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Didah Nur Faridah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ani Afriyanti
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dian Rosalina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Mohamad Ana Syabana
- Department of Food Technology and Center of Excellence for Local Food Innovation, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, Serang, Indonesia
| | - Noviyan Darmawan
- Halal Science Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Nancy Dewi Yuliana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Halal Science Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.
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Chemotaxonomic Identification of Key Taste and Nutritional Components in 'Shushanggan Apricot' Fruits by Widely Targeted Metabolomics. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123870. [PMID: 35744991 PMCID: PMC9227342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The chemotypic and the content variation in taste substances and nutrients in ‘Shushanggan apricot’ fruits were detected by UPLC-MS/MS. A total of 592 compounds were identified, of which sucrose contributed mainly to the sweet taste and malic acid and citric acid were important organic acids affecting sweet–sour taste. γ-linolenic acid, α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid were the dominant free fatty acids, and neochlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid were the predominant phenolic acids. Fruit taste was positively correlated with sucrose and negatively correlated with malic acid and citric acid. The differential metabolites were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of amino acids and 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism pathways, regulating the sugar and organic acid biosynthesis. Taste and nutrient differences could be revealed by variations in composition and abundance of carbohydrates, organic acids and amino acids. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive chemical characterization of taste and nutrient compounds in ‘Shushanggan apricot’ fruits.
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Zheng T, Han J, Su KX, Sun BY, Liu SM. Regulation mechanisms of flavonoids biosynthesis of Hancheng Dahongpao peels (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim) at different development stages by integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:251. [PMID: 35596133 PMCID: PMC9123719 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03642-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids have strong free radical scavenging and antioxidant capacity. The high abundance of flavonoids in Chinese prickly ash peels have many benefits to human health. In this study, 'Hancheng Dahongpao', a main cultivar, was taken as materials to investigate the flavonoids biosynthesis mechanism of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim at three key development stages by integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis. RESULTS A total of 19 differentially accumulated metabolites were identified, the key flavonoids compounds were kaempferol, quercetin and their glycoside derivatives, and two major anthocyanins (peonidin O-hexoside and peonidin 3-O-glucoside). 5 gene networks/modules including 15 important candidate genes were identified, which was highly correlated with flavonoids. Among these genes, ZM-163828 and ZM-184209 were strongly correlated with kaempferol and quercetin, and ZM-125833 and ZM-97481 were controlled the anthocyanins biosynthesis. Moreover, it was shown that MYB-ZM1, MYB-ZM3, MYB-ZM5, MYB-ZM6 and MYB-ZM7 coordinately controlled flavonoids accumulation through regulating the structural genes. CONCLUSIONS Generally, this study systematically revealed the flavonoids metabolic pathways and candidate genes involved in flavonoids biosynthesis and laid a foundation for the potential targets for the breeding of new valuable Chinese prickly ash cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Science, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jun Han
- Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Xunhua Salar autonomous county, Xunhua, 811100, China.
| | - Ke-Xing Su
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Science, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Bing-Yin Sun
- Yangling Vocational &Technical College, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shu-Ming Liu
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Science, Yangling, 712100, China.
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