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Cokdinleyen M, Alvarez-Rivera G, Tejera JLG, Mendiola JA, Valdés A, Kara H, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A. Tetraselmis chuii Edible Microalga as a New Source of Neuroprotective Compounds Obtained Using Fast Biosolvent Extraction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3897. [PMID: 38612712 PMCID: PMC11011474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetraselmis chuii is an EFSA-approved novel food and dietary supplement with increasing use in nutraceutical production worldwide. This study investigated the neuroprotective potential of bioactive compounds extracted from T. chuii using green biobased solvents (ethyl acetate, AcOEt, and cyclopentyl methyl ether, CPME) under pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) conditions and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Response surface optimization was used to study the effect of temperature and solvent composition on the neuroprotective properties of the PLE extracts, including anticholinergic activity, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) scavenging capacity, and anti-inflammatory activity. Optimized extraction conditions of 40 °C and 34.9% AcOEt in CPME resulted in extracts with high anticholinergic and ROS/RNS scavenging capacity, while operation at 180 °C and 54.1% AcOEt in CPME yielded extracts with potent anti-inflammatory properties using only 20 min. Chemical characterization revealed the presence of carotenoids (neoxanthin, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, α- and β-carotene) known for their anti-cholinesterase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential. The extracts also exhibited high levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with a favorable ω-3/ω-6 ratio (>7), contributing to their neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, the extracts were found to be safe to use, as cytotoxicity assays showed no observed toxicity in HK-2 and THP-1 cell lines at or below a concentration of 40 μg mL-1. These results highlight the neuroprotective potential of Tetraselmis chuii extracts, making them valuable in the field of nutraceutical production and emphasize the interest of studying new green solvents as alternatives to conventional toxic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Cokdinleyen
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC—UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain (E.I.)
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Selçuk University, Ardıçlı, İsmetpaşa Cad, Selçuklu, 42250 Konya, Turkey
| | - Gerardo Alvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC—UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain (E.I.)
| | - Jose Luis González Tejera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC—UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain (E.I.)
| | - José A. Mendiola
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC—UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain (E.I.)
| | - Alberto Valdés
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC—UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain (E.I.)
| | - Huseyin Kara
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Selçuk University, Ardıçlı, İsmetpaşa Cad, Selçuklu, 42250 Konya, Turkey
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC—UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain (E.I.)
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC—UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain (E.I.)
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Singh J, Kaur HP, Verma A, Chahal AS, Jajoria K, Rasane P, Kaur S, Kaur J, Gunjal M, Ercisli S, Choudhary R, Bozhuyuk MR, Sakar E, Karatas N, Durul MS. Pomegranate Peel Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Properties, Methods of Extraction, and Its Application: A Comprehensive Review. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35452-35469. [PMID: 37810640 PMCID: PMC10551920 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate peel, derived from the processing of Punica granatum L. (pomegranate), has traditionally been considered agricultural waste. However, recent studies have revealed its potential as a rich source of bioactive compounds with diverse pharmacological effects. Pomegranate peel is a rich reservoir of antioxidants, polyphenols, dietary fiber, and vitamins, which contribute to its remarkable bioactivity. Studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, wound healing, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties of pomegranate peel owing to the presence of phytochemicals, such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, and punicalagin. The extraction of bioactive compounds from pomegranate peel requires a careful selection of techniques to maximize the yield and quality. Green extraction methods, including pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), offer efficient and sustainable alternatives to traditional methods. Furthermore, pomegranate peel has been utilized in the food industry, where it can significantly enhance the nutritional value, organoleptic characteristics, and shelf life of food products. Pomegranate peel has the potential to be used to develop innovative functional foods, nutraceuticals, and other value-added products, providing new opportunities for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Singh
- Department
of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Hamita Preet Kaur
- Department
of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Anjali Verma
- Department
of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Arshminder Singh Chahal
- Department
of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Kaushal Jajoria
- Department
of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Prasad Rasane
- Department
of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Sawinder Kaur
- Department
of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department
of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Mahendra Gunjal
- Department
of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department
of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
- HGF
Agro, ATA Teknokent, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ravish Choudhary
- Division
of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR-Indian
Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | - Ebru Sakar
- Department
of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, 63290 Sanliurfa, Türkiye
| | - Neva Karatas
- Department
of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
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Ferreira RS, Ribeiro PR, Silva JHCE, Hoppe JB, de Almeida MMA, de Lima Ferreira BC, Andrade GB, de Souza SB, Ferdandez LG, de Fátima Dias Costa M, Salbego CG, Rivera AD, Longoni A, de Assis AM, Pieropan F, Moreira JCF, Costa SL, Butt AM, da Silva VDA. Amburana cearensis seed extract stimulates astrocyte glutamate homeostatic mechanisms in hippocampal brain slices and protects oligodendrocytes against ischemia. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:154. [PMID: 37170258 PMCID: PMC10173544 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. A major factor in brain damage following ischemia is excitotoxicity caused by elevated levels of the neurotransmitter glutamate. In the brain, glutamate homeostasis is a primary function of astrocytes. Amburana cearensis has long been used in folk medicine and seed extract obtained with dichloromethane (EDAC) have previously been shown to exhibit cytoprotective activity in vitro. The aim of the present study was to analyse the activity of EDAC in hippocampal brain slices. METHODS We prepared a dichloromethane extract (EDAC) from A. cearensis seeds and characterized the chemical constituents by 1H and 13C-NMR. Hippocampal slices from P6-8 or P90 Wistar rats were used for cell viability assay or glutamate uptake test. Hippocampal slices from P10-12 transgenic mice SOX10-EGFP and GFAP-EGFP and immunofluorescence for GS, GLAST and GLT1 were used to study oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. RESULTS Astrocytes play a critical role in glutamate homeostasis and we provide immunohistochemical evidence that in excitotoxicity EDAC increased expression of glutamate transporters and glutamine synthetase, which is essential for detoxifying glutamate. Next, we directly examined astrocytes using transgenic mice in which glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) drives expression of enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) and show that glutamate excitotoxicity caused a decrease in GFAP-EGFP and that EDAC protected against this loss. This was examined further in the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model of ischemia, where EDAC caused an increase in astrocytic process branching, resulting in an increase in GFAP-EGFP. Using SOX10-EGFP reporter mice, we show that the acute response of oligodendrocytes to OGD in hippocampal slices is a marked loss of their processes and EDAC protected oligodendrocytes against this damage. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that EDAC is cytoprotective against ischemia and glutamate excitotoxicity by modulating astrocyte responses and stimulating their glutamate homeostatic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Short Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-902, Brazil
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Paulo Roberto Ribeiro
- Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Juliana Helena Castro E Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-902, Brazil
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Juliana Bender Hoppe
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Monique Marylin Alves de Almeida
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-902, Brazil
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Beatriz Correia de Lima Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-902, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Borges Andrade
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-902, Brazil
| | - Suzana Braga de Souza
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-902, Brazil
| | - Luzimar Gonzaga Ferdandez
- Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioproducts Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Dias Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-902, Brazil
| | - Christianne Gazzana Salbego
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andrea Domenico Rivera
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Aline Longoni
- Health Sciences Centre, Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behaviour, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Adriano Martimbianco de Assis
- Health Sciences Centre, Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behaviour, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Francesca Pieropan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-902, Brazil.
| | - Arthur Morgan Butt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK.
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-902, Brazil.
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK.
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Sánchez-Martínez JD, Garcia AR, Alvarez-Rivera G, Valdés A, Brito MA, Cifuentes A. In Vitro Study of the Blood-Brain Barrier Transport of Natural Compounds Recovered from Agrifood By-Products and Microalgae. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010533. [PMID: 36613976 PMCID: PMC9820279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrifood by-products and microalgae represent a low-cost and valuable source of bioactive compounds with neuroprotective properties. However, the neuroprotective effectiveness of therapeutic molecules can be limited by their capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reach the brain. In this research, various green extracts from Robinia pseudoacacia (ASFE), Cyphomandra betacea (T33), Coffea arabica (PPC1), Olea europaea L., (OL-SS), Citrus sinensis (PLE100) by-products and from the microalgae Dunaliella salina (DS) that have demonstrated in vitro neuroprotective potential were submitted to an in vitro BBB permeability and transport assay based on an immortalized human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) model. Toxicity and BBB integrity tests were performed, and the transport of target bioactive molecules across the BBB were evaluated after 2 and 4 h of incubation using gas and liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/LC-Q-TOF-MS). The HBMEC-BBB transport assay revealed a high permeability of representative neuroprotective compounds, such as mono- and sesquiterpenoids, phytosterols and some phenolic compounds. The obtained results from the proposed in vitro BBB cellular model provide further evidence of the neuroprotective potential of the target natural extracts, which represent a promising source of functional ingredients to be transferred into food supplements, food additives, or nutraceuticals with scientifically supported neuroprotective claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- José David Sánchez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, UAM-CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Rita Garcia
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gerardo Alvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, UAM-CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Valdés
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, UAM-CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Alexandra Brito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.A.B.); (A.C.); Tel.: +351-217946449 (M.A.B.); Tel.: +34-910017955 (A.C.)
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, UAM-CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.B.); (A.C.); Tel.: +351-217946449 (M.A.B.); Tel.: +34-910017955 (A.C.)
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Chacon FT, Raup-Konsavage WM, Vrana KE, Kellogg JJ. Secondary Terpenes in Cannabis sativa L.: Synthesis and Synergy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123142. [PMID: 36551898 PMCID: PMC9775512 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis is a complex biosynthetic plant, with a long history of medicinal use. While cannabinoids have received the majority of the attention for their psychoactive and pharmacological activities, cannabis produces a diverse array of phytochemicals, such as terpenes. These compounds are known to play a role in the aroma and flavor of cannabis but are potent biologically active molecules that exert effects on infectious as well as chronic diseases. Furthermore, terpenes have the potential to play important roles, such as synergistic and/or entourage compounds that modulate the activity of the cannabinoids. This review highlights the diversity and bioactivities of terpenes in cannabis, especially minor or secondary terpenes that are less concentrated in cannabis on a by-mass basis. We also explore the question of the entourage effect in cannabis, which studies to date have supported or refuted the concept of synergy in cannabis, and where synergy experimentation is headed, to better understand the interplay between phytochemicals within Cannabis sativa L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco T. Chacon
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | | | - Kent E. Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Joshua J. Kellogg
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-814-865-2887
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Neuroprotective Potential of Thinned Peaches Extracts Obtained by Pressurized Liquid Extraction after Different Drying Processes. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162464. [PMID: 36010464 PMCID: PMC9407205 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic, environmental and nutritional factors are suggested as primary factors of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and secondary metabolites such as polyphenols present in thinned peaches are considered as good candidates for AD prevention. Thinned peaches are usually dried to avoid putrefaction, but the effects of the drying method and the extraction process on the polyphenol composition and the neuroprotective potential have never been addressed. In this work, a pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) method was optimized and applied to thinned peaches dried under different conditions, and their neuroprotective potential was evaluated in vitro. In addition, the PLE extracts were characterized via HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, and a permeability assay was performed to evaluate the ability of the identified metabolites to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The PLE extracts obtained from freeze-dried (FD) samples with 50% ethanol in water at 180 °C showed the best neuroprotective potential. Finally, among the 81 metabolites identified, isoferulic acid, 4-methyldaphnetin, coniferyl aldehyde and 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone were found at higher concentrations in FD extracts. These metabolites are able to cross the BBB and are positively correlated with the neuroprotective potential, suggesting FD together with PLE extraction as the best combination to exploit the neuroprotective capacity of thinned peaches.
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Leyva-Jiménez FJ, Fernández-Ochoa Á, Cádiz-Gurrea MDLL, Lozano-Sánchez J, Oliver-Simancas R, Alañón ME, Castangia I, Segura-Carretero A, Arráez-Román D. Application of Response Surface Methodologies to Optimize High-Added Value Products Developments: Cosmetic Formulations as an Example. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081552. [PMID: 36009270 PMCID: PMC9404794 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, green and advanced extraction technologies have gained great interest to revalue several food by-products. This by-product revaluation is currently allowing the development of high value-added products, such as functional foods, nutraceuticals, or cosmeceuticals. Among the high valued-added products, cosmeceuticals are innovative cosmetic formulations which have incorporated bioactive natural ingredients providing multiple benefits on skin health. In this context, the extraction techniques are an important step during the elaboration of cosmetic ingredients since they represent the beginning of the formulation process and have a great influence on the quality of the final product. Indeed, these technologies are claimed as efficient methods to retrieve bioactive compounds from natural sources in terms of resource utilization, environmental impact, and costs. This review offers a summary of the most-used green and advanced methodologies to obtain cosmetic ingredients with the maximum performance of these extraction techniques. Response surface methodologies may be applied to enhance the optimization processes, providing a simple way to understand the extraction process as well as to reach the optimum conditions to increase the extraction efficiency. The combination of both assumes an economic improvement to attain high value products that may be applied to develop functional ingredients for cosmetics purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco-Javier Leyva-Jiménez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava 7, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), Area of Food Science, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.-J.L.-J.); (M.d.l.L.C.-G.)
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.-J.L.-J.); (M.d.l.L.C.-G.)
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Oliver-Simancas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava 7, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), Area of Food Science, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M. Elena Alañón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava 7, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), Area of Food Science, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ines Castangia
- Deparment of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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