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Phytochemical Composition, Antimicrobial, Anticancer Properties, and Antioxidant Potential of Green Husk from Several Walnut Varieties ( Juglans regia L.). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010052. [PMID: 36670914 PMCID: PMC9854983 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Husk powder was prepared from seven varieties of walnut fruit and their hulling rate, chemical compounds, and total phenolic contents were evaluated. The apolar and polar extracts were prepared, respectively, from hexane and a hydroethanolic solvent, while qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses were performed by GC/MS and UHPLC-PDA-HRMS/MS. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antitumor properties of green walnut husk were also evaluated. The total content of phenolic compounds varied between the varieties, ranging from 35.2 ± 0.9 to 58.0 ± 0.0 mg/g gallic acid equivalent of dry husk weight (dw). The apolar extract was found to contain alkanes, tocopherols, sterols, and fatty acids, including oleic, linoleic, and linolenic, while the polar extract showed the presence of phenolics including salicylate glucuronide, taxifolin, catechin, and quercetin isomers. The antioxidant power obtained by the PAOT (total antioxidant power) method for the husk powders ranged from 256.5 ± 5.9 to 746.8 ± 6.9 score/g dw, and seemed consistent with the total phenolic content and the results obtained by the classic antioxidant test with DPPH. The walnut husk also showed an antibacterial effect against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and cytotoxic potential against HepG2. Among the selected varieties, the green Saman had the highest antioxidant properties, while the Saman with a brown color had the lowest.
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Quinolone and isoquinolone alkaloids: the structural-electronic effects and the antioxidant mechanisms. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Kowalska I, Adach W, Stochmal A, Olas B. A comparison of the effects of apigenin and seven of its derivatives on selected biomarkers of oxidative stress and coagulation in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:111016. [PMID: 31805303 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin is a phenolic compound widely present in many fruits, vegetables and herbs. Its name originates from Apium: a genus of the Apiaceae. The aim of the present study was to determine the antioxidant or pro-oxidant properties of apigenin and seven of its derivatives, isolated from the aerial parts of barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum), in human plasma treated with a hydroxyl radical donor (OH•) in vitro. It also examines their influence on the parameters of coagulation. The compounds were found to demonstrate different effects on oxidative stress and coagulation which may be related to differences in their structure. In particular, apigenin 7-O-{2'-O-feruloyl-[β-D-glucuronopyranosyl(1 → 3)]-β-D- glucuronopyranosyl(1 → 2)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside} demonstrates both antioxidant and anticoagulant activities, and may offer the most promise for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders of all the phenolic compounds tested so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kowalska
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Weronika Adach
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-236, Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-236, Łódź, Poland.
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4
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Computational aspects of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: A review. Food Chem 2019; 297:124898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Son NT, Mai Thanh DT, Van Trang N. Flavone norartocarpetin and isoflavone 2′-hydroxygenistein: A spectroscopic study for structure, electronic property and antioxidant potential using DFT (Density functional theory). J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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DFT Studies on the Antioxidant Activity of Naringenin and Its Derivatives: Effects of the Substituents at C3. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061450. [PMID: 30909377 PMCID: PMC6470621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The radical scavenging activity of a flavonoid is largely influenced by its structure. The effects of the substituents at C3 position on the antioxidant activity of naringenin were carried out using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The reaction enthalpies related with the three well-established mechanisms were analyzed. Excellent correlations were found between the reaction enthalpies and Hammett sigma constants. Equations obtained from the linear regression can be helpful in the selection of suitable candidates for the synthesis of novel naringenin derivatives with enhanced antioxidant properties. In the gas and benzene phases, the antioxidant activity of naringenin was enhanced by the electron-donating substituents via weakening the bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE). In the water phase, it was strengthened by electron-withdrawing groups—via lowering the proton affinity (PA). The electronic effect of the substituent on the BDE of naringenin is mainly governed by the resonance effect, while that on the ionization potential (IP) and PA of naringenin is mainly controlled by the field/inductive effect.
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Zheng YZ, Deng G, Guo R, Chen DF, Fu ZM. Substituent Effects on the Radical Scavenging Activity of Isoflavonoid. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020397. [PMID: 30669260 PMCID: PMC6359201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the role of substituents is of great importance for the preparation of novel phenolic compounds with enhanced antioxidative properties. In this work, the antioxidative activity of isoflavonoid derivatives with different substituents placed at the C2 position was determined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), ionization potential (IP), and proton affinity (PA) related to hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single electron transfer-proton transfer (SET-PT), and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) mechanisms were calculated. The strongest antioxidative group of isoflavonoid is not altered by the substituents. Excellent correlations were found between the BDE/IP/PA and Hammett sigma constants. Equations obtained from linear regression can be useful in the selection of suitable candidates for the synthesis of novel isoflavonoids derivatives with enhanced antioxidative properties. In the gas and benzene phases, the electron-donating substituents would enhance the antioxidative activity of isoflavonoids via weakening the BDE of 4′−OH. In water phase, they will reduce the antioxidative by strengthening the PA of 7−OH. Contrary results occur for the electron-withdrawing groups. In addition, the electronic effects of substituents on the BDE/IP/PA have also been analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhen Zheng
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Geng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Rui Guo
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Da-Fu Chen
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhong-Min Fu
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Fási L, Di Meo F, Kuo CY, Stojkovic Buric S, Martins A, Kúsz N, Béni Z, Dékány M, Balogh GT, Pesic M, Wang HC, Trouillas P, Hunyadi A. Antioxidant-Inspired Drug Discovery: Antitumor Metabolite Is Formed in Situ from a Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivative upon Free-Radical Scavenging. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1657-1668. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Florent Di Meo
- INSERM UMR 1248 IPPRITT, Université Limoges, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Ching-Ying Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd. 100, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sonja Stojkovic Buric
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Martins
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | - Milica Pesic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Hui-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd. 100, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Patrick Trouillas
- INSERM UMR 1248 IPPRITT, Université Limoges, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, F-87000 Limoges, France
- RCPTM, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University, tr. 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Homogenization-assisted cavitation hybrid rotation extraction and macroporous resin enrichment of dihydroquercetin from Larix gmelinii. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1070:62-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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AbouZid SF, Ahmed HS, Moawad AS, Owis AI, Chen SN, Nachtergael A, McAlpine JB, Brent Friesen J, Pauli GF. Chemotaxonomic and biosynthetic relationships between flavonolignans produced by Silybum marianum populations. Fitoterapia 2017; 119:175-184. [PMID: 28392269 PMCID: PMC5532885 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Flavonolignans constitute an important class of plant secondary metabolites formed by oxidative coupling of one flavonoid and one phenylpropanoid moiety. The standardized flavonolignan-rich extract prepared from the fruits of Silybum marianum is known as silymarin and has long been used medicinally, prominently as an antihepatotoxic and as a chemopreventive agent. Principal component analysis of the variation in flavonolignan content in S. marianum samples collected from different locations in Egypt revealed biosynthetic relationships between the flavonolignans. Silybin A, silybin B, and silychristin are positively correlated as are silydianin, isosilychristin, and isosilybin B. The detection of silyamandin in the extracts of S. marianum correlates with isosilychristin and silydianin content. The positive correlation between silydianin, isosilychristin, and silyamandin was demonstrated using quantitative 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qHNMR). These correlations can be interpreted as evidence for the involvement of a flavonoid radical in the biosynthesis of the flavonolignans in S. marianum. The predominance of silybins A & B over isosilybin A & B in the silybin-rich samples is discussed in light of the relative stabilities of their respective radical flavonoid biosynthetic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh F AbouZid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62111, Egypt.
| | - Hayam S Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62111, Egypt
| | - Abeer S Moawad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62111, Egypt
| | - Asmaa I Owis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62111, Egypt
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., M/C 781, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., M/C 781, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Amandine Nachtergael
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., M/C 781, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - James B McAlpine
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., M/C 781, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - J Brent Friesen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., M/C 781, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Physical Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, 7900 West Division Street, River Forest, IL 60305, United States
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., M/C 781, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., M/C 781, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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11
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Marković Z, Jeremić S, Dimitrić Marković J, Stanojević Pirković M, Amić D. Influence of structural characteristics of substituents on the antioxidant activity of some anthraquinone derivatives. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Di Meo F, Bayach I, Trouillas P, Sancho-García JC. Unraveling the performance of dispersion-corrected functionals for the accurate description of weakly bound natural polyphenols. J Mol Model 2015; 21:291. [PMID: 26499498 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Long-range non-covalent interactions play a key role in the chemistry of natural polyphenols. We have previously proposed a description of supramolecular polyphenol complexes by the B3P86 density functional coupled with some corrections for dispersion. We couple here the B3P86 functional with the D3 correction for dispersion, assessing systematically the accuracy of the new B3P86-D3 model using for that the well-known S66, HB23, NCCE31, and S12L datasets for non-covalent interactions. Furthermore, the association energies of these complexes were carefully compared to those obtained by other dispersion-corrected functionals, such as B(3)LYP-D3, BP86-D3 or B3P86-NL. Finally, this set of models were also applied to a database composed of seven non-covalent polyphenol complexes of the most interest. Graphical abstract Weakly bound natural polyphenolsᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Di Meo
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Imene Bayach
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, F-87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Trouillas
- INSERM UMR 850, Univ. Limoges, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, F-87025, Limoges, France
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University of Olomouc, tr. 17 listopadu, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Juan-Carlos Sancho-García
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado de Correos 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain
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Fabre G, Hänchen A, Calliste CA, Berka K, Banala S, Otyepka M, Süssmuth RD, Trouillas P. Lipocarbazole, an efficient lipid peroxidation inhibitor anchored in the membrane. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4866-4870. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Trouillas P, Di Meo F, Gierschner J, Linares M, Sancho-García JC, Otyepka M. Optical properties of wine pigments: theoretical guidelines with new methodological perspectives. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Flavonoids as a scaffold for development of novel anti-angiogenic agents: An experimental and computational enquiry. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 577-578:35-48. [PMID: 25937258 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Relationship between structural diversity and biological activities of flavonoids has remained an important discourse in the mainstream of flavonoid research. In the current study anti-angiogenic, cytotoxic, antioxidant and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activities of diverse class of flavonoids including hydroxyl and methoxy substituted flavones, flavonones and flavonols have been evaluated in the light of developing flavonoids as a potential scaffold for designing novel anti-antiangiogenic agents. We demonstrate anti-angiogenic potential of flavonoids using in vivo chorioallantoic membrane model (CAM) and further elaborate the possible structural reasoning behind observed anti-angiogenic effect using in silico methods. Additionally, we report antioxidant potential and kinetics of free radical scavenging activity using DPPH and SOR scavenging assays. Current study indicates that selected flavonoids possess considerable COX inhibition potential. Furthermore, we describe cytotoxicity of flavonoids against selected cancer cell lines using MTT cell viability assay. Structural analysis of in silico docking poses and predicted binding free energy values are not only in accordance with the experimental anti-angiogenic CAM values from this study but also are in agreement with the previously reported literature on crystallographic data concerning EGFR and VEGFR inhibition.
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She T, Qu L, Wang L, Yang X, Xu S, Feng J, Gao Y, Zhao C, Han Y, Cai S, Shou C. Sarsaparilla (Smilax Glabra Rhizome) Extract Inhibits Cancer Cell Growth by S Phase Arrest, Apoptosis, and Autophagy via Redox-Dependent ERK1/2 Pathway. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:464-74. [PMID: 25732255 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian She
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Like Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Lixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junnan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Gao
- Key laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chuanke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Han
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengchao Shou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
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Ma C, Yang L, Li W, Yue J, Li J, Zu Y. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of arabinogalactan and dihydroquercetin simultaneously from Larix gmelinii as a pretreatment for pulping and papermaking. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114105. [PMID: 25460911 PMCID: PMC4252091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method using ethanol was applied for extracting arabinogalactan (AG) and dihydroquercetin (DHQ) simultaneously from larch wood, as a pretreatment for pulping and papermaking. The extraction parameters were optimized by a Box-Behnken experimental design with the yields of AG and DHQ as the response values. Under optimum conditions (three extractions, each using 40% ethanol, for 50 min, 200 W ultrasound power and 1∶18 solid-liquid ratio), the yields of AG and DHQ were 183.4 and 36.76 mg/g, respectively. After UAE pretreated, the wood chips were used for Kraft pulping (KP) and high boiling solvent pulping (HBSP). The pulping yield after pretreatment was higher than that of untreated (the pulping yields of untreated HBSP and KP were 42.37% and 39.60%, and the pulping yields of HBSP and KP after UAE-pretreated were 44.23% and 41.50% respectively), as indicated by a lower kappa number (77.91 and 27.30 for untreated HBSP and KP; 77.01 and 26.83 for UAE-pretreated HBSP and KP). Furthermore, the characteristics of paper produced from pretreated wood chips were superior to those from the untreated chips: the basis weight was lower (85.67 and 82.48 g·cm(-2) for paper from untreated KP and HBSP; 79.94 and 80.25 g·cm(-2) for paper from UAE-pretreated KP and HBSP), and the tensile strengths, tearing strengths, bursting strengths, and folding strengths were higher than these of paper after UAE-pretreated, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Ma
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Jinquan Yue
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Yuangang Zu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, China
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Makarova K, Łastawska K, Wagner D, Wawer I. ESR study of spin trapping in Fenton media in the presence of taxifolin. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Trabolsy ZBKA, Anouar EH, Zakaria NSS, Zulkeflee M, Hasan MH, Zin MM, Ahmad R, Sultan S, Weber JFF. Antioxidant activity, NMR, X-ray, ECD and UV/vis spectra of (+)-terrein: Experimental and theoretical approaches. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Characterization and density functional theory study of the antioxidant activity of quercetin and its sugar-containing analogues. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-2091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Todorova T, Traykov M, Tadjer A, Velkov Z. Structure of flavones and flavonols. Part I: Role of substituents on the planarity of the system. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Di Meo F, Steel M, Nicolas P, Marquet P, Duroux JL, Trouillas P. Acylglucuronide in alkaline conditions: migration vs. hydrolysis. J Mol Model 2013; 19:2423-32. [PMID: 23420401 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This work rationalizes the glucuronidation process (one of the reactions of the phase II metabolism) for drugs having a carboxylic acid moiety. At this stage, acylglucuronides (AG) metabolites are produced, that have largely been reported in the literature for various drugs (e.g., mycophenolic acid (MPA), diclofenac, ibuprofen, phenylacetic acids). The competition between migration and hydrolysis is rationalized by adequate quantum calculations, combing MP2 and density functional theory (DFT) methods. At the molecular scale, the former process is a real rotation of the drug around the glucuconic acid. This chemical-engine provides four different metabolites with various toxicities. Migration definitely appears feasible under alkaline conditions, making proton release from the OH groups. The latter reaction (hydrolysis) releases the free drug, so the competition is of crucial importance to tackle drug action and elimination. From the theoretical data, both migration and hydrolysis appear kinetically and thermodynamically favored, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Di Meo
- School of Pharmacy, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
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Why is quercetin a better antioxidant than taxifolin? Theoretical study of mechanisms involving activated forms. J Mol Model 2013; 19:2165-72. [PMID: 23283546 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The stronger antioxidant capacity of the flavonoid quercetin (Q) compared with taxifolin (dihydroquercetin, T) has been the subject of previous experimental and theoretical studies. Theoretical work has focused on the analysis of hydrogen bond dissociation energies (BDE) of the OH phenolic groups, but consider mechanisms that only involve the transfer of one hydrogen atom. In the present work we consider other mechanisms involving a second hydrogen transfer in reactions with free radicals. The relative stability of the radicals formed after the first hydrogen transfer reaction is considered in discussing the antioxidant activity of Q and T. In terms of global and local theoretical reactivity descriptors, we propose that the radical arising from Q should be more persistent in the environment and with the capability to react with a second radical by hydrogen transfer, proton transfer and electron transfer mechanisms. These mechanisms could be responsible of the stronger antioxidant capacity of Q.
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Ma C, Yang L, Wang W, Yang F, Zhao C, Zu Y. Extraction of dihydroquercetin from Larix gmelinii with ultrasound-assisted and microwave-assisted alternant digestion. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:8789-8804. [PMID: 22942735 PMCID: PMC3430266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13078789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An ultrasound and microwave assisted alternant extraction method (UMAE) was applied for extracting dihydroquercetin (DHQ) from Larix gmelinii wood. This investigation was conducted using 60% ethanol as solvent, 1:12 solid to liquid ratio, and 3 h soaking time. The optimum treatment time was ultrasound 40 min, microwave 20 min, respectively, and the extraction was performed once. Under the optimized conditions, satisfactory extraction yield of the target analyte was obtained. Relative to ultrasound-assisted or microwave-assisted method, the proposed approach provides higher extraction yield. The effect of DHQ of different concentrations and synthetic antioxidants on oxidative stability in soy bean oil stored for 20 days at different temperatures (25 °C and 60 °C) was compared. DHQ was more effective in restraining soy bean oil oxidation, and a dose-response relationship was observed. The antioxidant activity of DHQ was a little stronger than that of BHA and BHT. Soy bean oil supplemented with 0.08 mg/g DHQ exhibited favorable antioxidant effects and is preferable for effectively avoiding oxidation. The L. gmelinii wood samples before and after extraction were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the UMAE method is a simple and efficient technique for sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenjie Wang
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (W.W.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-451-8219-1387 (Y.Z.); Fax: +86-451-8210-2082 (Y.Z.)
| | | | | | - Yuangang Zu
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (W.W.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-451-8219-1387 (Y.Z.); Fax: +86-451-8210-2082 (Y.Z.)
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Micronization of taxifolin by supercritical antisolvent process and evaluation of radical scavenging activity. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:8869-8881. [PMID: 22942740 PMCID: PMC3430271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13078869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare micronized taxifolin powder using the supercritical antisolvent precipitation process to improve the dissolution rate of taxifolin. Ethanol was used as solvent and carbon dioxide was used as an antisolvent. The effects of process parameters, such as temperature (35–65 °C), pressure (10–25 MPa), solution flow rate (3–6 mL/min) and concentration of the liquid solution (5–20 mg/mL) on the precipitate crystals were investigated. With a lower temperature, a stronger pressure and a lower concentration of the liquid solution, the size of crystals decreased. The precipitation temperature, pressure and concentration of taxifolin solution had a significant effect. However, the solution flow rate had a negligible effect. It was concluded that the physicochemical properties and dissolution rate of crystalline taxifolin could be improved by physical modification such as particle size reduction using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process. Further, the SAS process was a powerful methodology for improving the physicochemical properties and radical scavenging activity of taxifolin.
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Di Meo F, Sancho Garcia JC, Dangles O, Trouillas P. Highlights on Anthocyanin Pigmentation and Copigmentation: A Matter of Flavonoid π-Stacking Complexation To Be Described by DFT-D. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 8:2034-43. [PMID: 26593835 DOI: 10.1021/ct300276p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanidins are a class of π-conjugated systems responsible for red, blue, and purple colors of plants. They exhibit the capacity of aggregation in the presence of other natural compounds including flavonols. Such complexations induce color modulation in plants, which is known as copigmentation. It is largely driven by π-interactions existing between pigments and copigments. In this work, the energies of copigmentation-complexation and self-association are systematically evaluated for an anthocyanidin/flavonol couple prototype (3-O-methylcyanidin/quercetin). To describe noncovalent interactions, DFT-D appears mandatory to reach a large accuracy. Due to the chemical complexity of this phenomenon, we also aim at assessing the relevance of both B3P86-D2 and ωB97X-D functionals. The benchmarking has shown that B3P86-D2 possesses enough accuracy when dealing with π-π interactions with respect to both spin component scaled Møller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory post Hartree-Fock method and experimental data. UV-vis absorption properties are then evaluated with time-dependent DFT for the different complexes. The use of range-separated hybrid functionals, such as ωB97X-D, helped to correctly disentangle and interpret the origin of the UV-vis experimental shifts attributed to the subtle copigmentation phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Di Meo
- Université de Limoges , LCSN-EA 1069, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, F-87025 Limoges, France
| | | | - Olivier Dangles
- University of Avignon , INRA, UMR408, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Patrick Trouillas
- Université de Limoges , LCSN-EA 1069, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, F-87025 Limoges, France.,Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons , Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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Ajitha MJ, Mohanlal S, Suresh CH, Jayalekshmy A. DPPH radical scavenging activity of tricin and its conjugates isolated from "Njavara" rice bran: a density functional theory study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:3693-3699. [PMID: 22397636 DOI: 10.1021/jf204826e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Structural, electronic, and energetic characteristics of tricin, tricin-4'-O-(erythro-β-guaiacylglyceryl)ether (TEGE), and tricin-4'-O-(threo-β-guaiacylglyceryl)ether (TTGE), isolated from "Njavara" rice bran have been studied using DFT to explain their experimentally determined radical scavenging activity (EC(50) values) in comparison with known standards such as quercetin, myricetin, and catechin. Among the three mechanisms proposed for explaining the antioxidant activity, proton coupled-electron transfer (PC-ET), sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET), and electron transfer-proton transfer (ET-PT), our results support the second one. The O-H bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) and the spin density on the oxygen with the radical character are excellent descriptors of radical scavenging activity. BDE (in kcal/mol) increased in the order myricetin (74.6) < quercetin (78.1) < catechin (78.3) < tricin (81.5) < TTGE (90.6) < TEGE (91.1), while the EC(50) increased exponentially with increase in BDE, 20.51, 42.98, 45.07, 90.39, 208.01, and 352.04 μg/mL for myricetin, quercetin, catechin, tricin, TTGE, and TEGE, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjaly J Ajitha
- Computational Modeling and Simulation Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), CSIR, Trivandrum, India
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Vrba J, Kren V, Vacek J, Papouskova B, Ulrichova J. Quercetin, quercetin glycosides and taxifolin differ in their ability to induce AhR activation and CYP1A1 expression in HepG2 cells. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1746-52. [PMID: 22422552 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The natural flavonoid quercetin is a low affinity ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a transcription factor regulating the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A enzymes. This study examined the ability of quercetin, isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-O-glucoside), rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) and taxifolin (dihydroquercetin) to activate AhR and to induce CYP1A1 expression in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Gene reporter assays showed that quercetin significantly activated AhR and triggered CYP1A1 transcription after 24 h exposure. These effects were, however, much lower than those of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, a prototypical AhR ligand. Quercetin also induced a significant increase in CYP1A1 mRNA levels together with a moderate increase in the level of CYP1A1 activity. In contrast, isoquercitrin and rutin had negligible effects on AhR activity and CYP1A1 expression. Taxifolin at the highest concentration tested (50 µm) produced a mild non-significant increase in AhR activity and CYP1A1 transcription. Taxifolin also significantly increased CYP1A1 mRNA expression, but this effect was approximately 15 times weaker than that of quercetin and was not accompanied by induction of CYP1A1 activity. It is concluded that quercetin, but not its 3-O-glycosides isoquercitrin and rutin, induces AhR activation and CYP1A1 expression in HepG2 cells and that the CYP1A1-inducing activity of taxifolin has a low toxicological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Vrba
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc, 77515, Czech Republic.
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Cottyn B, Kollmann A, Waffo‐Teguo P, Ducrot P. Rationalization and In Vitro Modeling of the Chemical Mechanisms of the Enzymatic Oxidation of Phenolic Compounds in Planta: From Flavonols and Stilbenoids to Lignins. Chemistry 2011; 17:7282-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Betty Cottyn
- UMR1318 Inra/AgroParisTech, IJPB, Route de Saint‐Cyr 78026 Versailles Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 130‐83‐31‐19
| | - Albert Kollmann
- UMR1318 Inra/AgroParisTech, IJPB, Route de Saint‐Cyr 78026 Versailles Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 130‐83‐31‐19
| | - Pierre Waffo‐Teguo
- Groupe d'Etude des Substances Végétales à Activité Biologique, Université de Bordeaux 2, 210 chemin de Leysotte cs 50008, F‐33882 Villenave d'Ornon (France)
| | - Paul‐Henri Ducrot
- UMR1318 Inra/AgroParisTech, IJPB, Route de Saint‐Cyr 78026 Versailles Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 130‐83‐31‐19
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Bernini R, Crisante F, Gentili P, Morana F, Pierini M, Piras M. Chemoselective C-4 aerobic oxidation of catechin derivatives catalyzed by the Trametes villosa laccase/1-hydroxybenzotriazole system: synthetic and mechanistic aspects. J Org Chem 2011; 76:820-32. [PMID: 21204551 DOI: 10.1021/jo101886s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Catechin derivatives were oxidized in air in the presence of the Trametes villosa laccase/1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) system in buffered water/1,4-dioxane as reaction medium. The oxidation products, flavan-3,4-diols and the corresponding C-4 ketones, are bioactive compounds and useful intermediates for the hemisynthesis of proanthocyanidins, plant polyphenols which provide beneficial health properties for humans. Determinations of oxidation potentials excluded that catechin derivatives could be directly oxidized by laccase Cu(II), while it resulted in the H-abstraction from benzylic positions being promptly promoted by the enzyme in the presence of the mediator HBT, the parent species producing in situ the reactive intermediate benzotriazole-N-oxyl (BTNO) radical. A remarkable and unexpected result for the laccase/HBT oxidative system has been the chemoselective insertion of the oxygen atom into the C-4-H bond of catechin derivatives. Mechanistic aspects of the oxidation reaction have been investigated in detail for the first time in order to corroborate these results. Since the collected experimental findings could not alone provide information useful to clarify the origin of the observed chemoselectivity, these data were expressly supplemented with information derived by suitable molecular modeling investigations. The integrated evaluation of the dissociation energies of the C-H bonds calculated both by semiempirical and DFT methods and the differential activation energies of the process estimated by a molecular modeling approach suggested that the observed selective oxidation at the C-4 carbon has a kinetic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bernini
- Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
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Marković ZS, Manojlović NT. Analytical characterization of lichexanthone in lichen: HPLC, UV spectroscopic, and DFT analysis of lichexanthone extracted from Laurera benguelensis (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-010-0349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Enzymatic synthesis of oligoesculin: structure and biological activities characterizations. Eur Food Res Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-010-1298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Marković ZS, Mentus SV, Dimitrić Marković JM. Electrochemical and density functional theory study on the reactivity of fisetin and its radicals: implications on in vitro antioxidant activity. J Phys Chem A 2010; 113:14170-9. [PMID: 19954196 DOI: 10.1021/jp907071v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidative properties of naturally occurring flavon-3-ol, fisetin, were examined by both cyclic voltammetry and quantum-chemical based calculations. The three voltametrically detectable consecutive steps, reflected the fisetin molecular structure, catecholic structural unit in the ring B, C3-OH, and C7-OH groups in the rings C and A. Oxidation potential values, used as quantitative parameter in determining its oxidation capability, indicated good antioxidative properties found with this molecule. Oxidation of the C3'C4' dixydroxy moiety at the B ring occurred first at the lowest positive potentials. The first oxidation step induced fast intramolecular transformations in which the C3 hydroxy group disappeared and the product of this transformation participated in the second oxidation step. The highest potential of oxidation was attributed to the oxidation of C7 hydroxy group. The structural and electronic features of fisetin were investigated at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory. Particularly, the interest was focused on the C3' and C4'-OH sites in the B ring and on C3-OH site in the C ring. The calculated bond dissociation enthalpy values for all OH sites of fisetin clearly indicated the importance of the B ring and C3' and C4'-OH group. The importance of keto-enol tautomerism has also been considered. The analysis also included the Mulliken spin density distribution for the radicals formed after H removal on each OH site. The results showed the higher values of the BDE on the C7-OH and C3-OH sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran S Marković
- Department of Biochemical and Medical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadzića bb, Novi Pazar 36300, Republic of Serbia
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37
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Calliste C, Kozlowski D, Duroux J, Champavier Y, Chulia A, Trouillas P. A new antioxidant from wild nutmeg. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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DFT study on the reactivity of OH groups in emodin: structural and electronic features of emodin radicals. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-009-0192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Preparation of two sets of 5,6,7-trioxygenated dihydroflavonol derivatives as free radical scavengers and neuronal cell protectors to oxidative damage. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3414-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 03/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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41
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Tucker G, Robards K. Bioactivity and structure of biophenols as mediators of chronic diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2009; 48:929-66. [PMID: 18949595 DOI: 10.1080/10408390701761977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biophenols and their associated activity have generated intense interest. Current topics of debate are their bioavailability and bioactivity. It is generally assumed that their plasma concentrations are insufficient to produce the health benefits previously attributed to their consumption. However, data on localized in vivo concentrations are not available and many questions remain unanswered. Potential mechanisms by which they may exert significant bioactivity are discussed together with structure activity relationships. Biophenols are highly reactive species and they can react with a range of other compounds. Products of their reaction when functioning as antioxidants are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Tucker
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leics, UK
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Trouillas P, Marsal P, Svobodová A, Vostálová J, Gazák R, Hrbác J, Sedmera P, Kren V, Lazzaroni R, Duroux JL, Walterová D. Mechanism of the antioxidant action of silybin and 2,3-dehydrosilybin flavonolignans: a joint experimental and theoretical study. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:1054-63. [PMID: 18193843 DOI: 10.1021/jp075814h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Flavonolignans from silymarin, the standardized plant extract obtained from thistle, exhibit various antioxidant activities, which correlate with the other biological and therapeutic properties of that extract. To highlight the mode of action of flavonolignans as free radical scavengers and antioxidants, 10 flavonolignans, selectively methylated at different positions, were tested in vitro for their capacity to scavenge radicals (DPPH and superoxide) and to inhibit the lipid peroxidation induced on microsome membranes. The results are rationalized on the basis of (i) the oxidation potentials experimentally obtained by cyclic voltammetry and (ii) the theoretical redox properties obtained by quantum-chemical calculations (using a polarizable continuum model (PCM)-density functional theory (DFT) approach) of the ionization potentials and the O-H bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) of each OH group of the 10 compounds. We clearly establish the importance of the 3-OH and 20-OH groups as H donors, in the presence of the 2,3 double bond and the catechol moiety in the E-ring, respectively. For silybin derivatives (i.e., in the absence of the 2,3 double bond), secondary mechanisms (i.e., electron transfer (ET) mechanism and adduct formation with radicals) could become more important (or predominant) as the active sites for H atom transfer (HAT) mechanism are much less effective (high BDEs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Trouillas
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France.
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ETO M, MASUOKA C, YAMASAKI T, HARANO K, ONO M. Molecular Orbital Analysis of Antioxidative Activity of Phenolics from Tessaria integrifolia and Piper elongatum. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2008. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.14.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ghidouche S, Es-Safi N, Ducrot P. Trtametes versicolor Laccase Mediated Oxidation of Flavonoids. Influence of the Hydroxylation Pattern of Ring B of Flavonols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2007.630.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Es-Safi NE, Ghidouche S, Ducrot PH. Flavonoids: hemisynthesis, reactivity, characterization and free radical scavenging activity. Molecules 2007; 12:2228-58. [PMID: 17962740 PMCID: PMC6149145 DOI: 10.3390/12092228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds form one of the main classes of secondary metabolites. They display a large range of structures and they are responsible for the major organoleptic characteristics of plant-derived-foods and beverages, particularly color and taste properties and they also contribute to the nutritional qualities of fruits and vegetables. Phenolic compounds are also highly unstable compounds which undergo numerous enzymatic and chemical reactions during postharvest food storage and processing thus adding to the complexity of plant polyphenol composition. Among these compounds flavonoids constitute one of the most ubiquitous groups of all plant phenolics. Owing to their importance in food organoleptic properties and in human health, a better understanding of their structures, their reactivity and chemical properties in addition to the mechanisms generating them appears essential to predict and control food quality. The purpose of this work is an overview of our findings concerning the hemisynthesis, the reactivity and the enzymatic oxidation of some flavonoids and shed light on the mechanisms involved in some of these processes and the structures of the resulting products. The free radical scavenging activity of some of the synthesized compounds is also presented and a structure-activity relationship is discussed. The first part of this review concerns the synthesis and structural characterization of modified monomeric flavanols. The use of these compounds as precursor for the preparation of natural and modified dimeric procyanidin derivatives was then explored through different coupling reactions. The full characterization of the synthesized compounds was achieved by concerted use of NMR and ESI-MS techniques. The free radical scavenging activity of some of the synthesized compounds was investigated. The second part of this review concerns the enzymatic oxidation of several flavonols by Trametes versicolor laccase. Most of the major oxidation products have been isolated as pure compounds and their structures unambiguously established through spectroscopic methods. Correlation between the structure of the oxidation product and the substitution pattern of the starting materials allows mechanistic features of this transformation to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour-Eddine Es-Safi
- Unité de Phytopharmacie et Médiateurs Chimiques, INRA, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France; E-mails: (Guidouche); (Ducrot)
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et d’Etudes Physico-Chimiques, Pôle de Compétences Pharmacochimie. Ecole Normale Supérieure, B.P 5118 Takaddoum Rabat, Morocco
| | - Souhila Ghidouche
- Unité de Phytopharmacie et Médiateurs Chimiques, INRA, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France; E-mails: (Guidouche); (Ducrot)
| | - Paul Henri Ducrot
- Unité de Phytopharmacie et Médiateurs Chimiques, INRA, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France; E-mails: (Guidouche); (Ducrot)
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Kozlowski D, Marsal P, Steel M, Mokrini R, Duroux JL, Lazzaroni R, Trouillas P. Theoretical Investigation of the Formation of a New Series of Antioxidant Depsides from the Radiolysis of Flavonoid Compounds. Radiat Res 2007; 168:243-52. [PMID: 17638407 DOI: 10.1667/rr0824.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with the formation of a series of antioxidant depsides obtained from flavonoid solutions irradiated with gamma rays. These reactions take place in radiolyzed alcohol solutions, a medium that is very rich in many different highly reactive species and that hosts specific reactions. We focus on the first step of those reactions, i.e., reactivity of the solute (flavonoid) with the alkoxy radicals CH(3)O(*) and CH(3)CH(2)O(*) formed in methanol and ethanol, respectively, and their carbon-centered isomers: the 1-hydroxy-methyl ((*)CH(2)OH) and the 1-hydroxy-ethyl (CH(3)(*)CHOH) radicals. Among the different flavonoid groups of molecules, only flavonols are transformed. To establish the structure-reactivity relationship that explains why the radiolytic transformation occurs only for those compounds, the process is rationalized theoretically, with Density Functional Theory calculations, taking into account the solvent effects by a Polarizable Continuum Model and a microhydrated environment (one or two water molecules surrounding the active center). The first redox reaction, occurring between the flavonol and the reactive species formed upon irradiation of the solvent, is studied in terms of (1) the O-H bond dissociation enthalpy of each OH group of the flavonoids and (2) electron abstraction from the molecule. We conclude that the reaction, initiated preferentially by the alkoxy radicals, first occurs at the 3-OH group of the flavonol. It is then followed by the formation of a peroxyl radical (after molecular oxygen or superoxide addition). The different cascades of reactions, which lead to the formation of depsides via C-ring opening, are discussed on the basis of the corresponding calculated energetic schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kozlowski
- EA 4021 Biomolécules et thérapies anti-tumorales, Université de Limoges, France
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Kozlowski D, Trouillas P, Calliste C, Marsal P, Lazzaroni R, Duroux JL. Density Functional Theory Study of the Conformational, Electronic, and Antioxidant Properties of Natural Chalcones. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:1138-45. [PMID: 17253666 DOI: 10.1021/jp066496+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chalcones are natural compounds that are largely distributed in plants, fruits, and vegetables. They belong to the flavonoid group of molecules, and some of them exhibit numerous biological activities. The results of quantum chemical calculations (based on density functional theory, using the B3P86 exchange-correlation potential) are reported for 11 chalcones, in the gas phase and in the presence of an implicit solvent (using the conductor-like polarizable continuum model, C-PCM). These results are discussed in regard to the capacity of these chalcones to scavenge the 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycril-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The O-H bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) parameter, which is calculated for each OH group, seems to be the best indicator of the anti-radical property of these compounds. This demonstrates the importance of the H atom transfer mechanism to explain their capacity to scavenge the free radicals. The active sites are identified as the 6'-OH group and the 3,4-dihydroxy-catechol. The alpha,beta-double bond is influential in determining the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kozlowski
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
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A DFT study of the reactivity of OH groups in quercetin and taxifolin antioxidants: The specificity of the 3-OH site. Food Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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