1
|
Liu H, Huang J, Olajide T, Liu T, Liu Z, Liao X, Weng X. Preparation of human milk fat substitute and improvement of its oxidative stability. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2023. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0444211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) was synthesized by enzymatic interesterification using palm stearin rich in tripalmitin (PPP) and ethyl oleate. Enzymatic interesterification parameters such as temperature, water content, enzyme load, and substrate molar ratio were optimized. High contents of C52 (primarily OPO and its isomeric compounds) production (46.7%) and sn-2 palmitic acid (PA) content of 75.3% were detected. In addition, OPO-human milk fat substitute (HMFS) was blended with coconut, soybean, algal and microbial oils at a weight ratio of 0.70:0.18:0.11:0.004:0.007 to simulate fatty acids in human milk fat (HMF) according to the mathematical model. The main and important fatty acids in the Final-HMFS were within the ranges of those present in HMF. The Final-HMFS could promote the absorption of fats and minerals and the development of retina tissues in infants. The mixture of L-ascorbyl palmitate (L-AP) and vitamin E (VE) resulted in a synergistic antioxidant effect both in OPO-HMFS and OPO-HMFS emulsions. This finding has great significance in improving the quality and extending shelf-life of HMFS.
Collapse
|
2
|
Peng Y, Wang M, Huang X, Yang F, Shi Y, Liao C, Yu D. Investigation into the magnetic immobilization of lipase and its application in the synthesis of structured triacylglycerols. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
3
|
Preparation of Human Milk Fat Substitutes: A Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020187. [PMID: 35207476 PMCID: PMC8874823 DOI: 10.3390/life12020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is generally regarded as the best choice for infant feeding. Human milk fat (HMF) is one of the most complex natural lipids, with a unique fatty acid composition and distribution and complex lipid composition. Lipid intake in infants not only affects their energy intake but also affects their metabolic mode and overall development. Infant formula is the best substitute for human milk when breastfeeding is not possible. As the main energy source in infant formula, human milk fat substitutes (HMFSs) should have a composition similar to that of HMF in order to meet the nutritional needs of infant growth and development. At present, HMFS preparation mainly focuses on the simulation of fatty acid composition, the application of structured lipids and the addition of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) supplements. This paper first reviews the composition and structure of HMF, and then the preparation development of structured lipids and MFGM supplements are summarized. Additionally, the evaluation and regulation of HMFSs in infant formula are also presented.
Collapse
|
4
|
Modification of palm-based oil blend via interesterification: Physicochemical properties, crystallization behaviors and oxidative stabilities. Food Chem 2021; 347:129070. [PMID: 33482483 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Interesterification is widely employed as an effective technique to modify oils and fats. This study utilizes palm-based oil (palm olein: palm kernel oil: palm stearin, 5:3:2, w/w/w) as the raw material for the interesterification process performed in a pilot-scale packed bed reactor. Enzymatic interesterification (EIE) was catalyzed by Lipozyme TL IM (813.0 g) at 60℃ with reaction flow rate of 100 mL/min. Chemical interesterification (CIE) was catalyzed using sodium methoxide (0.3 wt%) as catalyst at 105 °C for 30 min. The results showed that the EIE fats had lower solid fat content tendency compared to that of CIE fats. The crystallization onset temperature was higher in EIE fats (23.09℃) compared to that of CIE (19.08℃). The results were consistent with the crystallization kinetics whereby the Avrami K constants of EIE fats were higher than that of CIE fats at various temperatures, indicating rapid crystallization and instant nucleation. Linear growth mechanism was dominant and the crystals formed were smaller in size as observed using polarized light microscope. The interesterified fats exhibited the presence of β and β'-crystals. While most of the tocopherol content was retained after EIE (386.18 ug/g), the molecular distillation process reduced the tocopherol concentration (110.01 ug/g) which consequently affected the oxidative stability. The findings in this work contribute to the fundamental understanding on the differences between CIE and EIE fats and provides data to support the preparation of modified fats via EIE that shows great potential as a controllable technique for industrialization.
Collapse
|
5
|
Continuous Production of 2-Phenylethyl Acetate in a Solvent-Free System Using a Packed-Bed Reactor with Novozym® 435. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Phenylethyl acetate (2-PEAc), a highly valued natural volatile ester, with a rose-like odor, is widely added in cosmetics, soaps, foods, and drinks to strengthen scent or flavour. Nowadays, 2-PEAc are commonly produced by chemical synthesis or extraction. Alternatively, biocatalysis is a potential method to replace chemical synthesis or extraction for the production of natural flavour. Continuous synthesis of 2-PEAc in a solvent-free system using a packed bed bioreactor through immobilized lipase-catalyzed transesterification of ethyl acetate (EA) with 2-phenethyl alcohol was studied. A Box–Behnken experimental design with three-level-three-factor, including 2-phenethyl alcohol (2-PE) concentration (100–500 mM), flow rate (1–5 mL min−1) and reaction temperature (45–65 °C), was selected to investigate their influence on the molar conversion of 2-PEAc. Then, response surface methodology and ridge max analysis were used to discuss in detail the optimal reaction conditions for the synthesis of 2-PEAc. The results indicated both 2-PE concentration and flow rate are significant factors in the molar conversion of 2-PEAc. Based on the ridge max analysis, the maximum molar conversion was 99.01 ± 0.09% under optimal conditions at a 2-PE concentration of 62.07 mM, a flow rate of 2.75 mL min−1, and a temperature of 54.03 °C, respectively. The continuous packed bed bioreactor showed good stability for 2-PEAc production, enabling operation for at least 72 h without a significant decrease of conversion.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lipid Profile, Lipase Bioactivity, and Lipophilic Antioxidant Content in High Pressure Processed Donor Human Milk. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091972. [PMID: 31438647 PMCID: PMC6770840 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk fat plays an essential role as the source of energy and cell function regulator; therefore, the preservation of unique human milk donors’ lipid composition is of fundamental importance. To compare the effects of high pressure processing (HPP) and holder pasteurization on lipidome, human milk was processed at 62.5 °C for 30 min and at five variants of HPP from 450 MPa to 600 MPa, respectively. Lipase activity was estimated with QuantiChrom™ assay. Fatty acid composition was determined with the gas chromatographic technique, and free fatty acids content by titration with 0.1 M KOH. The positional distribution of fatty acid in triacylglycerols was performed. The oxidative induction time was obtained from the pressure differential scanning calorimetry. Carotenoids in human milk were measured by liquid chromatography. Bile salt stimulated lipase was completely eliminated by holder pasteurization, decreased at 600 MPa, and remained intact at 200 + 400 MPa; 450 MPa. The fatty acid composition and structure of human milk fat triacylglycerols were unchanged. The lipids of human milk after holder pasteurization had the lowest content of free fatty acids and the shortest induction time compared with samples after HPP. HPP slightly changed the β-carotene and lycopene levels, whereas the lutein level was decreased by 40.0% up to 60.2%, compared with 15.8% after the holder pasteurization.
Collapse
|
7
|
Qiu H, Ma L, Liang C, Zhang H, Liu GQ. Effect of Palm Stearin Oil (PSO), Physical Fractionation Oil of Palm Stearin Oil (PPP) and Structured Lipids of Rich 1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO)on the Stability in Different Emulsion Systems. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:607-614. [PMID: 31178466 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript described the preparation of triglycerides with palmitic and ethyl oleate chains, and the stability of emulsions prepared from those triglycerides. Results showed that ratios of total saturated fatty acids (ΣSFA) of palm stearin oil (PSO), physical fractionation oil of palm stearin oil (PPP) and structured lipids of rich 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) were 72.5%, 95.4% and 33.2% respectively. Rich 1,3-dioleoyl-2 palmitoylglycerol-emulsion (OPO-E) showed a better emulsion stability than that of palm stearin oil (PSO) and physical fractionation oil of palm stearin oil (PPP). The emulsion stability of OPO-E with 10% structured lipids of rich 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) showed the highest value compared with 5% and 20% OPO. The value of emulsion stability (ES) was 85.5, the values of volume-surface mean diameter(d32) and weight mean diameter(d43) were 0.09-0.79 μm and 1.1-34.1 μm, respectively. The experimental data had significant (p < 0.05) difference with other emulsions. The value of zeta potential ranged from -34.8 to -53.1 mV, indicating that the emulsion stability of 10% OPO was the most stable in all experiment samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongtu Qiu
- Agronomy of Food Science and Technology, Yanbian University
| | - Lukai Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China University
| | - Chengyun Liang
- Agronomy of Food Science and Technology, Yanbian University
| | - Hua Zhang
- Agronomy of Food Science and Technology, Yanbian University
| | - Guo-Qin Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China University
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Z, Liu L, Liu L, Liu T, Li C, Sun L. 1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol-rich triacylglycerol characterization by three processing methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1632345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing China
| | - Libo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Research and Development Department (R&D), Hubei UBT Biological Engineering CO. LTD, Huang Gang, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Synthesis Followed by Spectral and Calorimetric Evaluation of Stability of Human Milk Fat Substitutes Obtained from Thistle Milk and Lard. Int J Anal Chem 2019; 2019:5417962. [PMID: 31186645 PMCID: PMC6521481 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5417962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The central point of current investigations was the first time ever synthesis of modern substitutes of human milk fat followed by versatile evaluation of their oxidative properties. The enzymatic interesterification conducted at 70°C for 2, 4, and 6 hours, respectively, with milk thistle oil and lard blend as starting reactants was catalyzed by 1,3-specific lipase Lipozyme RM IM, obtained from Rhizomucor miehei. Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry (PDSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) were applied to evaluate quality of products formed. Although PDSC curves showed lower oxidative stability of newly synthesized fats as compared to both starting materials separately, they can be considered adequate substitutes of human fat milk fat, as distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerol molecules of substitutes obtained is much alike human milk fat itself, as resulted from analysis of GC data collected. Obvious changes in chemical structure of fats occurring during interesterification resulted in specific alterations in IR spectra of processed materials. Spectral data accompanied by PLS technique were successfully used for accurate determination of oxidative stability of new fats through indirect procedure, i.e., IR-PDSC-reference analysis of induction time. Additionally IR data exclusively, i.e., without any reference data, occurred powerfully in discrimination of human fat milk substitutes obtained.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zheng M, Wang S, Xiang X, Shi J, Huang J, Deng Q, Huang F, Xiao J. Facile preparation of magnetic carbon nanotubes-immobilized lipase for highly efficient synthesis of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol-rich human milk fat substitutes. Food Chem 2017; 228:476-483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
11
|
|
12
|
Abdi Hasibuan H, - I. SINTESIS DAN MIKROENKAPSULASI PENSUBSTITUSI LEMAK AIR SUSU IBU (PLASI) BERBAHAN MINYAK SAWIT. JURNAL TEKNOLOGI DAN INDUSTRI PANGAN 2016. [DOI: 10.6066/jtip.2016.27.2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
13
|
Aspergillus oryzaeLipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Dioleoyl; Palmitoyl-Rich Triacylglycerols in Two Reactors. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-016-2887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Preparation and Characterization of Human Milk Fat Substitutes Based on Triacylglycerol Profiles. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-016-2816-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
15
|
Zou X, Jin Q, Guo Z, Xu X, Wang X. Preparation of human milk fat substitutes from basa catfish oil: Combination of enzymatic acidolysis and modeled blending. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Engineering; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Xuebing Xu
- Department of Engineering; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Faustino AR, Osório NM, Tecelão C, Canet A, Valero F, Ferreira-Dias S. Camelina oil as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for the production of human milk fat substitutes catalyzed by a heterologousRhizopus oryzaelipase. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Faustino
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, LEAF; University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Natália M. Osório
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, LEAF; University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Carla Tecelão
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, LEAF; University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), ESTM; Polytechnic Institute of Leiria; Peniche Portugal
| | - Albert Canet
- Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica (EE); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Francisco Valero
- Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica (EE); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kotani K, Yamamoto Y, Hara S. Enzymatic Preparation of Human Milk Fat Substitutes and Their Oxidation Stability. J Oleo Sci 2015; 64:275-81. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Setsuko Hara
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zou XG, Hu JN, Zhao ML, Zhu XM, Li HY, Liu XR, Liu R, Deng ZY. Lipozyme RM IM-catalyzed acidolysis of Cinnamomum camphora seed oil with oleic acid to produce human milk fat substitutes enriched in medium-chain fatty acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10594-10603. [PMID: 25298236 DOI: 10.1021/jf503691p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a human milk fat substitute (HMFS) enriched in medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) was synthesized through acidolysis reaction from Cinnamomum camphora seed oil (CCSO) with oleic acid in a solvent-free system. A commercial immobilized lipase, Lipozyme RM IM, from Rhizomucor miehei, was facilitated as a biocatalyst. Effects of different reaction conditions, including substrate molar ratio, enzyme concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain the optimal oleic acid incorporation. After optimization, results showed that the maximal incorporation of oleic acid into HMFS was 59.68%. Compared with CCSO, medium-chain fatty acids at the sn-2 position of HMFS accounted for >70%, whereas oleic acid was occupied predominantly at the sn-1,3 position (78.69%). Meanwhile, triacylglycerol (TAG) components of OCO (23.93%), CCO (14.94%), LaCO (13.58%), OLaO (12.66%), and OOO (11.13%) were determined as the major TAG species in HMFS. The final optimal reaction conditions were carried out as follows: substrate molar ratio (oleic acid/CCSO), 5:1; enzyme concentration, 12.5% (w/w total reactants); reaction temperature, 60 °C; and reaction time, 28 h. The reusability of Lipozyme RM IM in the acidolysis reaction was also evaluated, and it was found that it could be reused up to 9 times without significant loss of activities. Urea inclusion method was used to separate and purify the synthetic product. As the ratio of HMFS/urea increased to 1:2, the acid value lowered to the minimum. In a scale-up experiment, the contents of TAG and total tocopherols in HMFS (modified CCSO) were 77.28% and 12.27 mg/100 g, respectively. All of the physicochemical indices of purified product were within food standards. Therefore, such a MCFA-enriched HMFS produced by using the acidolysis method might have potential application in the infant formula industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Guo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study and ‡College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wirkowska-Wojdyła M, Bryś J, Górska A, Ostrowska-Ligęza E. Oxidation kinetics and melting profiles of the structured lipids used in infant cookies. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Bryś
- Faculty of Food Sciences; Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | - Agata Górska
- Faculty of Food Sciences; Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Simões T, Valero F, Tecelão C, Ferreira-Dias S. Production of Human Milk Fat Substitutes Catalyzed by a Heterologous Rhizopus oryzae Lipase and Commercial Lipases. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
21
|
Production of human fat milk analogue containing α-linolenic acid by solvent-free enzymatic interesterification. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
22
|
Soumanou MM, Pérignon M, Villeneuve P. Lipase-catalyzed interesterification reactions for human milk fat substitutes production: A review. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
23
|
Zou XQ, Huang JH, Jin QZ, Guo Z, Liu YF, Cheong LZ, Xu XB, Wang XG. Model for human milk fat substitute evaluation based on triacylglycerol composition profile. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:167-175. [PMID: 23214496 DOI: 10.1021/jf304094p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Being the dominant components in human milk fat (HMF), triacylglycerol (TAG) composition might be the best approximation index to represent the composing characteristics of HMF. In this study, TAG composition of HMF from different lactation stages was analyzed by RP-HPLC-APCI-MS, and the establishment of a model for the precise evaluation of human milk fat substitutes (HMFSs) based on TAG composition was indirectly realized by employment of fatty acid composition and distribution and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and TAG compositions. The model was verified by the selected fats and oils with specific chemical compositions, and the results revealed the degrees of similarity of these fats and oils in different evaluation aspects reflected their differences in corresponding chemical composition with HMF. The newly established evaluation model with TAG composition as a comparison base could provide a more accurate method to evaluate HMFSs and might have some inspirations for HMFS production in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zou XQ, Huang JH, Jin QZ, Liu YF, Tao GJ, Cheong LZ, Wang XG. Preparation of human milk fat substitutes from palm stearin with arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid: combination of enzymatic and physical methods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:9415-9423. [PMID: 22920386 DOI: 10.1021/jf3017354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Human milk fat substitutes (HMFSs) were prepared by a two-step process, namely, Lipozyme RM IM-catalyzed acidolysis of interesterified high-melting palm stearin with fatty acids from rapeseed oil and blending of the enzymatic product with the selected oils on the basis of the calculation model. The optimum conditions for the enzymatic reaction were a mole ratio of palm stearin/fatty acids 1:10, 60 °C, 8% enzyme load (wt % of substrates), 4 h, and 3.5% water content (wt % of enzyme); the enzymatic product contained 39.6% palmitic acid (PA), 83.7% of the fatty acids at sn-2 position were PA (sn-2 PA), and the distribution probability of PA at the sn-2 position among total PA (% sn-2 PA) was 70.5%. With the fatty acid profiles of human milk fat (HMF) as a preferable goal, a physical blending model was established for the second step to guarantee the maximum addition of selected oils. Based on the model prediction, a desirable formula constituted enzymatic product/rapeseed oil/sunflower oil/palm kernel oil/algal oil/microbial oil at a mole ratio of 1:0.28:0.40:0.36:0.015:0.017, and the final product had PA content, sn-2 PA, and %sn-2 PA at 23.5, 43.1, and 61.1%, respectively. The contents of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids were 0.4 and 0.3%, respectively. Relying on the total and sn-2 fatty acid compositions of HMF and "deducting score" principle, the score for the similarity between the final product and HMF was scaled as 89.2, indicating the potential as a fat substitute in infant formulas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Turan D, Sahin Yeşilçubuk N, Akoh CC. Production of human milk fat analogue containing docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4402-4407. [PMID: 22497589 DOI: 10.1021/jf3012272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Human milk fat (HMF) analogue containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) at sn-1,3 positions and palmitic acid (PA) at sn-2 position was produced. Novozym 435 lipase was used to produce palmitic acid-enriched hazelnut oil (EHO). EHO was then used to produce the final structured lipid (SL) through interesterification reactions using Lipozyme RM IM. Reaction variables for 3 h reactions were temperature, substrate mole ratio, and ARASCO/DHASCO (A:D) ratio. After statistical analysis of DHA, ARA, total PA, and PA content at sn-2 position, a large-scale production was performed at 60 °C, 3:2 A:D ratio, and 1:0.1 substrate mole ratio. For the SL, those results were determined as 57.3 ± 0.4%, 2.7 ± 0.0%, 2.4 ± 0.1%, and 66.1 ± 2.2%, respectively. Tocopherol contents were 84, 19, 85, and 23 μg/g oil for α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol. Melting range of SL was narrower than that of EHO. Oxidative stability index (OSI) value of SL (0.80 h) was similar to that of EHO (0.88 h). This SL can be used in infant formulas to provide the benefits of ARA and DHA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Turan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Science Building, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2610, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zou X, Huang J, Jin Q, Liu Y, Song Z, Wang X. Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Human Milk Fat Substitutes from Palm Stearin in a Continuous Packed Bed Reactor. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-012-2046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
27
|
YANG BO, WANG WEIFEI, ZENG FANKUI, LI TIE, WANG YONGHUA, LI LIN. PRODUCTION AND OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF A SOYBEAN OIL CONTAINING CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID PRODUCED BY LIPASE CATALYSIS. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
28
|
Interesterification of Lard and Soybean Oil Blends Catalyzed by Immobilized Lipase in a Continuous Packed Bed Reactor. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-011-1869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
29
|
Zou XQ, Huang JH, Jin QZ, Liu YF, Song ZH, Wang XG. Lipase-catalyzed preparation of human milk fat substitutes from palm stearin in a solvent-free system. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:6055-6063. [PMID: 21568327 DOI: 10.1021/jf200619v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Human milk fat substitutes (HMFSs) were synthesized by lipozyme RM IM-catalyzed acidolysis of chemically interesterified palm stearin (mp = 58 °C) with mixed FAs from rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, palm kernel oil, stearic acid, and myristic acid in a solvent-free system. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to model and optimize the reactions, and the factors chosen were reaction time, temperature, substrate molar ratio, and enzyme load. The optimal conditions generated from the models were as follows: reaction time, 3.4 h; temperature, 57 °C; substrate molar ratio, 14.6 mol/mol; and enzyme load, 10.7 wt % (by the weight of total substrates). Under these conditions, the contents of palmitic acid (PA) and PA at sn-2 position (sn-2 PA) were 29.7 and 62.8%, respectively, and other observed FAs were all within the range of FAs of HMF. The product was evaluated by the cited model, and a high score (85.8) was obtained, which indicated a high degree of similarity of the product to HMF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Zou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Qin XL, Wang YM, Wang YH, Huang HH, Yang B. Preparation and characterization of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:5714-9. [PMID: 21510711 DOI: 10.1021/jf200398f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol, an important triacylglycerol in infant formulas, was effectively enriched by a two-step process: (a) dry fractionation of leaf lard and (b) enzymatic acidolysis of the fractionated leaf lard. In step a, the 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol content was increased from 16.77 to 30.73% after programmed temperature treatment of the leaf lard at 60 °C for 20 min followed by 34 °C for 10 h. In step b, 43.72% of the 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol content was obtained at the optimal conditions of enzymatic acidolysis: a substrate molar ratio of 1:4 (the fractionated leaf lard/camellia oil fatty acids), 6% (w/w) of enzyme loading, and 6 h of reaction time at 45 °C. On the basis of gas chromatography determination and "deducting score" principle, a model was properly established for characterizing the quality of triacylglycerols enriched with 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol. This approach would be a valuable contribution in structured lipids industries because only gas chromatography determination was involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li Qin
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ilyasoglu H, Gultekin-Ozguven M, Ozcelik B. Production of human milk fat substitute with medium-chain fatty acids by lipase-catalyzed acidolysis: Optimization by response surface methodology. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
32
|
Cheong LZ, Xu X. Lard-based fats healthier than lard: Enzymatic synthesis, physicochemical properties and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/lite.201100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
33
|
Feddern V, Kupski L, Cipolatti EP, Giacobbo G, Mendes GL, Badiale-Furlong E, de Souza-Soares LA. Physico-chemical composition, fractionated glycerides and fatty acid profile of chicken skin fat. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
34
|
Continuous production of lipase-catalyzed biodiesel in a packed-bed reactor: optimization and enzyme reuse study. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2011. [PMID: 20936129 PMCID: PMC2948937 DOI: 10.1155/2011/950725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An optimal continuous production of biodiesel by methanolysis of soybean oil in a packed-bed reactor was developed using immobilized lipase (Novozym 435) as a catalyst in a tert-butanol solvent system. Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design were employed to evaluate the effects of reaction temperature, flow rate, and substrate molar ratio on the molar conversion of biodiesel. The results showed that flow rate and temperature have significant effects on the percentage of molar conversion. On the basis of ridge max analysis, the optimum conditions were as follows: flow rate 0.1 mL/min, temperature 52.1°C, and substrate molar ratio 1 : 4. The predicted and experimental values of molar conversion were 83.31 ± 2.07% and 82.81 ± .98%, respectively. Furthermore, the continuous process over 30 days showed no appreciable decrease in the molar conversion. The paper demonstrates the applicability of using immobilized lipase and a packed-bed reactor for continuous biodiesel synthesis.
Collapse
|
35
|
Production of triacylglycerols rich in palmitic acid at sn-2 position by lipase-catalyzed acidolysis. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2010.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
36
|
Production of human milk fat substitutes enriched in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids using immobilized commercial lipases and Candida parapsilosis lipase/acyltransferase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
37
|
Li Y, Mu H, Andersen JET, Xu X, Meyer O, Ørngreen A. New human milk fat substitutes from butterfat to improve fat absorption. Food Res Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
38
|
Production of triacylglycerols rich in palmitic acid at position 2 as intermediates for the synthesis of human milk fat substitutes by enzymatic acidolysis. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
39
|
Wang YH, Qin XL, Zhu QS, Zhou R, Yang B, Li L. Lipase-catalyzed acidolysis of lard for the production of human milk fat substitute. Eur Food Res Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-010-1218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
40
|
Wang YH, Mai QY, Qin XL, Yang B, Wang ZL, Chen HT. Establishment of an evaluation model for human milk fat substitutes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:642-9. [PMID: 20000702 DOI: 10.1021/jf903048p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid composition and distribution of human milk fat (HMF), from mothers over different lactating periods in Guangzhou, China, were analyzed. The universal characteristics were consistent with previously reported results although the fatty acid content was within a different range and dependent on the local population (low saturated fatty acid and high oleic acid for Guangdong mothers' milk fat). Based on the composition of the total and sn-2 fatty acids of mature milk fat, an efficient evaluation model was innovatively established by adopting the "deducting score" principle. The model showed good agreement between the scores and the degree of similarity by assessing 15 samples from different sources including four samples of HMF, eight samples of human milk fat substitutes (HMFSs) and infant formulas, and three samples of fats and oils. This study would allow for the devolvement of individual human milk fat substitutes with different and specific fatty acid compositions for local infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hua Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lee JH, Son JM, Akoh CC, Kim MR, Lee KT. Optimized synthesis of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol-rich triacylglycerol via interesterification catalyzed by a lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus. N Biotechnol 2009; 27:38-45. [PMID: 19879984 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO)-rich human milk fat substitute (HMFS) was synthesized from tripalmitin-rich fraction and ethyl oleate by a lipase-catalyzed interesterification. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize its OPO content and acyl migration with reaction factors - substrate mole ratio of PPP-rich fraction to ethyl oleate (1:4, 1:5 and 1:6), reaction temperature (50, 55 and 60 degrees C) and time (3, 7.5 and 12 hours). The predictive models for OPO content and acyl migration were adequate and reproducible. The OPO content increased with substrate ratio, and decreased with reaction time and temperature, whereas acyl migration increased with temperature and time. The optimal conditions for HMFS synthesis while maximizing OPO content (31.43% OPO) and minimizing acyl migration (6.07%) were predicted at the reaction combination of 50 degrees C, three hours and 5.5 substrate ratio. HMFS was resynthesized under the same condition, and no significant difference between the observed and predicted values was found. Further, the major fatty acid of HMFS was palmitic acid (80.6%) at sn-2 position, and oleic acid (64.9%) at sn-1,3 position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeung Hee Lee
- Agricultural Scientific Research Center, Chungnam National University, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Human Milk Fat Substitute from Butterfat: Production by Enzymatic Interesterification and Evaluation of Oxidative Stability. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-009-1479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
43
|
The effects of enzymatic interesterification on the physical-chemical properties of blends of lard and soybean oil. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2009.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
44
|
Huey SM, Hock CC, Lin SW. Characterization of Low Saturation Palm Oil Products after Continuous Enzymatic Interesterification and Dry Fractionation. J Food Sci 2009; 74:E177-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
45
|
Perea Villamil A, Moreno Safra N. Production of structured lipids by enzymatic transesterification of soybean oil and palm kernel oil in a packed-bed reactor. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2008. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.2008.v59.i4.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
46
|
|
47
|
|
48
|
Srivastava A, Akoh CC, Chang SW, Lee GC, Shaw JF. Candida rugosa lipase LIP1-catalyzed transesterification to produce human milk fat substitute. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:5175-81. [PMID: 16819932 DOI: 10.1021/jf060623h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Structured lipids (SLs) containing palmitic and oleic acids were synthesized by transesterification of tripalmitin with either oleic acid or methyl oleate as acyl donor. This SL with palmitic acid at the sn-2 position and oleic acid at sn-1,3 positions is similar in structure to human milk fat triacylglycerol. LIP1, an isoform of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL), was used as biocatalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, substrate molar ratio, and time on incorporation of oleic acid were investigated. Reaction time and temperature were set at 6, 12, and 24 h, and 35, 45, and 55 degrees C, respectively. Substrate molar ratio was varied from 1:1 to 1:4. The highest incorporation of oleic acid (37.7%) was at 45 degrees C with methyl oleate as acyl donor. Oleic acid resulted in slightly lesser (26.3%) incorporation. Generally, higher percentage incorporation of oleic acid was observed with methyl oleate (transesterification) than with oleic acid (acidolysis). In both cases percentage incorporation increased with reaction time. Incorporation decreased with increase in temperature above 45 degrees C. Initially, oleic acid incorporation increased with increase in substrate molar ratio up to 1:3. LIP1 was also compared with Lipozyme RM IM as biocatalysts. The tested reaction parameters were selected on the basis of maximum incorporation of C18:1 obtained during optimization of LIP1 reaction conditions. Reaction temperature was maintained at 45, 55, and 65 degrees C. Lipozyme RM IM gave highest oleic acid incorporation (49.4%) at 65 degrees C with methyl oleate as acyl donor. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed for both enzymes. SL prepared using Lipozyme RM IM may be more suitable for possible use in human milk fat substitutes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Srivastava
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Science Building, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-7610, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|