Chemiluminescence screening assay for diethylstilbestrol in meat

Tellurium-based chemical sensors

The various tellurium-based chemical sensors are described. This article focuses on four types of Tellurium sensors such as CdTe quantum dots-based sensor, Te thin films-based sensor, Te nanostructures or nanoparticles-based sensor, and TeO2-based sensor.

A facile one-pot synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles embed N-doped graphene modified magnetic screen printed electrode for electrochemical sensing of chloramphenicol and diethylstilbestrol

Trace determination of antibacterial agents is crucial to minimize risks of human intoxication and in the prevention of serious environmental impacts. Herein, a simple one-pot solvothermal synthesis approach for a magnetic iron oxide embed nitrogen-doped graphene (MIO@NG) nanohybrid was fabricated without the addition of any extra reductant and its application towards ultrasensitive chloramphenicol (CAP) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) electrochemical sensor is demonstrated to screen for antibiotic residue contamination in milk samples. The prepared nanohybrid was modified on a magnetic screen-printed electrode (MSPE) to make it portable for on-site detection. The determination of two additive drugs, CAP and DES, was achieved based on the reduction current response at MIO@NG modified MSPE (MIO@NG/MSPE) to eliminate interference as far as possible. Uniform dispersed MIO nanoparticles are grown in situ on the surface of nitrogen-doped graphene sheets. The morphology of MIO@NG was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The chemical structure of the prepared MIO@NG was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). Moreover, the superparamagnism property was investigated by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The electrochemical properties of MIO@NG were evaluated with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). Sensor performance was evaluated by testing the electrochemical activity of CAP and DES in the presence of interferences. The MIO@NG modified electrode presented superior electrochemical performance, including high sensitivity, high catalytic activity, ultimate sensitivity, very fast detection, selectivity, and excellent performance. The MIO@NG modified electrode demonstrated a detection limit of 10 nM for the detection of CAP and 6.5 nM for DES with satisfactory recovery in real samples.

An electrochemiluminescence aptasensor for diethylstilbestrol assay based on resonance energy transfer between Ag3PO4-Cu-MOF(II) and silver nanoparticles

In this work, a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor based on the resonance energy transfer (RET) effect between Ag3PO4-Cu-MOF (ii) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) is proposed. The ECL emission spectra of Ag3PO4-Cu-MOF and the ultraviolet absorption spectra of Ag NPs showed a good spectral overlap. Based on this, we designed an "on-off-on" ECL sensing strategy for the sensitive and specific detection of diethylstilbestrol (DES). Under the optimal conditions, the linear range of the sensor for DES detection was 1.0 × 10-12-1.0 × 10-4 M, with a detection limit of 7.2 × 10-13 M (S/N = 3). The method showed simple and fast operation, high sensitivity and selectivity, a strong anti-interference ability and good stability. More importantly, the developed aptasensor exhibited excellent recognition towards residual DES in actual water samples. The sensor has superior measurement capability and potential application value in the field of environment water quality monitoring.

An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence aptasensor for the detection of diethylstilbestrol based on the enhancing mechanism of the metal-organic framework NH2-MIL-125(Ti) in a 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid/K2S2O8 system

In this work, a sensitive and selective electrochemiluminescent aptasensor was proposed based on the enhancing mechanism of the metal-organic framework NH₂-MIL-125(Ti) in a 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid/K₂S₂O₈ system for a diethylstilbestrol assay. Herein, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid was selected as the major luminophore, and the metal-organic framework NH₂-MIL-125(Ti) displayed a large specific surface area to immobilize abundant PTCA molecules to facilitate electrochemiluminescence efficiency. Besides, the metal-organic framework NH₂-MIL-125(Ti) was used as a novel catalyst in the 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid/K₂S₂O₈ system, which could react with the co-reactant K₂S₂O₈ to produce more SO₄˙^-. In addition, we introduced the amino-aptamer of diethylstilbestrol; due to the specific binding affinity between the aptamer and diethylstilbestrol, a selective electrochemiluminescent aptasensor for diethylstilbestrol was thus developed here. Under the optimal conditions, a wide detection range from 1.0 fM to 1.0 μM with a low detection limit of 0.28 fM (S/N = 3) was obtained. More importantly, the residual diethylstilbestrol in water was detected by the developed aptasensor; this confirmed that this method has good performance and potential applications in real samples.

Oral exposure of rats to dienestrol during gestation and lactation: Effects on the reproductive system of male offspring

This study was aimed at determining whether dienestrol (DIES) affects reproduction in male offspring of rats following oral maternal exposure during gestation and lactation. Pregnant rats were treated from GD 6 to PND 21. Animals received 0 (control-vehicle), 0.75, 1.5, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 50, 75 μg/kg bw/d of DIES. A control group -without vehicle-was also included. High DIES concentrations caused abortions at 75 and 50 μg/kg bw/d, while at 12.5 μg/kg bw/d had still miscarriages. Ten male rats per group were kept alive until PND 90 to ensure sexual maturity. Body and organ weights, anogenital distance (AGD) at PNDs 21 and 90, biochemical and sperm parameters like motility, viability, morphology, spermatozoa and resistant spermatid counts, and histopathology for sexual organs and liver were determined. An increase in organ weight (liver and sexual organs) and a decrease in AGD due to vehicle were found. A reduction of sperm motility and viability, and an increase of abnormal sperm morphology were caused by DIES, which provoked a dose-dependent prostatitis. Maternal exposure to DIES induced toxicity on the reproductive system of the male offspring, which could affect the capacity of fertilization.

One-step synthesis of S,B co-doped carbon dots and their application for selective and sensitive fluorescence detection of diethylstilbestrol

S,B co-doped carbon dots were synthesized, and their application in the detection of diethylstilbestrol.

A label-free detection of diethylstilbestrol based on molecularly imprinted polymer-coated upconversion nanoparticles obtained by surface grafting

The novel MIPs-coated UCNPs fluorescent sensor could be used for on-field detection of diethylstilbestrol in real samples.

Highly sensitive fluorescent probe for clenbuterol hydrochloride detection based on its catalytic oxidation of eosine Y by NaIO4

A highly sensitive fluorescent probe for clenbuterol hydrochloride (CLB) detection has been first designed based on its catalytic effect on NaIO4 oxidating eosine Y (R). And this environment-friendly, simple, rapid, selective and sensitive fluorescent probe has been utilized to detect CLB in the practical samples with the results consisting with those obtained by GC/MS. The structures of R and CLB were characterized by infrared spectra. The mechanism of the proposed assay for the detection of CLB was also discussed.

Metal ions-based immunosensor for simultaneous determination of estradiol and diethylstilbestrol

Environmental estrogens (EEs) can cause various endocrine diseases. Herein, we designed an ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for simultaneous detection of two typical EEs, estradiol and diethylstilbestrol. These two analytes were immobilized on graphene sheet (GS) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Amino-group functionalized mesoporous Fe3O4 (Fe3O4-NH2) was loaded with Pb(2+) or Cd(2+), and then incubated with estradiol and diethylstilbestrol antibodies, respectively. Using an electrochemical analysis technique, two well-separated peaks were generated by the redox reaction of Pb(2+) or Cd(2+), making the simultaneous detection of two analytes on the electrode possible. Subsequently, square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to investigate the electrochemical behaviors of the immunosensor. Under optimized conditions, the SWASV peak currents were proportional to the concentrations of estradiol and diethylstilbestrol in the range from 0.050 pg mL(-1) to 100 ng mL(-1) and 1.0 pg mL(-1) to 100 ng mL(-1), respectively. The immunosensor exhibited highly sensitive response to estradiol with a detection limit of 0.015 pg mL(-1) and diethylstilbestrol with a detection limit of 0.38 pg mL(-1). Furthermore, the immunosensor was satisfactorily employed to detect estradiol and diethylstilbestrol simultaneously in water samples.

Graphene oxide-modified electrodes for sensitive determination of diethylstilbestrol

This paper reports an electrochemical sensor fabricated with graphene oxide (GO) modified on a chitosan-coated glassy carbon electrode (GO-CS/GCE) and its application for the detection of diethylstilbestrol (DES). It was observed that the effective electrochemical surface area of the GO modified electrode was nearly 10 times that of the bare GCE. This could be used to explain the results that the oxidation peak current of DES on the GO-CS/GCE was much larger than on the bare GCE. Under optimized conditions, the prepared electrode could be used to electrochemically detect DES according to the oxidation of the DES. Based on the technique of differential pulse voltammetry and the accumulation of DES on GO modified electrodes, the calibration curve for DES determination could be obtained with a linear range of 1.5 × 10(-8)-3.0 × 10(-5) M and an estimated detection limit of 3.0 × 10(-9) M (S/N = 3). The feasibility of the developed electrode for tablet sample analysis was investigated. Our investigation revealed that GO could significantly improve the analytical performance of electrochemical sensors.