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Chen L, Wang L, Li J, Shu G. Antihypertensive potential of fermented milk: the contribution of lactic acid bacteria proteolysis system and the resultant angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide. Food Funct 2021; 12:11121-11131. [PMID: 34657947 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02435c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension has become an increasing health concern given that it is a major risk for cardiovascular disease. Synthetic antihypertensive drugs, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, effectively control high blood pressure but are associated with unpleasant side effects. Milk fermented by certain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) provides energetic contributions to the management of hypertension, especially the regulation of ACE. LAB are important food-grade microbial organisms that release ACE inhibitory peptides through their unique proteolysis system, which consists of cell-envelope proteinases (CEPs), transporter systems, and intracellular peptidases. Thus, the description of LAB proteolysis system genes and their contributions to ACE inhibitory peptide production is a challenging but promising study. This review provides a survey of LABs with potential ACE inhibitory activity and investigates the research progress of LAB proteolytic systems with an emphasis on the correlation of their components and ACE inhibitory activity. Subsequently, a depiction of the ACE inhibitory peptide action mechanism, structure-activity relationship and bioavailability is presented. The improved functional annotation of LAB proteolytic system genes will provide an excellent framework for future experimental validations of predicted ACE inhibitory activity in fermented milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Linlin Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Guowei Shu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.
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Xu M, Hu S, Wang Y, Wang T, Dziugan P, Zhang B, Zhao H. Integrated Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses Reveal Protein Metabolism in Lactobacillus helveticus CICC22171. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:635685. [PMID: 34149633 PMCID: PMC8206810 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.635685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus helveticus is a homofermentative lactic acid bacterium. It is widely used in the fabrication of Swiss cheese and other dairy products. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism by which L. helveticus utilizes protein. Lactobacillus helveticus CICC22171 were cultured in two different media with various nitrogen sources. The control contained 20 basic amino acids, while the experimental medium contained casein. De novo transcriptome and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) proteome analyses were applied to determine how L. helveticus utilizes protein. The casein underwent extracellular hydrolysis via ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter upregulation and Mn2+-associated cell envelope proteinase (CEP) downregulation. Sigma factors and EF-Tu were upregulated and Mg2+ was reduced in bacteria to accommodate DNA transcription and protein translation in preparation for proteolysis. Hydrolase activity was upregulated to digest intracellular polypeptides and control endopeptidase genes. In these bacteria, casein utilization affected glycolysis, trehalose phosphotransferase system (PTS), and key factors associated with aerobic respiration and reduced glucose consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Xu
- College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanhu Hu
- College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Piotr Dziugan
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Bolin Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Zhao
- College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Ji D, Ma J, Xu M, Agyei D. Cell-envelope proteinases from lactic acid bacteria: Biochemical features and biotechnological applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:369-400. [PMID: 33443792 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Proteins displayed on the cell surface of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) perform diverse and important biochemical roles. Among these, the cell-envelope proteinases (CEPs) are one of the most widely studied and most exploited for biotechnological applications. CEPs are important players in the proteolytic system of LAB, because they are required by LAB to degrade proteins in the growth media into peptides and/or amino acids required for the nitrogen nutrition of LAB. The most important area of application of CEPs is therefore in protein hydrolysis, especially in dairy products. Also, the physical location of CEPs (i.e., being cell-envelope anchored) allows for relatively easy downstream processing (e.g., extraction) of CEPs. This review describes the biochemical features and organization of CEPs and how this fits them for the purpose of protein hydrolysis. It begins with a focus on the genetic organization and expression of CEPs. The catalytic behavior and cleavage specificities of CEPs from various LAB are also discussed. Following this, the extraction and purification of most CEPs reported to date is described. The industrial applications of CEPs in food technology, health promotion, as well as in the growing area of water purification are discussed. Techniques for improving the production and catalytic efficiency of CEPs are also given an important place in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ji
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jingying Ma
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dominic Agyei
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Study of Extraction and Enzymatic Properties of Cell-Envelope Proteinases from a Novel Wild Lactobacillus plantarum LP69. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8080325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli cell-envelope proteinases (CEPs) have been widely used in the development of new streams of blockbuster nutraceuticals because of numerous biopharmaceutical potentials; thus, the development of viable methods for CEP extraction and the improvement of extraction efficiency will promote their full-scale application. In this study, CEP from a novel wild Lactobacillus plantarum LP69 was released from cells by incubating in calcium-free buffer. The extraction conditions of CEP were optimized by response surface methodology with the enzyme activity and specific activity as the detective marker. The optimal extraction conditions were: time of 80 min, temperature of 39 °C and buffer pH of 6.5. Under these conditions, enzyme activity and specific activity were (23.94 ± 0.86) U/mL and (1.37 ± 0.03) U/mg, respectively, which were well matched with the predicted values (22.12 U/mL and 1.36 U/mg). Optimal activity of the crude CEP occurred at pH 8.0 and 40 °C. It is a metallopeptidase, activated by Ca2+, inhibited by Zn2+ and ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid, and a serine proteinase which is inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. Kinetic studies showed that CEP from LP69 could hydrolyze whey protein, lactoglobulin and casein. Our study improves the extraction efficiency of CEPs from LP69, providing the reference for their industrial development.
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Guo T, Ouyang X, Xin Y, Wang Y, Zhang S, Kong J. Characterization of a New Cell Envelope Proteinase PrtP from Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC11055. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6985-92. [PMID: 27585760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell envelope proteinases (CEPs) play essential roles in lactic acid bacteria growth in milk and health-promoting properties of fermented dairy products. The genome of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC11055 possesses two putative CEP genes prtP and prtR2, and the PrtP displays the distinctive domain organization from PrtR2 reported. The PrtP was purified and biochemically characterized. The results showed that the optimal activity occurred at 44 °C, pH 6.5. p-Amidinophenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride obviously inhibited enzymatic activity, suggesting PrtP was a member of serine proteinases. Under the optimal conditions, β-casein was a favorite substrate over αS1- and κ-casein, and 35 oligopeptides were identified in the β-casein hydrolysate, including the phosphoserine peptide and bioactive isoleucine-proline-proline. By analysis of the amino acid sequences of those oligopeptides, proline was the preferred residue at the breakdown site. Therefore, we speculated that PrtP was a new type of CEPs from Lb. rhamnosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yongping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Susu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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Zhang S, Zhang L, Zhang L, Feng Z, Shigwedha N. Screening, purification, and characterization of proteinase from 3 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16767a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus were selected for their proteinase properties in order to improve milk gel firmness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Food College
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin 150030
- China
- School of Food Science and Engineering
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- Food College
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin 150030
- China
- School of Food Science and Engineering
| | - Lili Zhang
- Food College
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin 150030
- China
| | - Zhen Feng
- Food College
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin 150030
- China
| | - Nditange Shigwedha
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
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Xu Y, Dai M, Zang J, Jiang Q, Xia W. Purification and Characterization of an Extracellular Acidic Protease of Pediococcus pentosaceus Isolated from Fermented Fish. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.21.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanshun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University
| | - Mengjie Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University
| | - Jinhong Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University
| | - Qixing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University
| | - Wenshui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University
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Zhang S, Zhang L, Jiao Y, Li H, Shigwedha N, Zhang Y, Yi H, Han X. Lactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp.bulgaricusProteinase: Purification by Ion-Exchange and Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2014.921199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pan D, Liu J, Zeng X, Liu L, Li H, Guo Y. Immunomodulatory activity of selenium exopolysaccharide produced byLactococcus lactissubsp.Lactis. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2014.894000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Nybom S, Dziga D, Heikkilä J, Kull T, Salminen S, Meriluoto J. Characterization of microcystin-LR removal process in the presence of probiotic bacteria. Toxicon 2012; 59:171-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Simultaneous separation and determination of trace amounts of Cd(II) and Cu(II) in environmental samples using novel diphenylcarbazide modified nanoporous silica. Talanta 2012; 89:455-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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