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Wang S, Liu Q, Zeng T, Zhan J, Zhao H, Ho CT, Xiao Y, Li S. Immunomodulatory effects and associated mechanisms of Momordica charantia and its phytochemicals. Food Funct 2022; 13:11986-11998. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02096c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia), which is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family and widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, has been consumed as a vegetable and also used as herbal medicine for thousands of years worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Wang
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 250355, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 250355, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhan
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yunli Xiao
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Shiming Li
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province, P.R. China
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Perez JL, Shivanagoudra SR, Perera WH, Kim DM, Wu CS, Sun Y, Jayaprakasha G, Patil BS. Bitter melon extracts and cucurbitane-type triterpenoid glycosides antagonize lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Zhou Y, Xu B. New insights into molecular mechanisms of "Cold or Hot" nature of food: When East meets West. Food Res Int 2021; 144:110361. [PMID: 34053554 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines are largely adopted in China and have a key importance in the world medical system. Cold-hot nature is the important characteristics of food and Chinese Materia Medica in the traditional Chinese medicine, relating to food functions in the organism. As compared to the studies on the cold and hot nature in Chinese medicine, the research studies carried out to establish the association between cold-hot nature and food are insufficient. Intending to investigate the criteria to discriminate the cold-hot nature of food and Chinese medicine scientifically, this review collected the cold-hot nature-related literature in recent 20 years in several popular databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. This review explored that the cold and hot natures are not only linked to the chemical components such as water, carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids, but also correlated to the biological effects, comprising of energy metabolism, inflammation response, oxidation reaction, immune response, and cell growth and proliferation. Besides, this review further put forward the possibility that cold-hot nature of food and Chinese medicine exert different biological effects on the inflammatory response via regulating the signaling pathways viz. NF-κB and MAPK. More extensive studies are needed to consider the overall connections between both the biological effects and chemical components and how food processing affects the cold-hot nature of the food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China.
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Koçancı FG. Role of Fatty Acid Chemical Structures on Underlying Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gut Microbiota. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Gonca Koçancı
- Vocational High School of Health Services Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Alanya/Antalya 07425 Turkey
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Yu S, Go GW, Kim W. Medium Chain Triglyceride (MCT) Oil Affects the Immunophenotype via Reprogramming of Mitochondrial Respiration in Murine Macrophages. Foods 2019; 8:foods8110553. [PMID: 31694322 PMCID: PMC6915711 DOI: 10.3390/foods8110553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil has been postulated to modulate inflammatory responses, but the detailed mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Based on recent studies demonstrating that mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming and immune responses are correlated, the current study sought to determine whether MCT oil controls inflammatory responses through modulation of mitochondria using both in vitro and in vivo models. The mitochondrial metabolic phenotypes of macrophages were assessed according to oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Inflammatory responses were assessed for production of cytokines and expression of activation markers. MCT oil was more rapidly oxidized as observed by increased OCR in macrophages. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was down-regulated and anti-inflammatory cytokine was elevated by MCT oil. In addition, classically activated M1 and alternatively activated M2 markers were reciprocally regulated by MCT intervention. Overall, up-regulated β-oxidation by MCT contributes to the anti-inflammatory M2-like status of macrophages, which may aid in the dietary prevention and/or amelioration of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Yu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
| | - Gwang-woong Go
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.-w.G.); (W.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2220-1206 (G.-w.G.); +82-31-201-3482 (W.K.)
| | - Wooki Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
- Correspondence: (G.-w.G.); (W.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2220-1206 (G.-w.G.); +82-31-201-3482 (W.K.)
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Sung HC, Liu CW, Hsiao CY, Lin SR, Yu IS, Lin SW, Chiang MH, Liang CJ, Pu CM, Chen YC, Lin MS, Chen YL. The effects of wild bitter gourd fruit extracts on ICAM-1 expression in pulmonary epithelial cells of C57BL/6J mice and microRNA-221/222 knockout mice: Involvement of the miR-221/-222/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 42:90-99. [PMID: 29655703 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracts from wild bitter gourd fruit (WBGE) were reported to possess numerous pharmacological activities. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of WBGE on human lung epithelial cells and the underlying mechanisms have not been determined. PURPOSE To evaluate the molecular basis of the effects of WBGE on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in alveolar epithelial (A549) cells, C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice and microRNA (miR)-221/-222 knockout (KO) mice with or without tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α; 3 ng/ml) treatment. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS WT mice and miR-221/-222 KO mice were fed a control diet and divided into four groups (C: control mice; T: treated with TNF-α alone; WBGE/T: pretreated with WBGE and then stimulated with TNF-α; WBGE: treated with WBGE alone). The effects of WBGE on ICAM-1 expression and the related signals in A549 cells and mice with or without TNF-α treatment were examined by Western blot and immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS WBGE significantly decreased the TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression in A549 cells through the inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (AKT)/ nuclear factor- kappa B (NF-κB)/ inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) phosphorylation and decreased leukocyte adhesion. In addition, WBGE reduced endogenous ICAM-1 expression and upregulated miR-221/-222 expression. The overexpression of miR-222 decreased PI3K/AKT/NF-κB/IκB and ICAM-1 expression, which resulted in reducing monocyte adhesion. Moreover, WBGE reduced ICAM-1 expression in lung tissues of WT mice with or without TNF-α treatment and upregulated miR-221/222. WBGE did not affect the miR-221/-222 level and had little effect on ICAM-1 expression in miR-221/-222 KO mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that WBGE reduced ICAM-1 expression both under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The protective effects were mediated partly through the miR-221/-222/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ching Sung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Rung Lin
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Science, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Center for Nanotechnology and Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Shing Yu
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wha Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Jung Liang
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Pu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shian Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Lien Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Singh P, Singh M, Kanoujia J, Arya M, Saraf SK, Saraf SA. Process optimization and photostability of silymarin nanostructured lipid carriers: effect on UV-irradiated rat skin and SK-MEL 2 cell line. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 6:597-609. [PMID: 27431400 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to formulate a novel stable delivery system which would not only overcome the solubility issue of silymarin, but also help to increase the therapeutic value by better permeation, anticancer action and reduced toxicity. This was envisaged through the recent developments in nanotechnology, combined with the activity of the phytoconstituent silymarin. A 2(3) full factorial design based on three independent variables was used for process optimization of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). Developed formulations were evaluated on the basis of particle size, morphology, in vitro drug release, photostability and cell line studies. Optimized silymarin-NLC was incorporated into carbopol gel and further assessed for rheological parameters. Stable behaviour in presence of light was proven by photostability testing of formulation. Permeability parameters were significantly higher in NLC as compared to marketed phytosome formulation. The NLC based gel described in this study showed faster onset, and prolonged activity up to 24 h and better action against edema as compared to marketed formulation. In case of anticancer activity of silymarin-NLC against SK-MEL 2 cell lines, silymarin-NLC proved to possess anticancer activity in a dose-dependent manner (10-80 μM) and induced apoptosis at 80 μM in SK-MEL 2 cancer cells. This work documents for the first time that silymarin can be formulated into nanostructured lipoidal carrier system for enhanced permeation, greater stability as well as anticancer activity for skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Mahendra Singh
- Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | | | - Malti Arya
- Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Shailendra K Saraf
- Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, India.,BBDNIIT, Lucknow, India
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Cavalcanti AL, Reis MY, Silva GC, Ramalho ÍM, Guimarães GP, Silva JA, Saraiva KL, Damasceno BP. Microemulsion for topical application of pentoxifylline: In vitro release and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2016; 506:351-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Huang WC, Tsai TH, Chuang LT, Li YY, Zouboulis CC, Tsai PJ. Anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of capric acid against Propionibacterium acnes: A comparative study with lauric acid. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 73:232-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Hsu C, Tsai TH, Li YY, Wu WH, Huang CJ, Tsai PJ. Wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser.) extract and its bioactive components suppress Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation. Food Chem 2012; 135:976-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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EMCD, a hypoglycemic triterpene isolated from Momordica charantia wild variant, attenuates TNF-α-induced inflammation in FL83B cells in an AMP-activated protein kinase-independent manner. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 689:241-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Zhou Y, Wang H, Yang R, Huang H, Sun Y, Shen Y, Lei H, Gao H. Effects of Litchi chinensis fruit isolates on prostaglandin E(2) and nitric oxide production in J774 murine macrophage cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:12. [PMID: 22380404 PMCID: PMC3307436 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Litchi chinensis is regarded as one of the 'heating' fruits in China, which causes serious inflammation symptoms to people. METHODS In the current study, the effects of isolates of litchi on prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) production in J774 murine macrophage cells were investigated. RESULTS The AcOEt extract (EAE) of litchi was found effective on stimulating PGE(2) production, and three compounds, benzyl alcohol, hydrobenzoin and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfurolaldehyde (5-HMF), were isolated and identified from the EAE. Benzyl alcohol caused markedly increase in PGE(2) and NO production, compared with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as positive control, and in a dose-dependent manner. Hydrobenzoin and 5-HMF were found in litchi for the first time, and both of them stimulated PGE(2) and NO production moderately in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression and NF-κB (p50) activation might be involved in mechanism of the stimulative process. CONCLUSION The study showed, some short molecular compounds in litchi play inflammatory effects on human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ruili Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuanming Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yudong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
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