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Bakhtiar Z, Hassandokht M, Naghavi MR, Rezadoost H, Mirjalili MH. Fatty acid and nutrient profiles, diosgenin and trigonelline contents, mineral composition, and antioxidant activity of the seed of some Iranian Trigonella L. species. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:669. [PMID: 39004716 PMCID: PMC11247732 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fenugreeks (Trigonella L. spp.), belonging to the legume family (Fabaceae), are well-known multipurpose crops that their materials are currently received much attention in the pharmaceutical and food industries for the production of healthy and functional foods all over the world. Iran is one of the main diversity origins of this valuable plant. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids profile, proximate composition, content of diosgenin, trigonelline, phenolic acids, total carotenoids, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, and tannins, mucilage and bitterness value, and antioxidant activity of the seed of thirty populations belonging to the ten different Iranian Trigonella species. RESULTS We accordingly identified notable differences in the nutrient and bioactive compounds of each population. The highest content (mg/100 g DW) of ascorbic acid (18.67 ± 0.85‒22.48 ± 0.60) and α-tocopherol (31.61 ± 0.15‒38.78 ± 0.67) were found in the populations of T. filipes and T. coerulescens, respectively. Maximum content of catechin was found in the populations of T. teheranica (52.67 ± 0.05‒63.50 ± 0.72 mg/l). Linoleic acid (> 39.11% ± 0.61%) and linolenic acid (> 48.78 ± 0.39%) were the main polyunsaturated fatty acids, with the majority in the populations of T. stellata (54.81 ± 1.39‒63.46 ± 1.21%). The populations of T. stellata were also rich in trigonelline (4.95 ± 0.03‒7.66 ± 0.16 mg/g DW) and diosgenin (9.06 ± 0.06‒11.03 ± 0.17 mg/g DW). CONCLUSIONS The obtained data provides baseline information to expand the inventory of wild and cultivated Iranian Trigonella species for further exploitation of rich chemotypes in the new foods and specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Bakhtiar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Hassandokht
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Naghavi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hassan Rezadoost
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute of Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran.
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Shawky E, Nassra RA, El-Alkamy AMT, Sallam SM, El Sohafy SM. Unraveling the mechanisms of Fenugreek seed for managing different gynecological disorders: steroidal saponins and isoflavones revealed as key bioactive metabolites. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115865. [PMID: 38000191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
This study employed network pharmacology-based analysis and reverse molecular docking to investigate the molecular targets and pathways associated with gynecological disorders, particularly those related to steroidal hormones and their receptors, and the potential therapeutic effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) constituents. The STITCH 5.0 database was utilized to identify potential molecular targets, and a compound-target network was constructed. The main targets associated with gynecological disorders included estrogen receptor beta (ESR2), estrogen-related receptor gamma (GPER1), oxytocin receptor (OXTR), progesterone receptor (PGR), prolactin receptor (PRLR), and several enzymes involved in sex hormone biosynthesis. Additionally, network topological analysis revealed that specific compounds, such as quercetin, luteolin, genistein, and vitexin, had significant interactions with the identified targets. Reverse molecular docking analysis confirmed the interactions between the identified compounds and target proteins where quercetin, luteolin, genistein, 4'-methylgenistein, trigoneoside IIB, diosgenin, and vitexin possessed the highest combined docking scores, indicating their multi-target nature. The results highlighted the potential of steroidal saponins, isoflavones, and flavones as active constituents of fenugreek with implications for lactation, reproductive processes, and estrogenic activity. The chemical profiling of saponin-enriched and flavonoid-enriched fractions using UPLC/MS/MS further supported the presence of these bioactive compounds. In an animal model study, the steroidal saponins-enriched fraction of fenugreek seed exhibited a significant increase in the body weight of lactating female rats and serum prolactin levels while the flavonoids-enriched fraction showed an increase in serum estradiol levels and improved the histological structure of ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Shawky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Rasha A Nassra
- Medical Biochemistry department, faculty of medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Aliaa M T El-Alkamy
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, faculty of medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M Sallam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Samah M El Sohafy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
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3
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Khatoon F, Azahar M, Uddin Q, Husain N, Moin MS, Khan S. A Comprehensive Review on Trigonella foenum-graecum L. with Special Reference to Unani Medicine. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:187-202. [PMID: 37143276 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230504112848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Trigonella foenum-graecum L., commonly known as Ḥulba or Methi in Unani medicine, is an annual self-pollinating plant belonging to the Leguminosae family. It has been utilized for centuries to treat a wide range of diseases, and modern research has supported its traditional medicinal claims. In this study, the authors have conducted manual and online searches to gather and summarize the scientific literature on Ḥulba. This article seeks to underscore the potential of Ḥulba in addressing a variety of health conditions as identified by esteemed classical Unani scholars, as well as to investigate its phytochemistry and pharmacological properties in contemporary medicine. The authors have utilized electronic databases, such as PubMed, Science Direct, DOAJ, Google Scholar, and Ayush Research Portal to filter published material. According to the gathered literature, Unani physicians have consistently recommended Ḥulba seeds for a variety of ailments, such as indigestion, flatulence, colitis, arthritis, backache, paralysis, headaches, common cold, cough, bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus, vitiligo, and pityriasis. Additionally, the seeds and green leaves of Ḥulba contain several chemical constituents, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and amino acids. Furthermore, several pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Ḥulba possesses various properties, including antidiabetic, antispasmodic, hypolipidemic, immunological, antibacterial, anthelmintic, antiinflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities. Based on the available evidence, it can be concluded that Ḥulba has been effectively used in Unani medicine for treating a wide range of diseases. Unani scholars have extensively documented its pharmacological properties, which have been supported by modern research studies. However, further research is necessary to validate some of the claims made in traditional medicine using scientific parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Khatoon
- Department of Moalajat (Unani Medicine), National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders (NRIUMSD), Hyderabad, 500038, India
| | - Mohd Azahar
- Department of Moalajat (Unani Medicine), National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders (NRIUMSD), Hyderabad, 500038, India
| | - Qamar Uddin
- Department of Moalajat (Unani Medicine), National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders (NRIUMSD), Hyderabad, 500038, India
| | - Nazim Husain
- Department of Medicine (Unani), Luqman Unani Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Bijapur, Karnataka, 586101, India
| | - Md Sanaul Moin
- Department of Pharmacology (Unani), National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders (NRIUMSD), Hyderabad, 500038, India
| | - Shayni Khan
- Department of Pharmacology (Unani), National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders (NRIUMSD), Hyderabad, 500038, India
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4
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Hamilton K, Rahman T, Sadowski J, Karunakaran C, Tanino K. Identification of ultrastructural and biochemical cuticular markers influencing temperature of ice nucleation in selected genotypes of corn. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13902. [PMID: 36999192 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Corn is an economically important yet frost-sensitive crop, injured at the moment of ice nucleation. However, the influence of autumn temperatures on subsequent ice nucleation temperature is unknown. A 10-day chilling treatment under phytotron conditions ("mild", 18/6°C) or ("extreme", 10/5°C) generated no-visible damage but induced changes in the cuticle of the four genotypes in this study. The putatively more cold hardy Genotypes 884 and 959 leaves nucleated at colder temperatures compared to the more sensitive Genotypes 675 and 275. After chilling treatment, all four genotypes displayed warmer ice nucleation temperatures, with Genotype 884 expressing the largest shift to warmer nucleation temperatures. Cuticular hydrophobicity reduced while cuticular thickness remained unchanged under the chilling treatment. By contrast, under five-week field conditions, cuticle thickness increased in all genotypes, with Genotype 256 expressing a significantly thinner cuticle. FTIR spectroscopy revealed increases in the spectral regions of cuticular lipids in all genotypes after phytotron chilling treatment, while those spectral regions decreased under field conditions. A total of 142 molecular compounds were detected, with 28 compounds significantly induced under either phytotron or field conditions. Of these, seven compounds were induced under both conditions (Alkanes C31-C33, Ester C44, C46, β-amyrin, and triterpene). While clear differential responses were observed, chilling conditions preceding a frost modified physical and biochemical properties of the leaf cuticle under both phytotron and field conditions indicating this response is dynamic and could be a factor in selecting corn genotypes better adapted to avoiding frost with lower ice nucleation temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaila Hamilton
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5A8
| | - Tawhidur Rahman
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5A8
| | - Jason Sadowski
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5A8
| | | | - Karen Tanino
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5A8
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Gajbar TD, Kamble M, Adhikari S, Konappa N, Satapute P, Jogaiah S. Gamma-irradiated fenugreek extracts mediates resistance to rice blast disease through modulating histochemical and biochemical changes. Anal Biochem 2021; 618:114121. [PMID: 33515498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The impact of gamma radiation on the activation of rice innate immunity to blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is described. In the present study, fenugreek seed extracts radiated with different doses of gamma rays viz. 5Gy, 10Gy, 15Gy, 20Gy and 25Gy were examined for their presence of biocompounds as well as for its ability to induce plant growth promotion and resistance against rice blast disease. The results of GC-MS analysis detected antimicrobial properties in methanolic extract. Enhanced germination (97%) and vigor (2718) was noticed in seeds pretreated with 20 Gy of gamma radiation in comparison with non-irradiated controls. Under greenhouse conditions, a significant disease protection of 56.7% on 3rd and 4th day after inoculation against rice blast was observed in 15Gy-irradiated rice plants challenge-inoculated with M. oryzae. Further, a significant increase in the hydrogen peroxide, phenol and lignin deposition was noticed in 20Gy-irradiated rice plants. Additionally, rice plants pretreated with 15Gy induced maximum activities of peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) compared to untreated control plants. These findings revealed that rice plants-pretreated with gamma radiation elicit resistance against rice blast disease as well as strengthening the growth parameters by modulating cellular and biochemical defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeembanu D Gajbar
- Laboratory of Plant Healthcare and Diagnostics, PG Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnataka University, Dharwad, 580 003, Karnataka, India
| | - Milan Kamble
- Laboratory of Plant Healthcare and Diagnostics, PG Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnataka University, Dharwad, 580 003, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivakantkumar Adhikari
- Laboratory of Plant Healthcare and Diagnostics, PG Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnataka University, Dharwad, 580 003, Karnataka, India
| | - Narasimhamurthy Konappa
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560 056, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Satapute
- Laboratory of Plant Healthcare and Diagnostics, PG Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnataka University, Dharwad, 580 003, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudisha Jogaiah
- Laboratory of Plant Healthcare and Diagnostics, PG Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnataka University, Dharwad, 580 003, Karnataka, India.
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Raheem Lahmod N, Talib Alkooranee J, Gatea Alshammary AA, Rodrigo-Comino J. Effect of Wheat Straw as a Cover Crop on the Chlorophyll, Seed, and Oilseed Yield of Trigonella foeunm graecum L under Water Deficiency and Weed Competition. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E503. [PMID: 31739581 PMCID: PMC6918169 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of water stress on fenugreek crops are well documented. However, little is known about how these plants respond to water deficits under a soil-mulching system when the surface is protected. Therefore, the current research aims to demonstrate the possibility of reducing the impact of water stress and weed competition on the fenugreek crop through the use of wheat residues as a cover crop on the soil surface. A field experiment was carried out during the winter season (2016-2017) using a split-plot design arrangement with three replicates. The experiments included four levels of water deficit, which consisted of a 40% depletion treatment as a control plot, and 50%, 60%, and 70% depletion from the field capacity (DFC) for the other studied fields. The subplot division consisted of mulching the soil with wheat residues. The results demonstrated that soil-mulching systems and a water deficit are able to impact the fenugreek yield of seed and oil. Additionally, soil mulching led to a decrease in weed density and biomass, chlorophyll content, and biological yield. Although high water deficit (70% DFC) led to yield and growth reduction, the use of wheat residue as a cover crop moderated the effect of a strong water deficit on plants and showed clear reduction of weed growth. Therefore, the results suggest that soil mulching can mitigate the adverse effects of water deficit by conserving soil moisture and decreasing weeds, which can be considered an acclimation mechanism under water-deficit conditions to avoid yield loss. Moreover, the allelopathic effects of wheat residue were observed on fenugreek crops subjected to irrigation after depleting 40% soil water moisture, but these effects disappeared within 90 days of sowing. We conclude that these results can help future agricultural planning and systems in order to increase productivity, reduce irrigation costs, and conserve soil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Raheem Lahmod
- Field crops Department, College of Agriculture, University of Wasit, Wasit 00964, Iraq;
| | | | - Ahmed Abed Gatea Alshammary
- Soil Science and Water Resources Departments, College of Agriculture, University of Wasit, Wasit 00964, Iraq;
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Jesús Rodrigo-Comino
- Physical Geography, Trier University, 54286 Trier, Germany;
- Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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7
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Hozzein WN, Saleh AM, Habeeb TH, Wadaan MAM, AbdElgawad H. CO 2 treatment improves the hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant properties of fenugreek seeds. Food Chem 2019; 308:125661. [PMID: 31669948 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A high level of serum cholesterol is a major cause of atherosclerosis. Fenugreek is a well-known hypocholesterolaemic agent with amazing phytochemical composition. Due to its impact on plant metabolism, CO2 enrichment was tested as a strategy to support functional values in fenugreek seeds. Phytochemical composition and biological activities of three fenugreek cultivars (G2, G6 and G30) grown under ambient (aCO2, 400 μmol mol-1) and elevated CO2 (eCO2, 620 μmol mol-1) were assessed. Applying eCO2 improved physical parameters of fenugreek seeds, and enhanced their biological activities. A significant increase in hypocholesterolaemic potential, as indicated by inhibition of cholesterol micellar solubility and pancreatic lipase activity, was recorded. In addition, antioxidant, anti-lipid peroxidation and antibacterial activities were improved. These enhanced biological activities were accompanied by improved seed chemical composition at the primary and secondary metabolic levels. Therefore, eCO2 treatment represents an efficient strategy to increase the hypocholesterolaemic, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of fenugreek seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael N Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Saleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Biology Department, Faculty of Science at Yanbu, Taibah University, King Khalid Rd., Al Amoedi, 46423 Yanbu El-Bahr, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Talaat H Habeeb
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science at Yanbu, Taibah University, King Khalid Rd., Al Amoedi, 46423 Yanbu El-Bahr, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A M Wadaan
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt; Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
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Endorsing and extending the repertory of nutraceutical and antioxidant sources in mangoes during postharvest shelf life. Food Chem 2019; 285:119-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ultrasound Assisted Green Synthesis of Silver and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Fenugreek Seed Extract and Their Enhanced Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1714358. [PMID: 31080808 PMCID: PMC6476140 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1714358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study reports a facile and ecofriendly approach for the ultrasound assisted synthesis of silver and iron oxide nanoparticles and their enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The fenugreek seed extract was used as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent in the synthesis of nanoparticles. The transmission electron microscopy results showed that nanoparticles synthesized by ultrasonication have a smaller size (~20 nm) as compared to the nanoparticles fabricated by magnetic stirring (~40 nm). The color change of the solution from milky white to brown suggested the formation of silver nanoparticles which was confirmed by the presence of an absorbance peak at 396 nm. The results of powder X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the crystallinity and elements present in nanoparticles synthesized using fenugreek seed extract. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed that the fenugreek seed phytochemicals were coated on the nanoparticle surface. Thermal gravimetric analysis showed the thermal degradation and stability of nanoparticles. Magnetization study of iron oxide nanoparticles confirmed the superparamagnetic nature. The silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial activities against both gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, while no antibacterial activities were observed for iron oxide nanoparticles. The ultrasound assisted nanoparticles showed higher stability and antibacterial and antioxidant activity compared with the nanoparticles fabricated by magnetic stirring.
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A new methodology capable of characterizing most volatile and less volatile minor edible oils components in a single chromatographic run without solvents or reagents. Detection of new components. Food Chem 2017; 221:1135-1144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ahmad A, Alghamdi SS, Mahmood K, Afzal M. Fenugreek a multipurpose crop: Potentialities and improvements. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 23:300-10. [PMID: 27307778 PMCID: PMC4894452 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek is one of the oldest medicinal plants with exceptional medicinal and nutritional profile. Fenugreek seeds contain a substantial amount of fiber, phospholipids, glycolipids, oleic acid, linolenic acid, linoleic acid, choline, vitamins A, B1, B2, C, nicotinic acid, niacin, and many other functional elements. It may grow well under diverse and a wide range of conditions; it is moderately tolerant to drought and salinity, and can even be grown on marginal lands in profitable way. Owing to these characteristics and heavy metal remediation potential, fenugreek may well fit several cropping systems. In addition to its medicinal uses, it may serve as an excellent off-season fodder and animal food supplement. However, efforts should be initiated to develop strategies for improving its biomass production; genetic diversity among different accessions may be mapped, breeding and crop improvement programs may be initiated to improve the biomass and nutritional and functional elements. This review highlights the morphology, adaptability, nutritional constituents and associated functionality and medicinal significance of fenugreek; its ethno-historical uses, pharmacological assumptions have also been discussed. Researchable areas are also indicated to improve its production and adaptability.
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Key Words
- AAS, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
- Antioxidants
- CAT, catalase
- Crop improvement
- EMS, ethylmethane sulfonate
- ESP, exchangeable sodium percentage
- Gaps
- HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- ISSR, inter-simple sequence repeat
- IU, international unit
- LDL-C, low density lipoproteins-cholesterol
- Marginal lands
- NAEs, N-acylethanolamines
- PGRs, plant growth regulators
- Pharmacological
- RAE, retinol activity equivalents
- RAPD, random amplified polymorphic DNA
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Ahmad
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem S. Alghamdi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaiser Mahmood
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Singh N, Ravichandran S, Spelman K, Fugmann SD, Moaddel R. The identification of a novel SIRT6 modulator from Trigonella foenum-graecum using ligand fishing with protein coated magnetic beads. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 968:105-11. [PMID: 24704183 PMCID: PMC4127357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
SIRT6 is a histone deacetylase that has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders and the prevention of age-associated diseases. Thus the identification of compounds that modulate SIRT6 activity could be of great therapeutic importance. We have previously developed an H3K9 deacetylation guided assay with SIRT6 coated magnetic beads (SIRT6-MB). With the developed assay, we identified quercetin, naringenin and vitexin as SIRT6 inhibitors from T. foenum-graecum seed extract using a candidate approach. Currently, the predominant method for the identification of active compounds from a plant extract is carried out through a dereplication process. A novel targeted approach for the direct identification of active compounds from a complex matrix could save time and resources. Herein, we report the application of the SIRT6-MB for 'fishing' experiments utilizing T. foenum-graecum seed extract. In which orientin, and seventeen other compounds were identified as SIRT6 binders. This is the first use of this method for 'fishing' out active ligands from a botanical matrix, and sets the basis for the identification of active compounds from a complex matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Singh
- Biomedical Research Center, National institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - S Ravichandran
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Information Systems Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - K Spelman
- Health, Education & Research in Botanical Medicine, 2209 Dollarhide Way, Ashland, OR 97520, USA
| | - S D Fugmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taiwan
| | - R Moaddel
- Biomedical Research Center, National institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Banerjee A, Variyar PS, Chatterjee S, Sharma A. Effect of post harvest radiation processing and storage on the volatile oil composition and glucosinolate profile of cabbage. Food Chem 2014; 151:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Yang R, Wang H, Jing N, Ding C, Suo Y, You J. Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Seed Oil Obtained by Supercritical CO2 Extraction. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-012-2123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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