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Nybom H, Ruan C, Rumpunen K. The Systematics, Reproductive Biology, Biochemistry, and Breeding of Sea Buckthorn-A Review. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2120. [PMID: 38136942 PMCID: PMC10743242 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the fruit flesh and seeds of sea buckthorn have multiple uses for medicinal and culinary purposes, including the valuable market for supplementary health foods. Bioactive compounds, such as essential amino acids, vitamins B, C, and E, carotenoids, polyphenols, ursolic acid, unsaturated fatty acids, and other active substances, are now being analyzed in detail for their medicinal properties. Domestication with commercial orchards and processing plants is undertaken in many countries, but there is a large need for improved plant material with high yield, tolerance to environmental stress, diseases, and pests, suitability for efficient harvesting methods, and high contents of compounds that have medicinal and/or culinary values. Applied breeding is based mainly on directed crosses between different subspecies of Hippophae rhamnoides. DNA markers have been applied to analyses of systematics and population genetics as well as for the discrimination of cultivars, but very few DNA markers have as yet been developed for use in selection and breeding. Several key genes in important metabolic pathways have, however, been identified, and four genomes have recently been sequenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Nybom
- Department of Plant Breeding–Balsgård, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 29194 Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Chengjiang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China;
| | - Kimmo Rumpunen
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden;
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2
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Żuchowski J. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of sea buckthorn ( Elaeagnus rhamnoides; syn. Hippophae rhamnoides): progress from 2010 to 2021. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2022; 22:3-33. [PMID: 35971438 PMCID: PMC9366820 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-022-09832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sea buckthorn (Elaeagnus rhamnoides; syn. Hippophae rhamnoides) is a thorny shrub or a small tree belonging to the Elaeagnaceae family, native to Eurasia. Sea buckthorn fruit is rich in vitamins and minerals, oils from the seeds and fruit flesh find use in medicine and the cosmetic industry or as nutraceutical supplements. Fruit, leaves and other parts of buckthorn have been used in traditional medicine, especially in China, Tibet, Mongolia, and Central Asia countries, and are a rich source of many bioactive substances. Due to its health-promoting and medicinal properties, the plant has been extensively investigated for several decades, and its phytochemical composition and pharmacological properties are well characterized. The years 2010-2021 brought significant progress in phytochemical research on sea buckthorn. Dozens of new compounds, mainly phenolics, were isolated from this plant. Numerous pharmacological studies were also performed, investigating diverse aspects of the biological activity of different extracts and natural products from sea buckthorn. This review focuses on the progress in research on sea buckthorn specialized metabolites made in this period. Pharmacological studies on sea buckthorn are also discussed. In addition, biosynthetic pathways of the main groups of these compounds have been shortly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Żuchowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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3
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Shen C, Wang T, Guo F, Sun K, Wang B, Wang J, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Chen Y. Structural characterization and intestinal protection activity of polysaccharides from Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berries. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 274:118648. [PMID: 34702467 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berries are rich in various bioactive components and widely used as fruit and traditional medicine. In this study, a novel heteropolysaccharide fraction (SP0.1-1) was isolated from Sea buckthorn berries. SP0.1-1 is composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose in the molar ratio of 1:2.3:1.9:11.2 with a core structure containing 1,4-linked-α-d-Glcp, 1,4,6-linked-α-d-Glcp and 1,4-linked-α-d-Manp residues as the backbone. And the side-chains comprised of 1,3,5-linked-α-l-Araf, 1,5-linked-α-l-Araf, terminal α-Araf and 1,4-linked-β-d-Galp. Furthermore, a diet supplemented with SP0.1-1 extended the mean lifespan, enhanced antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px; and catalase, CAT) activities, and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced mortality rate in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). To summarize, the study's findings will provide evidence for the development of sea buckthorn polysaccharide products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Wang
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Guo
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunlai Sun
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zefeng Zhang
- BeiGene Company, 6 Jianguomenwai Avenue, Central International Trade Center 22nd Floor, Tower D Chaoyang District, Beijing 100022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Zhao
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yin Chen
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316000, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Gâtlan AM, Gutt G. Sea Buckthorn in Plant Based Diets. An Analytical Approach of Sea Buckthorn Fruits Composition: Nutritional Value, Applications, and Health Benefits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18178986. [PMID: 34501575 PMCID: PMC8431556 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18178986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Current nutritional trends include plant-based diets as nutritional behavior of consumers who are increasingly concerned about a healthy lifestyle. Sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) is a plant with great virtues, containing more than 100 types of compounds. It is a plant with versatile properties, multiple economic advantages and a rich history, which still continues in natural medicine, and it is hence included in the daily diet by more and more people for the prevention and treatment of diet-related diseases. Its uniqueness is due to its chemical composition and the health beneficial properties that rise from its composition. This review is a detailed analytical picture of the current state of knowledge currently available regarding the Hippophaë plant, providing an overview of the qualities of sea buckthorn. This article summarizes data on sea buckthorn’s nutritional value, health beneficial properties, and its applications.
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5
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Main Agro-Morphological and Biochemical Berry Characteristics of Wild-Grown Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L. ssp. caucasica Rousi) Genotypes in Turkey. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13031198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L. ssp. caucasica Rousi) is one of the most important wild edible fruits, grown in Turkey for centuries without any chemical treatments. The plant is extremely resistant to adverse environmental conditions. In this study, the main agro-morphological and biochemical berry traits and, to a lesser extent, other plant morphological traits of 10 sea buckthorn genotypes sampled from the eastern Anatolia (Sivas province) region were assessed. Among the 10 genotypes, five of them presented a shrub growth habit, whereas five of them presented tree growth habit, with leaf area ranging from 2.56 to 4.22 cm2. The majority of genotypes had an oblong berry shape with variable berry skin color ranging from dark orange to orange, light orange, and yellow. The weight of 100 berries varied from 13.85 to 23.87 g, while juice yield and vitamin C content was found to be 44.87–57.15% and 37.45–62.85 mg/100 g fresh berry base, respectively. Soluble solid content (SSC) was in the range of 12.56–14.67%. The genotypes exhibited a great variability in total anthocyanin content (from 9.1 to 38.7 mg/L), with relatively dark-orange sea buckthorn berries containing more anthocyanin than orange, light-orange, and yellow berries. Linoleic acid was the main fatty acid detected in the pulp of sea buckthorn berries, ranging from 24.11% to 36.37%, depending on the genotype. Investigated genotypes proved also to be rich in total phenolic content, showing at the same time great variability in this trait. The results obtained from the relatively limited number of genotypes show promising traits for further valorization of both horticultural and nutritional traits, suggesting potentially even higher variability, if more genotypes are going to be considered in the future.
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Ciesarová Z, Murkovic M, Cejpek K, Kreps F, Tobolková B, Koplík R, Belajová E, Kukurová K, Daško Ľ, Panovská Z, Revenco D, Burčová Z. Why is sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) so exceptional? A review. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109170. [PMID: 32466930 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae L.) is a valuable, multipurpose plant extensively grown in Asia, Europe and Canada. In order to use it in the best way for products of human nutrition, it is necessary to recognize its positive aspects and to eliminate the negative ones. The exceptional value of sea buckthorn can be seen in the presence of both lipophilic antioxidants (mainly carotenoids and tocopherols) and hydrophilic antioxidants (flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, ascorbic acid) in remarkably high quantities. Some of the main nutrients, especially lipids of advantageous fatty acid composition, contribute to nutritional benefits of sea buckthorn products for a consumer as well. This review article focuses, besides the above mentioned compounds and vitamins, also on other important components, such as sugars, sugar derivatives, fibre, organic acids, proteins, amino acids and mineral elements. The article also deals with the effects of sea buckthorn components on the course of non-enzymatic browning of food and in vivo glycation. In addition, sensory perception of sea buckthorn and its constituents from the consumers point of view is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Ciesarová
- NPPC National Agricultural and Food Centre, Food Research Institute, Priemyselná 4, 824 75 Bratislava, the Slovak Republic.
| | - Michael Murkovic
- Graz University of Technology, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Chemical and Process Engineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Petersgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karel Cejpek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, the Czech Republic
| | - František Kreps
- Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, the Slovak Republic
| | - Blanka Tobolková
- NPPC National Agricultural and Food Centre, Food Research Institute, Priemyselná 4, 824 75 Bratislava, the Slovak Republic
| | - Richard Koplík
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, the Czech Republic
| | - Elena Belajová
- NPPC National Agricultural and Food Centre, Food Research Institute, Priemyselná 4, 824 75 Bratislava, the Slovak Republic
| | - Kristína Kukurová
- NPPC National Agricultural and Food Centre, Food Research Institute, Priemyselná 4, 824 75 Bratislava, the Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubomír Daško
- NPPC National Agricultural and Food Centre, Food Research Institute, Priemyselná 4, 824 75 Bratislava, the Slovak Republic
| | - Zdenka Panovská
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, the Czech Republic
| | - Diomid Revenco
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, the Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Burčová
- Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, the Slovak Republic
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Criste A, Urcan AC, Bunea A, Pripon Furtuna FR, Olah NK, Madden RH, Corcionivoschi N. Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activity of Berries and Leaves from Four Romanian Sea Buckthorn ( Hippophae Rhamnoides L.) Varieties. Molecules 2020; 25:E1170. [PMID: 32150954 PMCID: PMC7179145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippophae rhamnoides L. is an important source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. Phytochemical compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of berries, and leaf extracts from four Romanian sea buckthorn cultivars were investigated. Large differences in the content of total polyphenols and flavonoids between the varieties were observed. HPLC analysis of the polyphenolic compounds showed greater differences in content in leaves than in berries. This study confirmed that sea buckthorn leaves and berries are a rich source of phenolic compounds, especially quercetin derivatives and hydrocinnamic acid derivatives. Five carotenoid compounds were identified in the berries: lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, cis-β-carotene, and β-carotene. From the results obtained in this study, it can be stated that the varieties whose berries yielded the highest quantities of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity, can be ranked as follows: SF6 > Golden Abundant > Carmen > Colosal, and for leaf extracts the ranked order is SF6 > Golden Abundant > Colosal > Carmen. A strong correlation between the total flavonoid yield and antioxidant activity (r = 0.96), was observed. All extracts showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. cereus, and P. aeruginosa, however extracts from berries were less potent than extracts from leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Criste
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Romania
| | - Adriana Cristina Urcan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Romania
| | - Andrea Bunea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Romania;
| | | | - Neli Kinga Olah
- SC PlantExtrakt SRL, Rădaia, jud. Cluj 407059, Romania; (F.R.P.F.); (N.K.O.)
| | - Robert H. Madden
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK; (R.H.M.); (N.C.)
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK; (R.H.M.); (N.C.)
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8
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Bellacicco S, Prades A, Char C, Vaysse L, Granet F, Lacote R, Gohet E, Flori A, Sainte Beuve J, Bonfils F. The Sugar and Polyol Composition of Hevea Brasiliensis Latex Depends on the Clonal Origin of the Tree. J RUBBER RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03449172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Zheng J, Huang C, Yang B, Kallio H, Liu P, Ou S. Regulation of phytochemicals in fruits and berries by environmental variation-Sugars and organic acids. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12642. [PMID: 31353611 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sugars and organic acids are important phytochemicals contributing to the nutrition and sensory properties of fruits and berries. Their contents are closely correlated to the genetic background of plants as well as to the environmental conditions during growth. This review focuses on the recent researches on the metabolism of these compounds in fruits and berries in response to the variation of environmental conditions, including temperature, radiation, and water supply. A great deal of investigations indicates that the influence of environmental factors on the composition of fruits/berries depended largely on the genetic background. Moreover, the metabolic regulation in response to environmental changes also varies between different plant developmental stages. Nevertheless, some general trends, like the positive correlation between light intensity and sugar content, were observed in most investigations. In grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), the content of malic acid always decreases as light intensity increases, and as the water supply decreases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The contents of sugars and organic acids, and especially their relative ratio, are important indicators determining the taste and quality of fruits and fruit products. In this review, we summarized the investigations carried out on the regulation of these sensory contributing primary metabolites in fruits and berries in relation to the variation of environmental conditions. It was indicated that various factors, such as plant genotype, growing period, and interaction between environmental factors, might contribute to the impact of environmental changes on the composition of fruits/berries. The article not only provides comprehensive knowledges in food chemistry and plant physiology but also provide important background knowledge for berry cultivation and breeding, as well as useful guidelines for utilization of fruits and berries in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Caihuan Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Kallio
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pengzhan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Kortesniemi M, Sinkkonen J, Yang B, Kallio H. NMR metabolomics demonstrates phenotypic plasticity of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) berries with respect to growth conditions in Finland and Canada. Food Chem 2017; 219:139-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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11
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Zheng J, Kallio H, Yang B. Sea Buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides ssp. rhamnoides) Berries in Nordic Environment: Compositional Response to Latitude and Weather Conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5031-44. [PMID: 27215398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Flavonol glycosides (FGs) in sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides ssp. rhamnoides) berries of varieties 'Tytti' and 'Terhi', cultivated in northern Finland (68°02' N) for six years and southern Finland (60°23' N) for seven years, were investigated and compared by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. The average total content of 23 identified glycosides of isorhamnetin and quercetin was 103 ± 23 and 110 ± 21 mg/100 g fresh berries in 'Terhi' and 'Tytti', respectively. The total contents of FGs, flavonol diglycosides, and triglycosides in both varieties were higher in the north than in the south, whereas total flavonol monoglycoside content behaved vice versa (p < 0.05). Among the 89 weather variables studied, the sum of the daily mean temperatures that are 5 °C or higher from the start of growth season until the day of harvest was the most important variable which associated negatively with the accumulation of FGs in berries. Such influence was much stronger in berries from the north than from the south.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University , 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Heikki Kallio
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University , 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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12
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Wu ZC, Yang ZY, Li JG, Chen HB, Huang XM, Wang HC. Methyl-inositol, γ-aminobutyric acid and other health benefit compounds in the aril of litchi. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:762-72. [PMID: 27314889 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1198888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The available components in the flesh of litchi seem insufficient to interpret its wide and significant physiological effects. Some unusual compounds, including myo-inositol, inositol methyl derivatives and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were identified as main constituents in the flesh of litchi. Their concentrations varied among cultivars but remain relatively constant during development. Litchi flesh was shown to contain moderate myo-inositol (0.28-0.78 mg g(-1) FW), ascorbic acid (0.08-0.39 mg g(-1) FW) and phenolics (0.47-1.60 mg g(-1) FW), but abundant l-quebrachitol (1.6-6.4 mg g(-1) FW) and GABA (1.7-3.5 mg g(-1) FW). The concentration of GABA in the flesh of litchi was about 100 times higher than in other fruits. And l-quebrachitol is not a common component in fruits. The biological and physiological activities of inositols, inositol derivatives and GABA have been extensively documented. These compounds are probably important compositional characteristic contributing to the widely shown health benefits of litchi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Chen Wu
- a Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhuan-Ying Yang
- a Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China ;,b Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Jian-Guo Li
- a Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hou-Bin Chen
- a Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xu-Ming Huang
- a Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hui-Cong Wang
- a Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
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13
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Leung GS, Marriott R. Year to year variation in sea buckthorn juice volatiles using headspace solid phase microextraction. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gee-Sian Leung
- BioComposites Centre; Bangor University, Bangor Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Ray Marriott
- BioComposites Centre; Bangor University, Bangor Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
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14
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Effect of growth environment on the gene expression and lipids related to triacylglycerol biosynthesis in sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) berries. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Xue Y, Miao Q, Zhao A, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Wang P, Kallio H, Yang B. Effects of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) juice and L-quebrachitol on type 2 diabetes mellitus in db/db mice. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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16
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Kortesniemi M, Sinkkonen J, Yang B, Kallio H. 1H NMR spectroscopy reveals the effect of genotype and growth conditions on composition of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) berries. Food Chem 2014; 147:138-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Dulf FV. Fatty acids in berry lipids of six sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L., subspecies carpatica) cultivars grown in Romania. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:106. [PMID: 22995716 PMCID: PMC3505179 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A systematic mapping of the phytochemical composition of different sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) fruit subspecies is still lacking. No data relating to the fatty acid composition of main lipid fractions from the berries of ssp. carpatica (Romania) have been previously reported. Results The fatty acid composition of the total lipids (oils) and the major lipid fractions (PL, polar lipids; FFA, free fatty acids; TAG, triacylglycerols and SE, sterol esters) of the oils extracted from different parts of six sea buckthorn berry subspecies (ssp. carpatica) cultivated in Romania were investigated using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The dominating fatty acids in pulp/peel and whole berry oils were palmitic (23-40%), oleic (20-53%) and palmitoleic (11-27%). In contrast to the pulp oils, seed oils had higher amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (65-72%). The fatty acid compositions of TAGs were very close to the compositions of corresponding seed and pulp oils. The major fatty acids in PLs of berry pulp/peel oils were oleic (20-40%), palmitic (17-27%), palmitoleic (10-22%) and linoleic (10%-20%) acids, whereas in seeds PLs, PUFAs prevailed. Comparing with the other lipid fractions the SEs had the highest contents of saturated fatty acids (SFAs). The fatty acid profiles of the FFA fractions were relatively similar to those of TAGs. Conclusions All parts of the analyzed sea buckthorn berry cultivars (ssp. carpatica) exhibited higher oil content then the other European or Asiatic sea buckthorn subspecies. Moreover, the pulp/peel oils of ssp. carpatica were found to contain high levels of oleic acid and slightly lower amounts of linoleic and α-linolenic acids. The studied cultivars of sea buckthorn from Romania have proven to be potential sources of valuable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisc V Dulf
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Manastur 3-5, 400372, Romania.
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De Almeida MV, Couri MRC, De Assis JV, Anconi CPA, Dos Santos HF, De Almeida WB. (1) H NMR analysis of O-methyl-inositol isomers: a joint experimental and theoretical study. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2012; 50:608-614. [PMID: 22865668 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of (1) H NMR chemical shifts for l-quebrachitol isomers were performed using the B3LYP functional employing the 6-31G(d,p) and 6-311 + G(2d,p) basis sets. The effect of the solvent on the B3LYP-calculated NMR spectrum was accounted for using the polarizable continuum model. Comparison is made with experimental (1) H NMR spectroscopic data, which shed light on the average uncertainty present in DFT calculations of chemical shifts and showed that the best match between experimental and theoretical B3LYP (1) H NMR profiles is a good strategy to assign the molecular structure present in the sample handled in the experimental measurements. Among four plausible O-methyl-inositol isomers, the l-quebrachitol 2a structure was unambiguously assigned based only on the comparative analysis of experimental and theoretical (1) H NMR chemical shift data. The B3LYP infrared (IR) spectrum was also calculated for the four isomers and compared with the experimental data, with analysis of the theoretical IR profiles corroborating assignment of the 2a structure. Therefore, it is confirmed in this study that a combined experimental/DFT spectroscopic investigation is a powerful tool in structural/conformational analysis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro V De Almeida
- Departamento de Química, ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Martelos, 36036-330, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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Zheng J, Yang B, Trépanier M, Kallio H. Effects of genotype, latitude, and weather conditions on the composition of sugars, sugar alcohols, fruit acids, and ascorbic acid in sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides ssp. mongolica) berry juice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:3180-9. [PMID: 22397621 DOI: 10.1021/jf204577g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sea buckthorn berries (Hippophaë rhamnoides ssp. mongolica) of nine varieties were collected from three growth locations in five inconsecutive years (n = 152) to study the compositional differences of sugars, sugar alcohols, fruit acids, and ascorbic acid in berries of different genotypes. Fructose and glucose (major sugars) were highest in Chuiskaya and Vitaminaya among the varieties studied, respectively. Malic acid and quinic acid (major acids) were highest in Pertsik and Vitaminaya, respectively. Ascorbic acid was highest in Oranzhevaya and lowest in Vitaminaya. Berry samples of nine varieties collected from two growth locations in five years (n = 124) were combined to study the effects of latitude and weather conditions on the composition of H. rhamnoides ssp. mongolica. Sea buckthorn berries grown at lower latitude had higher levels of total sugar and sugar/acid ratio and a lower level of total acid and were supposed to have better sensory properties than those grown at higher latitude. Glucose, quinic acid, and ascorbic acid were hardly influenced by weather conditions. The other components showed various correlations with temperature, radiation, precipitation, and humidity variables. In addition, fructose, sucrose, and myo-inositol correlated positively with each other and showed negative correlation with malic acid on the basis of all the samples studied (n = 152).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Ksouri R, Ksouri WM, Jallali I, Debez A, Magné C, Hiroko I, Abdelly C. Medicinal halophytes: potent source of health promoting biomolecules with medical, nutraceutical and food applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2011; 32:289-326. [PMID: 22129270 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2011.630647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Salt-tolerant plants grow in a wide variety of saline habitats, from coastal regions, salt marshes and mudflats to inland deserts, salt flats and steppes. Halophytes living in these extreme environments have to deal with frequent changes in salinity level. This can be done by developing adaptive responses including the synthesis of several bioactive molecules. Consequently, several salt marsh plants have traditionally been used for medical, nutritional, and even artisanal purposes. Currently, an increasing interest is granted to these species because of their high content in bioactive compounds (primary and secondary metabolites) such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, vitamins, sterols, essential oils (terpenes), polysaccharides, glycosides, and phenolic compounds. These bioactive substances display potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumoral activities, and therefore represent key-compounds in preventing various diseases (e.g. cancer, chronic inflammation, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disorder) and ageing processes. The ongoing research will lead to the utilisation of halophytes as a new source of healthy products as functional foods, nutraceuticals or active principles in several industries. This contribution focuses on the ethnopharmacological uses of halophytes in traditional medicine and reviews recent investigations on their biological activities and nutraceuticals. The work is distributed according to the different families of nutraceuticals (lipids, vitamins, proteins, glycosides, phenolic compounds, etc.) discussing the analytical techniques employed for their determination. Information about the claimed health promoting effects of the different families of nutraceuticals is also provided together with data on their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Ksouri
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie à la Technopole de BorjCédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia.
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Zhao J, Lv GP, Chen YW, Li SP. Advanced development in analysis of phytochemicals from medicine and food dual purposes plants used in China. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7453-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Antioxidant-Rich Extract from Dehydrated Seabuckthorn Berries by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-011-0613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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