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Li B, Cui J, Xu T, Xu Y, Long M, Li J, Liu M, Yang T, Du Y, Xu Q. Advances in the preparation, characterization, and biological functions of chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121914. [PMID: 38431416 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), which represent the positively charged basic amino oligosaccharide in nature, is the deacetylated and degraded products of chitin. COS has become the focus of intensive scientific investigation, with a growing body of practical and clinical studies highlighting its remarkable health-enhancing benefits. These effects encompass a wide range of properties, including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. With the rapid advancements in chemical modification technology for oligosaccharides, many COS derivatives have been synthesized and investigated. These newly developed derivatives possess more stable chemical structures, improved biological activities, and find applications across a broader spectrum of fields. Given the recent interest in the chemical modification of COS, this comprehensive review seeks to consolidate knowledge regarding the preparation methods for COS derivatives, alongside discussions on their structural characterization. Additionally, various biological activities of COS derivatives have been discussed in detail. Lastly, the potential applications of COS derivatives in biomedicine have been reviewed and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jingchun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Tiantian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yunshu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Mingxin Long
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Mingzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yuguang Du
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Qingsong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
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Bui VH, Vo HTN, Kim SK, Ngo DN. Caffeic acid-grafted chitooligosaccharides downregulate MAPK and NF-kB in RAW264.7 cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14496. [PMID: 38444006 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide (COS) is a derivative of chitosan, which is a natural macromolecular compound. COS has been shown effects in an inflammatory response. Recent reports show that COS derivatives have enhanced anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting intracellular signals. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of caffeic acid conjugated COS chain (CA-COS) was performed in this study. The effects of CA-COS on the inflammatory response were demonstrated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The results showed that CA-COS inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and downregulated the gene expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, and IL-6 without cytotoxic effect. In addition, western blot analysis showed that CA-COS inhibits the protein expression of iNOS and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), including p50 and p65, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Collectively, these results provide clear evidence for the anti-inflammatory mechanism of CA-COS that show great potential as a novel agent for the prevention and therapy of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Hoai Bui
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology-Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade (HUIT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hong-Tham N Vo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology-Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dai-Nghiep Ngo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology-Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Multifunctional role of chitosan in farm animals: a comprehensive review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The deacetylation of chitin results in chitosan, a fibrous-like material. It may be produced in large quantities since the raw material (chitin) is plentiful in nature as a component of crustacean (shrimps and crabs) and insect hard outer skeletons, as well as the cell walls of some fungi. Chitosan is a nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible polygluchitosanamine that contains two essential reactive functional groups, including amino and hydroxyl groups. This unique chemical structure confers chitosan with many biological functions and activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antitumor, immunostimulatory and hypocholesterolemic, when used as a feed additive for farm animals. Studies have indicated the beneficial effects of chitosan on animal health and performance, aside from its safer use as an antibiotic alternative. This review aimed to highlight the effects of chitosan on animal health and performance when used as a promising feed additive.
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Yong H, Hu H, Yun D, Jin C, Liu J. Horseradish peroxidase catalyzed grafting of chitosan oligosaccharide with different flavonols: structures, antioxidant activity and edible coating application. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4363-4372. [PMID: 35066885 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzymatic catalyzed grafting of oligosaccharides with polyphenols is a safe and environmentally friendly approach to simultaneously enhance the bioactivity of oligosaccharides and the solubility of polyphenols. In this study, chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was grafted with three different flavonols including myricetin (MYR), quercetin (QUE) and kaempferol (KAE) by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalysis. The structures, antioxidant activity and edible coating application of COS-flavonol conjugates were investigated. RESULTS The total phenol content of COS-MYR, COS-QUE and COS-KAE conjugates was 59.89, 68.37 and 53.77 mg gallic acid equivalents g-1 , respectively. Thin layer chromatography showed the conjugates did not contain ungrafted flavonols. COS-flavonol conjugates showed ultraviolet absorption peak at about 294 nm, corresponding to the A-ring of flavonols. Fourier-transform infrared spectra of conjugates confirmed the formation of Schiff-base and Michael-addition products. The proton-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of COS-KAE conjugate exhibited phenyl proton signals of KAE. X-ray diffraction patterns of conjugates showed some diffraction peaks of flavonols. COS-flavonol conjugates presented rough and porous morphologies with sheet-like and/or blocky structures. The conjugates showed higher water solubility, free radical scavenging activity and reducing power than flavonols. Moreover, fish gelatin/COS-flavonol conjugate coatings effectively prolonged the shelf life of refrigerated largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fillets from 5 days to 7-8 days. CONCLUSION COS-flavonol conjugates prepared by HRP catalysis have great potentials as novel antioxidant agents. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huixia Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Changhai Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
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López-Valverde N, López-Valverde A, Cortés MP, Rodríguez C, Macedo De Sousa B, Aragoneses JM. Bone Quantification Around Chitosan-Coated Titanium Dental Implants: A Preliminary Study by Micro-CT Analysis in Jaw of a Canine Model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:858786. [PMID: 35464727 PMCID: PMC9023049 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.858786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface treatments of Ti in the dental implant industry are performed with the aim of in-creasing its bioactivity and osseointegration capacity. Chitosan (Cht) is a polysaccharide that has been proposed as a promising biomaterial in tissue engineering and bone regeneration, due to its ability to stimulate the recruitment and adhesion of osteogenic progenitor cells. The aim of our preliminary study was to evaluate, by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), the osseointegration and bone formation around Cht-coated implants and to compare them with conventional surface-etched implants (SLA type). Four im-plants (8.5 mm length × 3.5 mm Ø) per hemiarch, were inserted into the jaws of five dogs, divided into two groups: chitosan-coated implant group (ChtG) and control group (CG). Twelve weeks after surgery, euthanasia was performed, and sectioned bone blocks were obtained and scanned by micro-CT and two bone parameters were measured: bone in contact with the implant surface (BCIS) and peri-implant bone area (PIBA). For BCIS and PIBA statistically significant values were obtained for the ChtG group with respect to CG (p = 0.005; p = 0.014 and p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). The results, despite the limitations, demonstrated the usefulness of chitosan coatings. However, studies with larger sample sizes and adequate experimental models would be necessary to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nansi López-Valverde
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Valverde
- Department of Surgery, University of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Sala-manca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- *Correspondence: Antonio López-Valverde,
| | - Marta Paz Cortés
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
| | - Cinthia Rodríguez
- Department of Dentistry, Universidad Federico Henríquez y Carvajal, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Bruno Macedo De Sousa
- Institute for Occlusion and Orofacial Pain Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Polo I‐Edifício Central Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
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Chitosan: An Overview of Its Properties and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193256. [PMID: 34641071 PMCID: PMC8512059 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan has garnered much interest due to its properties and possible applications. Every year the number of publications and patents based on this polymer increase. Chitosan exhibits poor solubility in neutral and basic media, limiting its use in such conditions. Another serious obstacle is directly related to its natural origin. Chitosan is not a single polymer with a defined structure but a family of molecules with differences in their composition, size, and monomer distribution. These properties have a fundamental effect on the biological and technological performance of the polymer. Moreover, some of the biological properties claimed are discrete. In this review, we discuss how chitosan chemistry can solve the problems related to its poor solubility and can boost the polymer properties. We focus on some of the main biological properties of chitosan and the relationship with the physicochemical properties of the polymer. Then, we review two polymer applications related to green processes: the use of chitosan in the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and its use as support for biocatalysts. Finally, we briefly describe how making use of the technological properties of chitosan makes it possible to develop a variety of systems for drug delivery.
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ÇERİĞ S. IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC ASSESSMENT OF CHITOSAN OLIGOSACCHARIDE LACTATE ON HUMAN BLOOD AND LYMPHOCYTE CELLS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.18036/estubtdc.798520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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8
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Liu J, Yong H, Liu Y, Bai R. Recent advances in the preparation, structural characteristics, biological properties and applications of gallic acid grafted polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:1539-1555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Kumar M, Rajput M, Soni T, Vivekanand V, Pareek N. Chemoenzymatic Production and Engineering of Chitooligosaccharides and N-acetyl Glucosamine for Refining Biological Activities. Front Chem 2020; 8:469. [PMID: 32671017 PMCID: PMC7329927 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) and N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) are currently of enormous relevance to pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetics, food, and agriculture industries due to their wide range of biological activities, which include antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidant, anticoagulant, wound healing, immunoregulatory, and hypocholesterolemic effects. A range of methods have been developed for the synthesis of COS with a specific degree of polymerization along with high production titres. In this respect, chemical, enzymatic, and microbial means, along with modern genetic manipulation techniques, have been extensively explored; however no method has been able to competently produce defined COS and GlcNAc in a mono-system approach. Henceforth, the chitin research has turned toward increased exploration of chemoenzymatic processes for COS and GlcNAc generation. Recent developments in the area of green chemicals, mainly ionic liquids, proved vital for the specified COS and GlcNAc synthesis with better yield and purity. Moreover, engineering of COS and GlcNAc to generate novel derivatives viz. carboxylated, sulfated, phenolic acid conjugated, amino derived COS, etc., further improved their biological activities. Consequently, chemoenzymatic synthesis and engineering of COS and GlcNAc emerged as a useful approach to lead the biologically-active compound-based biomedical research to an advanced prospect in the forthcoming era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Microbial Catalysis and Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Meenakshi Rajput
- Microbial Catalysis and Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Twinkle Soni
- Microbial Catalysis and Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Vivekanand Vivekanand
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
| | - Nidhi Pareek
- Microbial Catalysis and Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
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10
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Varlamov VP, Il'ina AV, Shagdarova BT, Lunkov AP, Mysyakina IS. Chitin/Chitosan and Its Derivatives: Fundamental Problems and Practical Approaches. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:S154-S176. [PMID: 32087058 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920140084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we present the data on the natural occurrence of chitin and its partially or fully deacetylated derivative chitosan, as well as their properties, methods of modification, and potential applications of derivatives with bactericidal, fungicidal, and antioxidant activities. The structure and physicochemical characteristics of the polymers, their functions, and features of chitin microbial synthesis and degradation, including the processes occurring in nature, are described. New data on the hydrolytic microorganisms capable of chitin degradation under extreme conditions are presented. Special attention is focused on the effect of physicochemical characteristics of chitosan, including molecular weight, degree of deacetylation, polydispersity index, and number of amino group derivatives (quaternized, succinyl, etc.) on the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of modified polymers that can be of particular interest for biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture. Analysis of the available literature data confirms the importance of fundamental research to broaden our knowledge on the occurrence of chitin and chitosan in nature, their role in global biosphere cycles, and prospects of applied research aimed at using chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives in various aspects of human activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Varlamov
- Laboratory of Biopolymer Engineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312, Russia.
| | - A V Il'ina
- Laboratory of Biopolymer Engineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312, Russia
| | - B Ts Shagdarova
- Laboratory of Biopolymer Engineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312, Russia
| | - A P Lunkov
- Laboratory of Biopolymer Engineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312, Russia
| | - I S Mysyakina
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312, Russia
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Ivanova DG, Yaneva ZL. Antioxidant Properties and Redox-Modulating Activity of Chitosan and Its Derivatives: Biomaterials with Application in Cancer Therapy. Biores Open Access 2020; 9:64-72. [PMID: 32219012 PMCID: PMC7097683 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2019.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that mitochondrial metabolism has a fundamental role in induction of carcinogenesis due to the influence of increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in all steps of oncogene transformation and cancer progression. It is widely accepted that the anticancer effect of conventional anticancer drugs is due to induction of oxidative stress and elevated intracellular levels of ROS, which alter the redox homeostasis of cancer cells. On the other hand, the harmful side effects of conventional anticancer chemotherapeutics are also due to increased production of ROS and disruption of redox homeostasis of normal cells and tissues. Therefore, there is a growing interest toward the development of natural antioxidant compounds from various sources, which could impact the redox state of cancer and normal cells by different pathways and could prevent damage from oxidant-mediated reactions. It is known that chitosan exhibits versatile biological properties, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, and a less toxic nature. Because of its antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulatory activities, the biopolymer has been used in a wide variety of pharmaceutical, biomedical, food industry, health, and agricultural applications and has been classified as a new physiologically bioactive material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donika G. Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiology Chemistry, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Zvezdelina L. Yaneva
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiology Chemistry, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Olatunde OO, Benjakul S. Antioxidants from Crustaceans: A Panacea for Lipid Oxidation in Marine-Based Foods. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1717522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oladipupo Odunayo Olatunde
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Bai R, Yong H, Zhang X, Liu J, Liu J. Structural characterization and protective effect of gallic acid grafted O-carboxymethyl chitosan against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 143:49-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Singh A, Benjakul S, Huda N, Xu C, Wu P. Preparation and characterization of squid pen chitooligosaccharide–epigallocatechin gallate conjugates and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33196-33204. [PMID: 35515026 PMCID: PMC9056682 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05548d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide (COS) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) at various concentrations were used for the preparation of COS–EGCG conjugates. The highest total phenolic content (TPC), representing the amount of EGCG conjugated, was obtained for 1 wt% COS together with EGCG at 0.5 wt% (C1-E0.5-conjugate) or 1.0 wt% (C1-E1.0-conjugate) (66.83 and 69.22 mg EGCG per g sample, respectively) (p < 0.05). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities (DRSA and ARSA, respectively) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of all the samples showed similar trends with TPC. The C1-E0.5-conjugate had higher DRSA, ARSA, FRAP and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values than COS (p < 0.05). Similarly, the antimicrobial activity of COS increased when conjugated with EGCG (p < 0.05). FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR analyses confirmed the successful grafting of EGCG with COS. Therefore, 1 wt% COS and 0.5 wt% EGCG were used for the production of a conjugate with augmented antioxidant activity, which could be used to retard lipid oxidation of fatty foods. Chitooligosaccharide from squid pen showed increases in both antioxidant and antimicrobial activities via conjugation with epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Avtar Singh
- The International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation
- Faculty of Agro-Industry
- Prince of Songkla University
- Hat Yai
- Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- The International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation
- Faculty of Agro-Industry
- Prince of Songkla University
- Hat Yai
- Thailand
| | - Nurul Huda
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah
- Kota Kinabalu
- 88400 Malaysia
| | - Changan Xu
- Technical Innovation Centre for Utilization Marine Biological Resources
- Third Institute of Oceanography
- Ministry of Natural Resources
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Peng Wu
- Technical Innovation Centre for Utilization Marine Biological Resources
- Third Institute of Oceanography
- Ministry of Natural Resources
- Xiamen
- China
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15
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Recent Updates in Pharmacological Properties of Chitooligosaccharides. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4568039. [PMID: 31781615 PMCID: PMC6875261 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4568039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemical structures derived from marine foods are highly diverse and pharmacologically promising. In particular, chitooligosaccharides (COS) present a safe pharmacokinetic profile and a great source of new bioactive polymers. This review describes the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties of COS from recent publications. Thus, COS constitute an effective agent against oxidative stress, cellular damage, and inflammatory pathogenesis. The mechanisms of action and targeted therapeutic pathways of COS are summarized and discussed. COS may act as antioxidants via their radical scavenging activity and by decreasing oxidative stress markers. The mechanism of COS antidiabetic effect is characterized by an acceleration of pancreatic islets proliferation, an increase in insulin secretion and sensitivity, a reduction of postprandial glucose, and an improvement of glucose uptake. COS upregulate the GLUT2 and inhibit digestive enzyme and glucose transporters. Furthermore, they resulted in reduction of gluconeogenesis and promotion of glucose conversion. On the other hand, the COS decrease inflammatory mediators, suppress the activation of NF-κB, increase the phosphorylation of kinase, and stimulate the proliferation of lymphocytes. Overall, this review brings evidence from experimental data about protective effect of COS.
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Lin S, Qin Z, Chen Q, Fan L, Zhou J, Zhao L. Efficient Immobilization of Bacterial GH Family 46 Chitosanase by Carbohydrate-Binding Module Fusion for the Controllable Preparation of Chitooligosaccharides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6847-6855. [PMID: 31132258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide has been reported to possess diverse bioactivities. The development of novel strategies for obtaining optimum degree of polymerization (DP) chitooligosaccharides has become increasingly important. In this study, two glycoside hydrolase family 46 chitosanases were studied for immobilization on curdlan (insoluble β-1,3-glucan) using a novel carbohydrate binding module (CBM) family 56 domain from a β-1,3-glucanase. The CBM56 domain provided a spontaneous and specific sorption of the fusion proteins onto a curdlan carrier, and two fusion enzymes showed increased enzyme stability in comparison with native enzymes. Furthermore, a continuous packed-bed reactor was constructed with chitosanase immobilized on a curdlan carrier to control the enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan. Three chitooligosaccharide products with different molecular weights were prepared in optimized reaction conditions. This study provides a novel CBM tag for the stabilization and immobilization of enzymes. The controllable hydrolysis strategy offers potential for the industrial-scale preparation of chitooligosaccharides with different desired DPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Lin
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Zhen Qin
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT) , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Qiming Chen
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT) , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Liqiang Fan
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT) , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Jiachun Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT) , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Liming Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT) , Shanghai 200237 , China
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Ngo DH, Ngo DN, Kim SK, Vo TS. Antiproliferative Effect of Aminoethyl-Chitooligosaccharide on Human Lung A549 Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9050195. [PMID: 31109093 PMCID: PMC6571588 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aminoethyl–chitooligosaccharide (AE-COS) was reported to inhibit human gastric cancer cell proliferation and human fibrosarcoma cell invasion. In this study, the role of AE-COS in down-regulation of proliferation of human lung A549 cancer cells was evaluated. It was found that AE-COS was able to reduce A549 cell proliferation to (32 ± 1.3)% at a concentration of 500 µg/mL. Moreover, AE-COS treatment caused suppression on COX-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, the role of AE-COS in induction of cell apoptosis was observed via decreasing Bcl-2 expression and increasing caspase-3 and -9 activation. Accordingly, the antiproliferative effect of AE-COS was indicated due to suppression of cell proliferation and induction of cell apoptosis, suggesting AE-COS as a promising chemotherapy agent for treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Hung Ngo
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot City 820000, Binh Duong province, Vietnam.
| | - Dai Nghiep Ngo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 606-791, South Korea.
| | - Thanh Sang Vo
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Guan G, Azad MAK, Lin Y, Kim SW, Tian Y, Liu G, Wang H. Biological Effects and Applications of Chitosan and Chito-Oligosaccharides. Front Physiol 2019; 10:516. [PMID: 31133871 PMCID: PMC6514239 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The numerous functional properties and biological effects of chitosan and chito-oligosaccharides (COS) have led to a significant level of interest, particularly with regard to their potential use in the agricultural, environmental, nutritional, and pharmaceutical fields. This review covers recent studies on the biological functions of COS and the impacts of dietary chitosan and COS on metabolism. The majority of results suggest that the use of chitosan as a feed additive has favorable biological effects, such as antimicrobial, anti-oxidative, cholesterol reducing, and immunomodulatory effects. The biological impacts reviewed herein may provide a new appreciation for the future use of COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Guan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Md. Abul Kalam Azad
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanshan Lin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Yun Tian
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, China
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Bakry AM, Ma C, Xiong S, Yin T, Zhang B, Huang Q. Chitosan-glucose Maillard reaction products and their preservative effects on fresh grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fillets during cold storage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2158-2164. [PMID: 30302766 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A decreasing freshness occurrs in Ctenopharyngodon (C.) idellus during post-mortem storage. In the present study, chitosan-glucose Maillard reaction products (CG-MRPs) were prepared by heating chitosan and glucose at different reaction temperatures and then used for preserving the freshness and quality of C. idellus fillets during cold storage (4 °C). RESULTS High temperature enhanced the chitosan-glucose Maillard reaction and promoted the accumulation of melanoidins and intermediate compounds. The reducing power of CG-MRPs increased with an increasing reaction temperature. CG-MRPs inhibited the microbial growth rate and retarded the oxidation of proteins, lipids and nucleotides in C. idellus fillets by suppressing total bacterial count, total volatile basic nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and K values during cold storage. Furthermore, CG-MRPs prolonged shelf-life. The fillets treated with the CG-MRPs prepared at 120 °C showed an especially longer shelf-life (7 days). The preservative effect of CG-MRPs on fillets was the result of antibacterial components (melanoidins, reductone and furfural) in CG-MRPs and a reducing power against the oxidative degradation of proteins, nucleotides and lipids in C. idellus fillets. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that, for C. idellus fillets, treatment with CG-MRPs prepared at 120 °C for 40 min could be a feasible approach for maintaining the freshness of C. idellus fillets and prolonging shelf-life during cold storage. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr M Bakry
- College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Sub Center (Wuhan) of National Technology and R&D of Staple Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan, China
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Chang Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Sub Center (Wuhan) of National Technology and R&D of Staple Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanbai Xiong
- College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Sub Center (Wuhan) of National Technology and R&D of Staple Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Yin
- College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Sub Center (Wuhan) of National Technology and R&D of Staple Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan, China
| | - Binjia Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Sub Center (Wuhan) of National Technology and R&D of Staple Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan, China
| | - Qilin Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Sub Center (Wuhan) of National Technology and R&D of Staple Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan, China
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Chitooligosaccharides and their biological activities: A comprehensive review. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 184:243-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Liu J, Pu H, Liu S, Kan J, Jin C. Synthesis, characterization, bioactivity and potential application of phenolic acid grafted chitosan: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:999-1017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Vo TS, Ngo DH, Bach LG, Ngo DN, Kim SK. The free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities of gallate-chitooligosaccharides in human lung epithelial A549 cells. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Oh SH, Vo TS, Ngo DH, Kim SY, Ngo DN, Kim SK. Prevention of H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine microglial BV-2 cells by chitin-oligomers. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Recent Progress in Chitosanase Production of Monomer-Free Chitooligosaccharides: Bioprocess Strategies and Future Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:883-899. [PMID: 27206559 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Biological activities of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) are well documented, and numerous reports of COS production using specific and non-specific enzymes are available. However, strategies for improving the overall yield by making it monomer free need to be developed. Continuous enzymatic production from chitosan derived from marine wastes is desirable and is cost-effective. Isolation of potential microbes showing chitosanase activity from various ecological niches, gene cloning, enzyme immobilization, and fractionation/purification of COS are some areas, where lot of work is in progress. This review covers recent measures to improve monomer-free COS production using chitosanase/non-specific enzymes and purification/fractionation of these molecules using ultrafiltration and column chromatographic techniques. Various bioprocess strategies, gene cloning for enhanced chitosanase enzyme production, and other measures for COS yield improvements have also been covered in this review. COS derivative preparation as well as COS-coated nanoparticles for efficient drug delivery are being focused in recent studies.
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Trinh MDL, Dinh MH, Ngo DH, Tran DK, Tran QT, Vo TS, Ngo DN. Protection of 4-hydroxybenzyl-chitooligomers against inflammatory responses in Chang liver cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 66:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lodhi G, Kim YS, Hwang JW, Kim SK, Jeon YJ, Je JY, Ahn CB, Moon SH, Jeon BT, Park PJ. Chitooligosaccharide and its derivatives: preparation and biological applications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:654913. [PMID: 24724091 PMCID: PMC3958764 DOI: 10.1155/2014/654913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chitin is a natural polysaccharide of major importance. This biopolymer is synthesized by an enormous number of living organisms; considering the amount of chitin produced annually in the world, it is the most abundant polymer after cellulose. The most important derivative of chitin is chitosan, obtained by partial deacetylation of chitin under alkaline conditions or by enzymatic hydrolysis. Chitin and chitosan are known to have important functional activities but poor solubility makes them difficult to use in food and biomedicinal applications. Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are the degraded products of chitosan or chitin prepared by enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis of chitosan. The greater solubility and low viscosity of COS have attracted the interest of many researchers to utilize COS and their derivatives for various biomedical applications. In light of the recent interest in the biomedical applications of chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives, this review focuses on the preparation and biological activities of chitin, chitosan, COS, and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Lodhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea ; Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yon-Suk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea ; Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea ; Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Specialized Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Department of Marine Bioconvergence Science, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Je
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Bum Ahn
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 550-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Moon
- Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Tae Jeon
- Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyo-Jam Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea ; Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea ; Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
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Trinh MDL, Ngo DH, Tran DK, Tran QT, Vo TS, Dinh MH, Ngo DN. Prevention of H2O2-induced oxidative stress in Chang liver cells by 4-hydroxybenzyl-chitooligomers. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 103:502-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ngo DH, Kim SK. Antioxidant effects of chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2014; 73:15-31. [PMID: 25300540 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800268-1.00002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives are considered to promote diverse activities, including antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antitumor and anticancer, antimicrobial, hypocholesterolemic, and antidiabetic effects, one of the most crucial of which is the antioxidant effect. By modulating and improving physiological functions, chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives may provide novel therapeutic applications for the prevention or treatment of chronic diseases. Antioxidant activity of chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives can be attributed to in vitro and in vivo free radical-scavenging activities. Antioxidant effect of chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives may be used as functional ingredients in food formulations to promote consumer health and to improve the shelf life of food products. This chapter presents an overview of the antioxidant activity of chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives with the potential utilization in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Hung Ngo
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
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Ngo DH, Ngo DN, Vo TS, Ryu B, Van Ta Q, Kim SK. Protective effects of aminoethyl-chitooligosaccharides against oxidative stress and inflammation in murine microglial BV-2 cells. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Vo TS, Ngo DH, Kim JA, Ryu B, Kim SK. An antihypertensive peptide from tilapia gelatin diminishes free radical formation in murine microglial cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:12193-12197. [PMID: 22004328 DOI: 10.1021/jf202837g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A peptide possessing antihypertensive activity was purified from Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) gelatin using alcalase, Pronase E, pepsin, and trypsin. Among them, the alcalase hydrolysate exhibited the highest angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Therefore, it was further analyzed, and a potent ACE inhibitory peptide of DPALATEPDPMPF (1382 Da) was separated and purified. In addition, the protective effect of the purified peptide against free radical-induced cellular and DNA damage in murine microglial cells (BV-2) was determined. These results suggest that the peptide isolated from Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) gelatin acts as a candidate against hypertension and oxidative stress and could be used in health-functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Sang Vo
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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