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Schioppa L, Fall F, Ortiz S, Poupaert JH, Quetin-Leclercq J. A Validated HPLC-PDA-HRMS Method to Investigate the Biological Stability and Metabolism of Antiparasitic Triterpenic Esters. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237154. [PMID: 34885738 PMCID: PMC8659078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs) are commonly found in medicinal plants with well-known antiparasitic effects. Previous research on C-3 and C-27 triterpenic esters showed effective and selective in vitro antiparasitic activities and in vivo effectiveness by parenteral routes. The aim of this study was to determine triterpenic esters' stability in different biological-like media and the main microsomal degradation products. An HPLC-PDA method was developed and validated to simultaneously analyze and quantify bioactive triterpenic esters in methanol (LOQ: 2.5 and 1.25-100 µg/mL) and plasma (LOQ: 5-125 µg/mL). Overall, both triterpenic esters showed a stable profile in aqueous and buffered solutions as well as in entire plasma, suggesting gaining access to the ester function is difficult for plasma enzymes. Conversely, after 1 h, 30% esters degradation in acidic media was observed with potential different hydrolysis mechanisms. C-3 (15 and 150 µM) and C-27 esters (150 µM) showed a relatively low hepatic microsomal metabolism (<23%) after 1 h, which was significantly higher in the lowest concentration of C-27 esters (15 µM) (>40% degradation). Metabolic HPLC-PDA-HRMS studies suggested hydrolysis, hydroxylation, dehydration, O-methylation, hydroxylation and/or the reduction of hydrolyzed derivatives, depending on the concentration and the position of the ester link. Further permeability and absorption studies are required to better define triterpenic esters pharmacokinetic and specific formulations designed to increase their oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schioppa
- Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue E. Mounier, B1 72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.F.); (S.O.); (J.Q.-L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fanta Fall
- Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue E. Mounier, B1 72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.F.); (S.O.); (J.Q.-L.)
| | - Sergio Ortiz
- Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue E. Mounier, B1 72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.F.); (S.O.); (J.Q.-L.)
| | - Jacques H. Poupaert
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group (CMFA), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue E. Mounier, B1 72.04, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Joelle Quetin-Leclercq
- Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue E. Mounier, B1 72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.F.); (S.O.); (J.Q.-L.)
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Kagisha V, Djang'eing'a RM, Muganga R, Bonnet O, Tchinda AT, Jansen O, Tomani JC, Njakarinala R, Ledoux A, Nyirimigabo A, Frederich M. Pentas longiflora Oliv. (Rubiaceae), a plant used in the treatment of Pityriasis Versicolor in Rwanda: Chemical composition and standardization of leaves and roots. Fitoterapia 2021; 153:104974. [PMID: 34166706 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In Rwanda, the roots of Pentas longiflora Oliv. (Rubiaceae) have been used for a long time to treat Pityriasis versicolor. However, many people reported the use of leaves instead of roots. This research was conducted to compare the phytochemical composition and establish chromatographic methods for the standardization of roots and leaves extracts of P. longiflora. During this process, three new pentalongin glycosides (pentalonginoside A, pentalonginoside B, and pentalonginoside C) and two known glycosides of the same type (harounoside and clarinoside), as well as rutin, luteolin-7-rutinoside were isolated from methanol extract of leaves. In addition, pentalongin and psychorubrin, previously isolated from ethylacetate roots extract, were also identified in Pentas longiflora ethylacetate leaves extract. The presence of the antifungal compound pentalongin in leaves may explain the traditional use of leaves in the treatment of Pytiriasis versicolor. Furthermore, harounoside, psychorubrin, and pentalongin were selected as markers for HPLC fingerprints of MeOH extract. The accuracy and risk profile demonstrated the reliability of the validated method. In general, considerable variations of concentration in plant metabolites, including pentalongin, were observed between samples from different sites. The content in pentalongin (expressed as juglone) in collected samples ranged between 1.7 and 70.0 mg/100 g. The highest concentration (70.0 ± 17 mg/100 g) was registered in the cultivated samples from Mukoni. This important variation of pentalongin concentrations according to sampling sites, shows that in order to guarantee equivalent efficacy, finished products with P. longiflora should be standardized based on their pentalongin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedaste Kagisha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Huye Biotechnology Laboratory Complex, University of Rwanda, Gikondo, KK 737 Street, P.O. Box 4285, Kigali, Rwanda; Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liege, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36, B4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Roland Marini Djang'eing'a
- University of Liege, Laboratory of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Raymond Muganga
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Huye Biotechnology Laboratory Complex, University of Rwanda, Gikondo, KK 737 Street, P.O. Box 4285, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Olivier Bonnet
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liege, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Alembert Tiabou Tchinda
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), PO Box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Olivia Jansen
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liege, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean Claude Tomani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and technology, Huye Biotechnology Laboratory Complex, University of Rwanda, Gikondo, KK 737 Street, P.O. Box 4285, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Ranarivelo Njakarinala
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liege, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36, B4000 Liège, Belgium; Centre National d'Application de Recherches Pharmaceutiques (CNARP), Ambodivoanjo - Ambohijatovo, BP 702, 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Allison Ledoux
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liege, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Nyirimigabo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Huye Biotechnology Laboratory Complex, University of Rwanda, Gikondo, KK 737 Street, P.O. Box 4285, Kigali, Rwanda; Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liege, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Frederich
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liege, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36, B4000 Liège, Belgium
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Beaufay C, Henry G, Streel C, Bony E, Hérent MF, Bero J, Quetin-Leclercq J. Optimization and validation of extraction and quantification methods of antimalarial triterpenic esters in Keetia leucantha plant and plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1104:109-118. [PMID: 30448629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop validated methods for the extraction and quantification of antimalarial triterpene esters from Keetia leucantha and from plasma samples. These compounds, showing in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activities, were optimally extracted from Keetia leucantha twigs using ultrasounds with dichloromethane and from plasma using protein precipitation with acetonitrile. We then developed and validated HPLC-UV quantification methods, which proved to be selective, accurate, linear, true and precise, both in plant and plasma samples for the eight triterpenic esters in mixture. Based on the total error concept as decision criteria, the validated dosage ranges of the triterpene esters mixture were set between 14.68 and 73.37 μg/mL in plants and 15.90 and 106.01 μg/mL in plasma injected solutions, corresponding to 7.95 and 53.01 μg/mL in plasma. These reliable methods were used to determine effectively triterpene esters content in collected samples, that seems highly variable in plant extracts, and will be helpful to further investigate pharmacokinetics parameters of these interesting bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Beaufay
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmacognosy Research Group, Avenue E. Mounier, B1 72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Guillaume Henry
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmacognosy Research Group, Avenue E. Mounier, B1 72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camille Streel
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmacognosy Research Group, Avenue E. Mounier, B1 72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilie Bony
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmacognosy Research Group, Avenue E. Mounier, B1 72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-France Hérent
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmacognosy Research Group, Avenue E. Mounier, B1 72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Joanne Bero
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmacognosy Research Group, Avenue E. Mounier, B1 72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmacognosy Research Group, Avenue E. Mounier, B1 72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Using LC and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis as Tools to Distinguish Timbó Collections into Two Deguelia Species: A Contribution to Chemotaxonomy. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050569. [PMID: 27144548 PMCID: PMC6273376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The species Deguelia utilis and Deguelia rufescens var. urucu, popularly known as “timbó,” have been used for many years as rotenone sources in insecticide formulations. In this work, a method was developed and validated using a high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) system, and results were analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). By quantifying the major rotenoids of these species, it was possible to establish a linear relation between them. The ratio between the concentrations of rotenone and deguelin for D. utilis is approximately 1:0.8, respectively, while for D. rufescens var. urucu it is 2:1. These results may help to distinguish these species contributing to their taxonomic identification.
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Fast method for the simultaneous quantification of toxic polyphenols applied to the selection of genotypes of yam bean (Pachyrhizus sp.) seeds. Talanta 2013; 117:94-101. [PMID: 24209316 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the research was to develop and validate a rapid quantification method able to screen many samples of yam bean seeds to determine the content of two toxic polyphenols, namely pachyrrhizine and rotenone. The analytical procedure described is based on the use of an internal standard (dihydrorotenone) and is divided in three steps: microwave assisted extraction, purification by solid phase extraction and assay by ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Each step was included in the validation protocol and the accuracy profiles methodology was used to fully validate the method. The method was fully validated between 0.25 mg and 5 mg pachyrrhizin per gram of seeds and between 0.58 mg/g and 4 mg/g for rotenone. More than one hundred samples from different accessions, locations of growth and harvest dates were screened. Pachyrrhizine concentrations ranged from 3.29 mg/g to lower than 0.25 mg/g while rotenone concentrations ranged from 3.53 mg/g to lower than 0.58 mg/g. This screening along with principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) analyses allowed the selection of the more interesting genotypes in terms of low concentrations of these two toxic polyphenols.
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Catteau L, Lautié E, Koné O, Coppée M, Hell K, Pomalegni CB, Quetin-Leclercq J. Degradation of rotenone in yam bean seeds ( Pachyrhizus sp.) through food processing. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11173-11179. [PMID: 24175585 DOI: 10.1021/jf402584k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to screen different processes that could potentially decrease or even eliminate rotenone, a toxic isoflavonoid, from Pachyrhizus seeds. Yam bean seeds have very interesting nutritional characteristics, especially their high protein and lipid contents, and could potentially increase food security in under-nourished populations. However, they contain rotenone, a natural molecule previously used as an insecticide inhibiting the respiratory mitochondrial chain. It was also proven to be toxic to mammals as chronic exposure leads to the development of Parkinson-like symptoms in rats. As the thermosensitivity of rotenone had been reported, this study tested different processes (drying, roasting, boiling, frying, alcohol extraction), tegument removal, and traditional Beninese culinary recipes. Rotenone was then quantified in end-products by a validated method, associating microwave extraction, solid phase extraction (SPE), and HPLC-UV. With these processes a rotenone removal of up to 80% was obtained. The most effective methods were the drying and roasting of the seeds and the maceration of their flour in local alcohol. Rotenone degradation and elimination were confirmed by cytotoxic assays, effectively inducing a decrease in sample toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Catteau
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, LDRI, Av. E. Mounier 72, B.P. 7203, Université Catholique de Louvain , 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Dias ALS, Rozet E, Larondelle Y, Hubert P, Rogez H, Quetin-Leclercq J. Development and validation of an UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS method for non-anthocyanin flavonoids quantification in Euterpe oleracea juice. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:9235-49. [PMID: 24136248 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Euterpe oleracea fruits have gained much attention because of their phenolic constituents that have shown potential health benefits. The aim of this work was to quantify the major non-anthocyanin flavonoids (NAF) in the fruit juice by an accurate method coupling ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography with a linear ion trap-high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry system (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS). Fruits were processed to juice, and then the juice was lyophilized and defatted. The residue was then extracted in the presence of methanol by sonication. The extraction time was optimized and recovery rates of the extraction were >90%. The extracts were dried and solubilized again in 40% MeOH, which showed the best compromise for MS detection. For the UHPLC quantification, a HSS C18 column (1.8 μm) was used with a gradient elution of methanol and water both with 0.1% formic acid. Total error and accuracy profiles were used as validation criteria. Seven compounds and their isomers were successfully separated, including the major NAF. Calibration in the matrix was found to be more accurate than calibration without matrix. Trueness (<15% relative bias), repeatability, and intermediate precision (<13% RSD), selectivity, response function, linearity, LOD (ranged from 0.04 to 0.81 μg/mL) and LOQ (0.15-5.78 μg/mL) for 12 compounds were evaluated and the quantification method was validated. Its applicability was demonstrated on real samples from different suppliers. Their qualitative and quantitative profiles were similar and some compounds were for the first time quantified. In addition, eriodictyol was identified for the first time in this fruit along with five other flavonoids for which possible structures were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aécio L S Dias
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, LDRI, Université catholique de Louvain, Av. E. Mounier, 72, B1.72.03, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
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Lautié E, Rasse C, Rozet E, Mourgues C, Vanhelleputte JP, Quetin-Leclercq J. Fast microwave-assisted extraction of rotenone for its quantification in seeds of yam bean (Pachyrhizussp.). J Sep Sci 2013; 36:758-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Lautié
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, LDRI; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels; Belgium
| | - Catherine Rasse
- Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique (SMCS), IMAQ; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels; Belgium
| | | | - Claire Mourgues
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, LDRI; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels; Belgium
| | | | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, LDRI; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels; Belgium
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Dias ALS, Rozet E, Chataigné G, Oliveira AC, Rabelo CAS, Hubert P, Rogez H, Quetin-Leclercq J. A rapid validated UHPLC-PDA method for anthocyanins quantification from Euterpe oleracea fruits. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 907:108-16. [PMID: 23026226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop the first validated UHPLC-PDA method for major anthocyanins quantification in Euterpe oleracea fruits after fast extraction procedures and samples preparation. The separation was performed on HSS C18 column (1.8 μm) using a gradient elution with acetonitrile and 5% formic acid in a total run time of only 17 min. Total error and accuracy profiles were used as criteria for the validation process. Calibration in the matrix was found to be more accurate than calibration without matrix. Trueness (<6.76% relative bias), repeatability (<4.6% RSD), intermediate precision (<5.3% RSD), selectivity, response function and linearity for major anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside, were evaluated. The concentration range validated was 1-48 μg/mL for both compounds. In addition two cyanidin-di-O-glycosides were detected for the fist time in this fruit. We also showed that a first extraction of the fruits with ethyl acetate removes the lipophilic compounds and allows an easier extraction by methanol and quantification of anthocyanins in this extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L S Dias
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, LDRI (Louvain Drug Research Institute), UCL (Université catholique de Louvain), Brussels, Belgium
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