1
|
Microbial Dynamics of a Specialty Italian Raw Ewe's Milk Cheese Curdled with Extracts from Spontaneous and Cultivated Onopordum tauricum Willd. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010219. [PMID: 36677511 PMCID: PMC9863127 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk coagulants prepared by maceration of flowers harvested from both spontaneous and cultivated Onopordum tauricum Willd. and a commercially available coagulant obtained from Cynara cardunculus L. (control) were assayed for small-scale manufacturing of Caciofiore, an Italian specialty raw ewe's milk cheese produced in a family run dairy farm located in the Marche region (Central Italy). The microbiota of the three thistle-based milk coagulants and their effect on the microbial dynamics of raw milk cheeses during fermentation and maturation (from day 0 up until day 60) were investigated through a combined approach based on viable counting and Illumina DNA sequencing. In both the control and experimental cheeses, despite the slight differences emerged depending on the coagulant used, Lactococcus lactis and Debaryomyces hansenii were the prevalent species among bacteria and fungi, respectively. Moreover, raw ewe's milk was the main factor affecting the evolution of both the bacterial and fungal microbiota in all cheeses. The overall similarities between control and experimental cheeses herein analyzed supports the exploitation of Onopordum tauricum Willd. as an alternative milk coagulating agent for production of Caciofiore and, more in general, raw ewe's milk cheeses.
Collapse
|
2
|
Crespo A, Jiménez A, Ruiz-Moyano S, Merchán AV, Galván AI, Benito MJ, Martín A. Low-frequency ultrasound as a tool for quality control of soft-bodied raw ewe's milk cheeses. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
3
|
Ben Amira A, Arias AA, Fickers P, Attia H, Besbes S, Blecker C. Effect of brine concentration on physico-chemical characteristics, texture, rheological properties and proteolysis level of cheeses produced by an optimized wild cardoon rennet. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:1331-1340. [PMID: 33746261 PMCID: PMC7925762 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to test the efficiency of a wild cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) rennet, previously optimized by response surface methodology, in cheese making process; then to select the best brine concentration, leading to excellent cheese quality. Results showed that the optimized C. cardunculus rennet and chymosin produced curds with similar properties (yield, colour, texture, viscoelasticity), suggesting that this coagulant could replace successfully calf rennet. After brining at different salt concentrations (5, 7, 10 and 15%), we concluded that the use of 15% of salt in brine was an efficient way to reduce considerably the proteolysis level in C. cardunculus cheeses, stored for 28 d at 4 °C. At this salt level, the highest hardness, gumminess, viscoelasticity and yield of soft cheeses were also recorded. In conclusion, the satisfactory findings could open new opportunities to produce industrially the optimized C. cardunculus rennet and its cheeses in the Mediterranean area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ben Amira
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Laboratory of Food Science and Formulation, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- National Engineering School of Sfax, Laboratory of Food Analysis, University of Sfax, Soukra Road, BP W-3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Anthony Argüelles Arias
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Laboratory of Microbial Processes and Interactions, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloxu, Belgium
| | - Patrick Fickers
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Laboratory of Microbial Processes and Interactions, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloxu, Belgium
| | - Hamadi Attia
- National Engineering School of Sfax, Laboratory of Food Analysis, University of Sfax, Soukra Road, BP W-3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Souhail Besbes
- National Engineering School of Sfax, Laboratory of Food Analysis, University of Sfax, Soukra Road, BP W-3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Christophe Blecker
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Laboratory of Food Science and Formulation, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barracosa P, Simões I, Martins A, Barros M, Pires E. Biochemical diversity of cardoon flowers (Cynara cardunculus L.): Predicting PDO Mediterranean cheese textures. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
5
|
Crespo A, Martín A, Ruiz-Moyano S, Benito MJ, Rufo M, Paniagua JM, Jiménez A. Application of ultrasound for quality control of Torta del Casar cheese ripening. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8808-8821. [PMID: 32828516 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to establish the ultrasound parameters that can be useful to classify the defects in the soft cheese Torta del Casar during ripening. During ripening by ultrasound, 1 standard and 3 defective cheese batches (anomalous microbial population, inadequate pressing curd, and excessive pressing curd) were evaluated. Ultrasound parameters related to velocity, attenuation, and frequency were calculated and correlated with the physicochemical and rheological properties of the cheeses. Ultrasound data were considered variables in linear discriminant analysis to attempt cheese classification at different periods of the ripening process. Defective soft cheeses could be discriminated from standard ones with good accuracy, mainly at the final stages of ripening. The differentiation of cheese samples from 2 of the defective cheese batches (anomalous microbial population and inadequate pressing curd) from the standard was mainly attributed to different values of the attenuation-related parameters, whereas for samples from the other defective batch (excessive pressing curd), some parameters related to velocity and frequency were responsible for such discrimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abel Crespo
- National Technological Centre for Food and Agriculture "Extremadura" (CTAEX), Ctra. Villafranco a Balboa km. 1.2, Villafranco del Guadiana, 06195 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Alberto Martín
- Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Extremadura, Avda. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain; University Research Institute of Agro-Food Resources (INURA), Avda. de la Investigación s/n, Campus Universitario, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Santiago Ruiz-Moyano
- Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Extremadura, Avda. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain; University Research Institute of Agro-Food Resources (INURA), Avda. de la Investigación s/n, Campus Universitario, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María José Benito
- Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Extremadura, Avda. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain; University Research Institute of Agro-Food Resources (INURA), Avda. de la Investigación s/n, Campus Universitario, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Montaña Rufo
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Technology, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; Research Institute of Meat and Meat Product, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jesús M Paniagua
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Technology, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; Research Institute of Meat and Meat Product, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Antonio Jiménez
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Technology, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; Research Institute of Meat and Meat Product, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alavi F, Momen S. Aspartic proteases from thistle flowers: Traditional coagulants used in the modern cheese industry. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
7
|
Dias J, Lage P, Garrido A, Machado E, Conceição C, Gomes S, Martins A, Paulino A, Duarte MF, Alvarenga N. Evaluation of gas holes in "Queijo de Nisa" PDO cheese using computer vision. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 58:1072-1080. [PMID: 33678890 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
"Queijo de Nisa" is a traditional Portuguese cheese, granted with PDO label, produced with raw ewe's milk in which the aqueous extract of cardoon flower Cynara cardunculus L. is the only coagulant allowed. As in similar cheeses with no use of starter cultures or pasteurisation, the quality and food safety are depending on prevention, high hygienic standards and a proper manufacturing process. This study investigated the use of computer vision as novel method for the evaluation of gas holes in Queijo de Nisa in three different ripening dates (0, 15 and 35 days). A total of 48 samples were produced using cardoon flower from three different origins (C1, C2 and C3) and a commercial vegetable coagulant (C4). The results presented a high correlation between image-dependent attributes and physical-chemical properties during ripening time, especially within the first 15 days of ripening time, where major structural changes were observed inside the Queijo de Nisa cheese. Principal component analysis presented a strong correlation (p < 0.05) between image parameters and the physical-chemical evolution until 15 days. From 15 to 35 days, the evolution of cheeses was mainly depending on structural parameters, like G'1 Hz and hardness. No influence was observed due to the geographical origin of cardoon flower.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Dias
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Rua Pedro Soares, Campus do Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal
- Geobiosciences, Geobiotechnologies and Geoengineering (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Patricia Lage
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Rua Pedro Soares, Campus do Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal
| | - Ana Garrido
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Eliana Machado
- Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Cristina Conceição
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Sandra Gomes
- Unidade de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - António Martins
- Geobiosciences, Geobiotechnologies and Geoengineering (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Unidade de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Paulino
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL) / Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IP Beja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria F Duarte
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL) / Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IP Beja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - Nuno Alvarenga
- Geobiosciences, Geobiotechnologies and Geoengineering (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Unidade de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Clotting Properties of Onopordum tauricum (Willd.) Aqueous Extract in Milk of Different Species. Foods 2020; 9:foods9060692. [PMID: 32471174 PMCID: PMC7353650 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant proteases used in cheesemaking are easily available and could increase the acceptability of cheeses, otherwise hindered by ethical issues (e.g., religions, dietary habits, aversion to genetically engineered food and food ingredients). The milk clotting potential of Onopordum tauricum (Willd.) aqueous extract as an alternative to animal rennet was assessed for the first time in milk of different species (ewe, goat, cow). Among the aerial anatomical parts, i.e., receptacle, leaves, stems, and flowers, only the latter ones showed clotting properties. A response surface methodology (RSM) was used to explore the effects of three independent variables (temperature, pH, volume of coagulant) on the milk clotting activity (MCA) of the flower extract. A second-order polynomial model adequately described the experimental data and predicted a temperature value of 55 °C, a pH value of 4.9–5.7, and a volume of coagulant of 300–500 μL (added to 5 mL of milk) as optimal conditions to maximize the MCA. At a 35 °C temperature and natural milk pH of 6.7–6.8, the estimated MCA of the O. tauricum extract was 72–87, 69–86, and 75–151, in goat’s, ewe’s, and cow’s milk, respectively. In comparison, the MCA of calf rennet was 5.4–4.9, 3.3–14.7, and 4.9–16.7 times higher than that of the plant extract in goat’s, ewe’s, and cow’s milk, respectively.
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Barracosa P, Rosa N, Barros M, Pires E. Selected Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Genotypes Suitable for PDO Cheeses in Mediterranean Regions. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1800110. [PMID: 29790297 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cardoon flower extract is a traditional and exclusive rennet used for some PDO cheeses in several Mediterranean regions, due to its extremely high concentration in cardosins. In this preliminary study, six individual cardoon genotypes (1M - 6M) were selected because they revealed a wide and consistent diversity of total and specific cardosin concentrations in flowers. During three growing seasons, the stability of 12 biochemical characteristics of flower extracts and 26 plant morphological descriptors was confirmed. Surprisingly, the cardosin profiles of each genotype, based on four main groups A0, A1, A and B, were stable during the annual flower harvesting period and over all three years using ion-exchange chromatography and native-PAGE electrophoresis. This knowledge will allow an improvement in the quality and standardization of cardosin profiles from cardoon flowers used for cheese production and other innovative applications. The results obtained are promising for the development of a plant breeding program based on biochemical and morphological characteristics in order to obtain the most adapted plant architecture for combined purposes related to specific cardosins composition, flower and plant biomass production, and ease of harvesting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Barracosa
- Escola Superior Agrária de Viseu- Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Viseu, Portugal.,CI&DETS - Centro de Estudos em Educação, Tecnologias e Saúde, 3504-510, Viseu, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nuno Rosa
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Católica Portuguesa- Pólo de Viseu, 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Marlene Barros
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Católica Portuguesa- Pólo de Viseu, 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Euclides Pires
- Departamento Ciências da Vida - FCTUC, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ben Amira A, Blecker C, Richel A, Arias AA, Fickers P, Francis F, Besbes S, Attia H. Influence of the ripening stage and the lyophilization of wild cardoon flowers on their chemical composition, enzymatic activities of extracts and technological properties of cheese curds. Food Chem 2018; 245:919-925. [PMID: 29287460 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
12
|
Technological properties of milk gels produced by chymosin and wild cardoon rennet optimized by response surface methodology. Food Chem 2017; 237:150-158. [PMID: 28763981 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to optimize extraction conditions of C. cardunculus rennet by response surface methodology, in order to maximize its milk-clotting activity (MCA). The second objective was to examine the effect of different amounts of the optimized extract and the type of milk, on technological characteristics of the obtained gels. Results of the central composite design showed that the optimum extraction conditions, corresponding to maximum MCA (9.550CAU/mL), were selected as follows: Grinding time 30s, pH 3, extraction time 50min and solid to liquid ratio 15g/100mL. According to technological properties, it can be concluded that C. cardunculus extract exhibited an excellent efficiency on raw milk, in term of dynamic moduli and gel firmness, as compared to chymosin. A good gelation time and WHC were also obtained. Consequently, the optimized C. cardunculus rennet has the potential to be employed as an efficient milk-clotting agent.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ben Amira A, Besbes S, Attia H, Blecker C. Milk-clotting properties of plant rennets and their enzymatic, rheological, and sensory role in cheese making: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1289959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ben Amira
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Unit of Food Science and Formulation, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- National Engineering School of Sfax, Laboratory of Food Analysis, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Souhail Besbes
- National Engineering School of Sfax, Laboratory of Food Analysis, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamadi Attia
- National Engineering School of Sfax, Laboratory of Food Analysis, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Christophe Blecker
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Unit of Food Science and Formulation, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ben Amira A, Bauwens J, De Pauw E, Besbes S, Attia H, Francis F, Blecker C. Identification of proteins from wild cardoon flowers ( Cynara cardunculus L.) by a proteomic approach. J Chem Biol 2016; 10:25-33. [PMID: 28101252 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-016-0161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomic approach was applied to identify total proteins, particularly the enzymatic content, from wild cardoon flowers. As the selection of an appropriate sample preparation method is the key for getting reliable results, two different extraction/precipitation methods (trichloroacetic acid and phenol/ammonium acetate) were tested on fresh and lyophilized flowers. After two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-E) separations, a better protein pattern was obtained after phenol extraction from lyophilized flowers. Only 46 % of the total analyzed spots resulted in a protein identification by mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF. Four proteases (cardosins A, E, G, and H), which have become a subject of great interest in dairy technology, were identified. They presented molecular weights and isoelectric points very close and high levels of homology between matched peptides sequences. The absence of the other cardosins (B, C, D, and F) could be an advantage, as it reduces the excessive proteolytic activity that causes bitter flavors and texture defects, during cheese making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ben Amira
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio tech, Laboratory of Food Science and Formulation, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium ; University of Sfax, National Engineering School of Sfax, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Soukra Road, BP, W-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Julien Bauwens
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Biotech, Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- University of Liège, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, B6 Building, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Souhail Besbes
- University of Sfax, National Engineering School of Sfax, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Soukra Road, BP, W-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamadi Attia
- University of Sfax, National Engineering School of Sfax, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Soukra Road, BP, W-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Frédéric Francis
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Biotech, Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Christophe Blecker
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio tech, Laboratory of Food Science and Formulation, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Correia P, Vítor A, Tenreiro M, Correia AC, Madanelo J, Guiné R. Effect of different thistle flower ecotypes as milk-clotting in Serra da Estrela cheese. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/nfs-12-2015-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Thistle flower (Cynara cardunculus) aqueous extracts, as rich source of milk-clotting peptidases, have been widely used for cheeses marketed under the Registry of the Protected Designation of Origin, as it is the case of Serra da Estrela cheese, manufactured from raw ewes’ milk and without addition of any commercial starter culture. This paper aims at studying the influence of six different ecotypes of thistle flowers in cheese properties during the ripening and of final products.
Design/methodology/approach
Cheeses were produced with different thistle flower extracts and then the clotting time, weight and colour of cheeses, as well as texture properties and sensorial characteristics, were evaluated.
Findings
The clotting time varied from 47 to 66 min, and the weight loss along ripening varied between 32 and 40 per cent. There was some influence of thistle flower ecotype on the colour during ripening and in the final product. The results of texture analysis revealed significant differences between the thistle ecotypes: crust firmness varying from 2.4 to 5.6 N; inner firmness from 0.82 to 1.82 N; stickiness from −0.5 to −1.60 N; adhesiveness from −3.0 to −11.3 N.s; and Ecotype C was particularly distinguishable. Sensorial evaluation revealed differences among the cheeses, with Ecotype C receiving the highest score for global appreciation.
Originality/value
The usage of different extracts of thistle flower to produce Serra da Estrela cheese with different properties is a novelty, and it allows the possibility of manipulating this parameter in the future so as to produce cheeses with specific characteristics, addressed to different consumer targets.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ordiales E, Martín A, Benito MJ, Ruiz-Moyano S, Gallardo G, Córdoba MDG. Characterisation of the vegetable rennets used for ‘Torta del Casar’ cheesemaking by a protein profile method. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ordiales
- Agricultura; Centro Tecnológico Nacional Agroalimentario Extremadura; CTAEX. Ctra. Villafranco a Balboa km 1.2. Villafranco del Guadiana 06195 Badajoz Spain
| | - Alberto Martín
- Nutrición y Bromatología; Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias; University of Extremadura; Ctra. de Cáceres s/n 06071 Badajoz Spain
| | - Maria J Benito
- Nutrición y Bromatología; Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias; University of Extremadura; Ctra. de Cáceres s/n 06071 Badajoz Spain
| | - Santiago Ruiz-Moyano
- Nutrición y Bromatología; Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias; University of Extremadura; Ctra. de Cáceres s/n 06071 Badajoz Spain
| | - Gustavo Gallardo
- Nutrición y Bromatología; Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias; University of Extremadura; Ctra. de Cáceres s/n 06071 Badajoz Spain
| | - Maria de Guia Córdoba
- Nutrición y Bromatología; Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias; University of Extremadura; Ctra. de Cáceres s/n 06071 Badajoz Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ordiales E, Martín A, Benito MJ, Fernández M, Casquete R, de Guía Córdoba M. Influence of the technological properties of vegetable rennet (Cynara cardunculus) on the physicochemical, sensory and rheological characteristics of ‘Torta del Casar’ cheese. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ordiales
- Agricultura; Centro Tecnológico Agroalimentario Extremadura (CTAEX); Ctra. Villafranco a Balboa km. 1.2, Villafranco del Guadiana 06195 Badajoz Spain
| | - Alberto Martín
- Nutrición y Bromatología; Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias; Universidad de Extremadura; Ctra. de Cáceres s/n 06071 Badajoz Spain
| | - María José Benito
- Nutrición y Bromatología; Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias; Universidad de Extremadura; Ctra. de Cáceres s/n 06071 Badajoz Spain
| | - Margarita Fernández
- Nutrición y Bromatología; Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias; Universidad de Extremadura; Ctra. de Cáceres s/n 06071 Badajoz Spain
| | - Rocío Casquete
- Nutrición y Bromatología; Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias; Universidad de Extremadura; Ctra. de Cáceres s/n 06071 Badajoz Spain
| | - María de Guía Córdoba
- Nutrición y Bromatología; Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias; Universidad de Extremadura; Ctra. de Cáceres s/n 06071 Badajoz Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ordiales E, Benito MJ, Martín A, Casquete R, Serradilla MJ, de Guía Córdoba M. Bacterial communities of the traditional raw ewe's milk cheese “Torta del Casar” made without the addition of a starter. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
19
|
Proteolytic effect of Cynara cardunculus rennet for use in the elaboration of ‘Torta del Casar’ cheese. J DAIRY RES 2013; 80:429-38. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029913000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to analyse the influence of rennet from different Cynara cardunculus plants, selected for its clotting and proteolytic activity on caseins, on the characteristics of manufactured ‘Torta del Casar’ cheeses. After classifying the cardoon according to proteolytic activity into five groups of greater or lesser activity, 16 batches of cheeses were made with rennet derived from different wild cardoon plants. We observed a major development of the proteolysis during ripening leading to the generation of non-protein nitrogen compounds. Especially noteworthy was the relationship of amino acid nitrogen (AN) generation with rennet clotting activity after 24 h of maceration, and the fact that the production of biogenic amines was not related to the proteolytic activity of the rennet. The activities of the rennet observed ‘in vitro’ were also developed ‘in vivo’ in the cheeses, with the different rennets used affecting the final sensory characteristics of cheeses. The rennet with high clotting activity after 24 h of maceration was positively correlated with the creaminess, viscosity, and acceptability of the cheese. However, the high proteolytic activity rennet negatively influenced the acidity, bitterness, and creaminess parameters. Therefore the most appropriate cardoons for making this cheese are those with higher clotting activities and moderate proteolytic activities especially on β-casein. The use of controlled and characterised cardoons in the manufacturing process of Torta del Casar is fundamental to obtaining the homogeneous product demanded by the Torta del Casar Registry of the Protected Designation of Origin.
Collapse
|
20
|
Vairo Cavalli S, Lufrano D, Colombo ML, Priolo N. Properties and applications of phytepsins from thistle flowers. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 92:16-32. [PMID: 23701679 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous extracts of thistle flowers from the genus Cynara-Cardueae tribe Cass. (Cynareae Less.), Asteraceae Dumortier-are traditionally used in the Mediterranean region for production of artisanal cheeses. This is because of the presence of aspartic proteases (APs) with the ability to coagulate milk. Plant APs, collectively known as phytepsins (EC 3.4.23.40), are bilobed endopeptidases present in an ample variety of plant species with activity mainly at acidic pHs, and have two aspartic residues located on each side of a catalytic cleft that are responsible for catalysis. The cleavage of the scissile peptide-bond occurs primarily between residues with large hydrophobic side-chains. Even when aspartylendopeptidase activity in plants is normally present at relatively low levels overall, the flowers of several species of the Cardueae tribe possess APs with extremely high specific activities in certain tissues. For this reason, in the last two decades, APs present in thistle flowers have been the subject of intensive study. Present here is a compilation of work that summarizes the known chemical and biological properties of these proteases, as well as their biomedical and biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vairo Cavalli
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Proteínas Vegetales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shah MA, Mir SA, Paray MA. Plant proteases as milk-clotting enzymes in cheesemaking: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-013-0144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
22
|
Pontual EV, Carvalho BEA, Bezerra RS, Coelho LCBB, Napoleão TH, Paiva PMG. Caseinolytic and milk-clotting activities from Moringa oleifera flowers. Food Chem 2012; 135:1848-54. [PMID: 22953932 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the detection and characterization of caseinolytic and milk-clotting activities from Moringa oleifera flowers. Proteins extracted from flowers were precipitated with 60% ammonium sulphate. Caseinolytic activity of the precipitated protein fraction (PP) was assessed using azocasein, as well as α(s)-, β- and κ-caseins as substrates. Milk-clotting activity was analysed using skim milk. The effects of heating (30-100°C) and pH (3.0-11.0) on enzyme activities were determined. Highest caseinolytic activity on azocasein was detected after previous incubation of PP at pH 4.0 and after heating at 50°C. Milk-clotting activity, detected only in the presence of CaCl(2), was highest at incubation of PP at pH 3.0 and remained stable up to 50°C. The pre-treatment of milk at 70°C resulted in highest clotting activity. Enzyme assays in presence of protease inhibitors indicated the presence of aspartic, cysteine, serine and metallo proteases. Aspartic proteases appear to be the main enzymes involved in milk-clotting activity. PP promoted extensive cleavage of κ-casein and low level of α(s)- and β-caseins hydrolysis. The milk-clotting activity indicates the application of M. oleifera flowers in dairy industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel V Pontual
- Departamento de Bioquímica-CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|