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A H Kaeswurm J, Claasen B, S Mayer P, Buchweitz M. Multianalytical Approach to Understand Polyphenol-Mal d 1 Interactions to Predict Their Impact on the Allergenic Potential of Apples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:16191-16203. [PMID: 38990326 PMCID: PMC11273618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between phenolic compounds and the allergen Mal d 1 are discussed to be the reason for better tolerance of apple cultivars, which are rich in polyphenols. Because Mal d 1 is susceptible to proteolytic digestion and allergenic symptoms are usually restricted to the mouth and throat area, the release of native Mal d 1 during the oral phase is of particular interest. Therefore, we studied the release of Mal d 1 under different in vitro oral digestion conditions and revealed that only 6-15% of the total Mal d 1 present in apples is released. To investigate proposed polyphenol-Mal d 1 interactions, various analytical methods, e.g., isothermal titration calorimetry, 1H-15N-HSQC NMR, and untargeted mass spectrometry, were applied. For monomeric polyphenols, only limited noncovalent interactions were observed, whereas oligomeric polyphenols and browning products caused aggregation. While covalent modifications were not detectable in apple samples, a Michael addition of epicatechin at cysteine 107 in r-Mal d 1.01 was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia. A H Kaeswurm
- Department
of Chemistry, University Hamburg, Institute
of Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Department
of Food Chemistry, University Stuttgart,
Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Birgit Claasen
- University
Stuttgart, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Pia. S Mayer
- Department
of Food Chemistry, University Stuttgart,
Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria Buchweitz
- Department
of Chemistry, University Hamburg, Institute
of Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Department
of Food Chemistry, University Stuttgart,
Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Unterhauser J, Ahammer L, Rainer T, Eidelpes R, Führer S, Nothegger B, Covaciu CE, Cova V, Kamenik AS, Liedl KR, Müller T, Breuker K, Eisendle K, Reider N, Letschka T, Tollinger M. Covalent polyphenol modification of a reactive cysteine in the major apple allergen Mal d 1. Food Chem 2023; 410:135374. [PMID: 36608553 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring polyphenols can modify the molecular properties of food allergens. For the major apple allergen Mal d 1 it has been postulated that chemical reactions with polyphenols cause permanent changes in the tertiary structure, causing a loss of conformational IgE epitopes and reducing allergenicity. In our study, we investigated the effect that reactions with oxidized polyphenols have on the structure of Mal d 1 by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. We showed that a surface-exposed cysteine residue in this allergen spontaneously reacts with oxidized polyphenols under formation of a defined covalent adduct. Chemical modification of Mal d 1 did not destabilize or perturb the three-dimensional fold, nor did it interfere with ligand binding to its internal pocket. A structural model of the chemically modified apple allergen is presented, which reveals that the bound polyphenol partially covers a conformational IgE epitope on the protein surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Unterhauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Linda Ahammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tobias Rainer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reiner Eidelpes
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Führer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Nothegger
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia E Covaciu
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Central Teaching Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Valentina Cova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Laimburg Research Centre, Ora/Auer, Italy
| | - Anna S Kamenik
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Breuker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Eisendle
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Central Teaching Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Norbert Reider
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Letschka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Laimburg Research Centre, Ora/Auer, Italy.
| | - Martin Tollinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Zhu R, Jiang S, Li D, Law CL, Han Y, Tao Y, Kiani H, Liu D. Dehydration of apple slices by sequential drying pretreatments and airborne ultrasound-assisted air drying: Study on mass transfer, profiles of phenolics and organic acids and PPO activity. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Purification and Characterization of Recombinant Expressed Apple Allergen Mal d 1. Methods Protoc 2020; 4:mps4010003. [PMID: 33375510 PMCID: PMC7838873 DOI: 10.3390/mps4010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mal d 1 is the primary apple allergen in northern Europe. To explain the differences in the allergenicity of apple varieties, it is essential to study its properties and interaction with other phytochemicals, which might modulate the allergenic potential. Therefore, an optimized production route followed by an unsophisticated purification step for Mal d 1 and respective mutants is desired to produce sufficient amounts. We describe a procedure for the transformation of the plasmid in competent E. coli cells, protein expression and rapid one-step purification. r-Mal d 1 with and without a polyhistidine-tag are purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) and fast-protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) using a high-resolution anion-exchange column, respectively. Purity is estimated by SDS-PAGE using an image-processing program (Fiji). For both mutants an appropriate yield of r-Mal d 1 with purity higher than 85% is achieved. The allergen is characterized after tryptic in gel digestion by peptide analyses using HPLC-MS/MS. Secondary structure elements are calculated based on CD-spectroscopy and the negligible impact of the polyhistidine-tag on the folding is confirmed. The formation of dimers is proved by mass spectrometry and reduction by DTT prior to SDS-PAGE. Furthermore, the impact of the freeze and thawing process, freeze drying and storage on dimer formation is investigated.
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Tiered approach for the identification of Mal d 1 reduced, well tolerated apple genotypes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9144. [PMID: 32499528 PMCID: PMC7272412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A rising proportion of the world population suffers from food-related allergies, including incompatibilities to apples. Although several allergenic proteins have been found in apples, the most important proteins that cause allergic reactions to apples in Central-Northern Europe, and North America are the Mal d 1 proteins, which are homologues of the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. As the demand for hypoallergenic fruits is constantly increasing, we selected apple genotypes with a low total content of Mal d 1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis from segregating populations and tested the tolerability of these fruits through a human provocation study. This tiered approach, which exploited the natural diversity of apples, led to the identification of fruits, which were tolerated by allergic patients. In addition, we found a significant correlation (coefficient >0.76) between the total Mal d 1 content and flavan-3-ol amount and show that the isoform composition of the Mal d 1 proteins, which was determined by LC-MS/MS has a decisive effect on the tolerability of apple genotypes. The approach presented can be applied to other types of fruit and to other allergenic proteins. Therefore, the strategy can be used to reduce the allergen content of other plant foods, thereby improving food safety for allergy subjects.
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Kschonsek J, Dietz A, Wiegand C, Hipler UC, Böhm V. Allergenicity of apple allergen Mal d 1 as effected by polyphenols and polyphenol oxidase due to enzymatic browning. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Picchi V, Lo Scalzo R, Kurze E, Fibiani M, Vangdal E, Schwab W. Impact of year of harvest, genotype and cultivation method on bioactives and Pru d 1 allergen content in plums. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:688-700. [PMID: 30704309 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1557606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present work studied the effect of the year of harvest, the genotype and the cultivation method on the nutritional quality and the allergen content of three plum cultivars. The common quality parameters and the phytochemical content strongly varied with the year and the cultivar, while the system of cultivation had a minor influence. In particular, ascorbic acid greatly decreased in 2016 compared to 2015, while polyphenols were higher in 2016. The health-promoting compounds, and particularly phenolics, were significantly correlated with the antioxidant capacity. Finally, the allergen content was strongly dependent on the content of flavan-3-ols, suggesting that this class of phenolics is determinant in influencing the allergen content in plums. Results showed that the major factor affecting the quality and the concentration of natural metabolites of plum, in addition to the diversity among genotypes, is the year-to-year variation, whereas the system of cultivation plays a marginal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Picchi
- a Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT) , Milan , Italy
| | - Roberto Lo Scalzo
- a Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT) , Milan , Italy
| | - Elisabeth Kurze
- b Biotechnology of Natural Products, Center of Life and Food Science Weihenstephan , Technical University of Munich , Freising , Germany
| | - Marta Fibiani
- a Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT) , Milan , Italy
| | | | - Wilfried Schwab
- b Biotechnology of Natural Products, Center of Life and Food Science Weihenstephan , Technical University of Munich , Freising , Germany
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Kschonsek J, Wiegand C, Hipler UC, Böhm V. Influence of polyphenolic content on the in vitro allergenicity of old and new apple cultivars: A pilot study. Nutrition 2018; 58:30-35. [PMID: 30278427 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES More than 70% of birch pollen-allergic individuals are affected by a cross-allergy from apples. The aim of this study was to determine if an increased polyphenolic content of apples is inversely related to clinical allergic reactions in sufferers. METHODS The polyphenolic content of two old and two new apple cultivars was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. The in vitro concentration of sulfidoleukotrienes and the CD63 basophil activation of 27 birch pollen sufferers with cross-reactivity to apples were determined with cellular antigen stimulation and basophil activation tests after incubation with different apple cultivars. RESULTS The flesh of old cultivars was characterized by significantly higher total polyphenolic content (86.1 ± 5.5 µg/g) than that of new cultivars (24.7 ± 7.2 µg/g). The concentration of sulfidoleukotrienes and the CD63 basophil activation of old apple cultivars was up to 62% lower than new ones and decreased as the degree of enzymatic browning increased. CONCLUSION Old apples cultivars are better tolerated than new ones by birch pollen-allergic individuals. The in vitro allergenicity (activation of effector cells) of apples depends on the total polyphenolic content and the degree of enzymatic browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Kschonsek
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wiegand
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Zhang H, Chen L, Sun Y, Zhao L, Zheng X, Yang Q, Zhang X. Investigating Proteome and Transcriptome Defense Response of Apples Induced by Yarrowia lipolytica. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2017; 30:301-311. [PMID: 28398122 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-16-0189-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the mode of action of postharvest biocontrol agents on fruit surfaces is critical for the advancement of successful implementation of postharvest biocontrol products. This is due to the increasing importance of biological control of postharvest diseases over chemical and other control methods. However, most of the mechanisms involved in biological control remain unknown and need to be explored. Yarrowia lipolytica significantly inhibited blue mold decay of apples caused by Penicillium expansum. The findings also demonstrated that Y. lipolytica stimulated the activities of polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase, chitinase, l-phenylalanine ammonia lyase involved in enhancing defense responses in apple fruit tissue. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed a total of 35 proteins identified as up- and down-regulated in response to the Y. lipolytica inducement. These proteins were related to defense, biotic stimulus, and stress responses, such as pathogenesis-related proteins and dehydrin. The analysis of the transcriptome results proved that the induced resistance was mediated by a crosstalk between salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene/jasmonate (ET/JA) pathways. Y. lipolytica treatment activated the expression of isochorismate synthase gene in the SA pathway, which up-regulates the expression of PR4 in apple. The expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase gene and ET-responsive transcription factors 2 and 4, which are involved in the ET pathway, were also activated. In addition, cytochrome oxidase I, which plays an important role in JA signaling for resistance acquisition, was also activated. However, not all of the genes had a positive effect on the SA and ET/JA signal pathways. As transcriptional repressors in JA signaling, TIFY3B and TIFY11B were triggered by the yeast, but the gene expression levels were relatively low. Taken together, Y. lipolytica induced the SA and ET/JA signal mediating the defense pathways by stimulating defense response genes, such as peroxidase, thaumatin-like protein, and chitinase 4-like, which are involved in defense response in apple. [Formula: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyin Zhang
- 1 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and
| | | | - Yiwen Sun
- 1 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Lina Zhao
- 1 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xiangfeng Zheng
- 1 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Qiya Yang
- 1 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- 1 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and
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Vegro M, Eccher G, Populin F, Sorgato C, Savazzini F, Pagliarani G, Tartarini S, Pasini G, Curioni A, Antico A, Botton A. Old Apple (Malus domestica L. Borkh) Varieties with Hypoallergenic Properties: An Integrated Approach for Studying Apple Allergenicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9224-9236. [PMID: 27933989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Freshly consumed apples (Malus domestica L. Borkh) can cause allergic reactions because of the presence of four classes of allergens. Knowledge of the genetic factors affecting the allergenic potential of apples would provide important information for the selection of hypoallergenic genotypes, which can be combined with the adoption of new agronomical practices to produce fruits with a reduced amount of allergens. In the present research, a multiple analytical approach was adopted to characterize the allergenic potential of 24 apple varieties released at different ages (pre- and post-green revolution). A specific workflow was set up including protein quantification by means of polyclonal antibodies, immunological analyses with sera of allergic subjects, enzymatic assays, clinical assessments on allergic patients, and gene expression assays on fruit samples. Taken as a whole, the results indicate that most of the less allergenic genotypes were found among those deriving from selection processes carried out prior to the so-called "green revolution".
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Vegro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment - DAFNAE - Agripolis, University of Padova , Viale dell'università 16, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Giulia Eccher
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment - DAFNAE - Agripolis, University of Padova , Viale dell'università 16, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Francesca Populin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment - DAFNAE - Agripolis, University of Padova , Viale dell'università 16, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Chiara Sorgato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment - DAFNAE - Agripolis, University of Padova , Viale dell'università 16, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Federica Savazzini
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Bologna , Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Pagliarani
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Bologna , Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Tartarini
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Bologna , Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pasini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment - DAFNAE - Agripolis, University of Padova , Viale dell'università 16, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Andrea Curioni
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment - DAFNAE - Agripolis, University of Padova , Viale dell'università 16, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Andrea Antico
- Allergy Unit, Ospedale Civile Srl , Via Guido Tonello 5, 46049 Volta Mantovana (Mantova), Italy
| | - Alessandro Botton
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment - DAFNAE - Agripolis, University of Padova , Viale dell'università 16, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy
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Yang T, Bai Y, Wu F, Yang N, Zhang Y, Bashari M, Jin Z, Xu X. Combined effects of glucose oxidase, papain and xylanase on browning inhibition and characteristics of fresh whole wheat dough. J Cereal Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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