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Campos-Lozada G, Pérez-Marroquín XA, Callejas-Quijada G, Campos-Montiel RG, Morales-Peñaloza A, León-López A, Aguirre-Álvarez G. The Effect of High-Intensity Ultrasound and Natural Oils on the Extraction and Antioxidant Activity of Lycopene from Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) Waste. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071404. [PMID: 35883895 PMCID: PMC9311867 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraction of lycopene was carried out with three types of vegetable oils (grape, extra virgin olive, and peanut) by means of two methods: agitation and high-intensity ultrasound with a frequency of 20 kHz at an amplitude of 80% with periods of 40 s of sonication for 20 min at a temperature of 40 °C. The antioxidant determination by inhibition of ABTS and DPPH radicals showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) for inhibition of the ABTS radical in native oils and oils with lycopene. However, the radical DPPH showed that the native oils presented significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) compared to the samples with lycopene. FTIR spectra revealed the characteristic functional groups of lycopene exhibiting two characteristic peaks at 2923 cm−1 and 2957 cm−1. The DSC thermograms showed that the higher the degree of oil unsaturation, the lower the melting temperatures. Olive oil was the least unsaturated with the highest amount of oleic fatty acid. Grapeseed oil reported the lowest melting temperature at around −24.64 °C. Extra virgin olive oil showed the lightest values (L* = 41.08 ± 0.45) of brightness, and the peanut oil with lycopene was the darkest (L* = 16.72 ± 0.05). The extraction of lycopene from organic wastes treated with agitation and ultrasound was satisfactory reducing the use of conventional solvents. However, extraction with olive oil under agitation showed the best results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gieraldin Campos-Lozada
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1, Tulancingo C.P. 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico; (G.C.-L.); (X.A.P.-M.); (G.C.-Q.); (R.G.C.-M.); (A.L.-L.)
| | - Xóchitl Alejandra Pérez-Marroquín
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1, Tulancingo C.P. 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico; (G.C.-L.); (X.A.P.-M.); (G.C.-Q.); (R.G.C.-M.); (A.L.-L.)
| | - Graciela Callejas-Quijada
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1, Tulancingo C.P. 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico; (G.C.-L.); (X.A.P.-M.); (G.C.-Q.); (R.G.C.-M.); (A.L.-L.)
| | - Rafael G. Campos-Montiel
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1, Tulancingo C.P. 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico; (G.C.-L.); (X.A.P.-M.); (G.C.-Q.); (R.G.C.-M.); (A.L.-L.)
| | - Alejandro Morales-Peñaloza
- Escuela Superior de Apan, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Apan-Calpulalpan s/n, Colonia Chimalpa Tlalayote, Apan C.P. 43920, Hidalgo, Mexico;
| | - Arely León-López
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1, Tulancingo C.P. 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico; (G.C.-L.); (X.A.P.-M.); (G.C.-Q.); (R.G.C.-M.); (A.L.-L.)
| | - Gabriel Aguirre-Álvarez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1, Tulancingo C.P. 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico; (G.C.-L.); (X.A.P.-M.); (G.C.-Q.); (R.G.C.-M.); (A.L.-L.)
- Uni-Collagen S.A. de C.V. Arnulfo González No. 203, El Paraíso, Tulancingo C.P. 43684, Hidalgo, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-775-145-9265
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Process Development for the Instant Quantification of Lycopene from Agricultural Produces Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (SFC-DAD). Foods 2022; 11:foods11040522. [PMID: 35205996 PMCID: PMC8871322 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A quick, simple, and reliable isocratic ultra-performance supercritical fluid chromatography-photodiode array detector (UPSFC-DAD) method was developed and validated to determine lycopene in different horticultural products. The effects of stationary phase, co-solvent, pressure, temperature, flow rate, and mobile phase additive on the separation of lycopene were evaluated. The developed method involved BEH-2EP—2.1 × 150 mm, 5 µm as the stationary phase, and CO2/MeOH 85:15 (v/v) with formic acid as the additive at 0.10% as the mobile phase. The column temperature was maintained at 45 °C, ABPR at 1800 psi, and the mobile phase’s flow rate was maintained at 1 mL/min. Under the optimized conditions, lycopene was successfully separated within 0.722 ± 0.001 min. The standard curve assayed over a range of 10 to 100 µg/mL resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.998. The mean recoveries between 97.38% and 102.67% at different spiking levels with RSD < 2.5% were achieved. The intra and inter-day precision expressed as relative standard deviations (RSD) were found to range from 1.27% to 3.28% and from 1.57% to 4.18%, respectively. Robustness in terms of retention time (tR) and RSD were found to be 0.93 ± 0.23 min and less <2.80%, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.14 µg/mL and 0.37 µg/mL, respectively. This method was successfully applied to determine lycopene extracted from papaya, grapefruit, and bitter melon.
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Nagarajan J, Pui Kay H, Krishnamurthy NP, Ramakrishnan NR, Aldawoud TMS, Galanakis CM, Wei OC. Extraction of Carotenoids from Tomato Pomace via Water-Induced Hydrocolloidal Complexation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1019. [PMID: 32660080 PMCID: PMC7407187 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agro-industrial waste is a largely untapped natural resource of bioactive compounds including carotenoids and pectin. However, conventional solvent extraction involves the excessive use of organic solvents, costly equipment, and tedious operation. These limitations of conventional extraction methods could be prospectively overcome by the carotenoid-pectin hydrocolloidal complexation. The complexation of lycopene and pectin was efficiently promoted in an aqueous environment, resulting in the colloidal complexes that can be subsequently recovered by sedimentation or centrifugation. In this study, the potential of carotenoid-pectin complexation on tomato pomace containing carotenoids and pectin was evaluated. Tomato pomace is a rich source of lycopene, β-carotene as well as pectin, making it suitable as the raw material for the carotenoid extraction. The extraction of carotenoid and pectin from tomato pomace was optimized using response surface methodology. The maximum recovery was 9.43 mg carotenoid fractions/100 g tomato pomace, while the purity of carotenoid-rich fractions was 92%. The antioxidant capacity of carotenoids extracted from the complexation method was found to be higher than that from the solvent extraction method. Moreover, extraction yield and antioxidant capacity of carotenoid obtained from the carotenoid-pectin complexation were comparable to that from solvent extraction. The carotenoid-pectin complexation is a promising green approach to valorize agro by-products for the extraction of valuable carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesree Nagarajan
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (J.N.); (H.P.K.); (N.R.R.)
| | - Hang Pui Kay
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (J.N.); (H.P.K.); (N.R.R.)
| | | | - Nagasundara Ramanan Ramakrishnan
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (J.N.); (H.P.K.); (N.R.R.)
| | | | - Charis M. Galanakis
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Research & Innovation Department, Galanakis Laboratories, 73131 Chania, Greece
- Food Waste Recovery Group, ISEKI Food Association, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ooi Chien Wei
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (J.N.); (H.P.K.); (N.R.R.)
- Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform (MIPO), Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
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Characterization of enzymatic modified soluble dietary fiber from tomato peels with high release of lycopene. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Rahimi S, Mikani M. Lycopene green ultrasound-assisted extraction using edible oil accompany with response surface methodology (RSM) optimization performance: Application in tomato processing wastes. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Membrane separation technology for the recovery of nutraceuticals from food industrial streams. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Sattar Z, Iranshahy M, Iranshahi M. Lutein is Four Times More Stable in Sunflower Oil than Olive Oil at 40 °C. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Sattar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesP.O. Box 91775‐1365 MashhadIran
| | - Milad Iranshahy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesP.O. Box 91775‐1365 MashhadIran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesP.O. Box 91775‐1365 MashhadIran
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An updated review on use of tomato pomace and crustacean processing waste to recover commercially vital carotenoids. Food Res Int 2018; 108:516-529. [PMID: 29735087 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the amount of food processing waste has become a major concern for environmental sustainability. The valorization of these waste materials can solve the problems of its disposal. Notably, the tomato pomace and crustacean processing waste presents enormous opportunities for the extraction of commercially vital carotenoids, lycopene, and astaxanthin, which have diverse applications in the food, feed, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic industries. Moreover, such waste can generate surplus revenue which can significantly improve the economics of food production and processing. Considering these aspects, many reports have been published on the efficient use of tomato and crustacean processing waste to recover lycopene and astaxanthin. The current review provides up-to-date information available on the chemistry of lycopene and astaxanthin, their extraction methods that use environmentally friendly green solvents to minimize the impact of toxic chemical solvents on health and environment. Future research challenges in this context are also identified.
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