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Linehan K, Patangia DV, Ross RP, Stanton C. Production, Composition and Nutritional Properties of Organic Milk: A Critical Review. Foods 2024; 13:550. [PMID: 38397527 PMCID: PMC10887702 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk is one of the most valuable products in the food industry with most milk production throughout the world being carried out using conventional management, which includes intensive and traditional systems. The intensive use of fertilizers, antibiotics, pesticides and concerns regarding animal health and the environment have given increasing importance to organic dairy and dairy products in the last two decades. This review aims to compare the production, nutritional, and compositional properties of milk produced by conventional and organic dairy management systems. We also shed light on the health benefits of milk and the worldwide scenario of the organic dairy production system. Most reports suggest milk has beneficial health effects with very few, if any, adverse effects reported. Organic milk is reported to confer additional benefits due to its lower omega-6-omega-3 ratio, which is due to the difference in feeding practices, with organic cows predominantly pasture fed. Despite the testified animal, host, and environmental benefits, organic milk production is difficult in several regions due to the cost-intensive process and geographical conditions. Finally, we offer perspectives for a better future and highlight knowledge gaps in the organic dairy management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Linehan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (K.L.); (D.V.P.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 Y120 Cork, Ireland;
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Dhrati V. Patangia
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (K.L.); (D.V.P.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 Y120 Cork, Ireland;
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Reynolds Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 Y120 Cork, Ireland;
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (K.L.); (D.V.P.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 Y120 Cork, Ireland;
- VistaMilk Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
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Banik P, Anisuzzaman M, Bhattacharjee S, Marshall DJ, Yu J, Nur AAU, Jolly YN, Mamun MA, Paray BA, Bappy MMM, Bhuiyan T, Hossain MB. Quantification, characterization and risk assessment of microplastics from five major estuaries along the northern Bay of Bengal coast. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123036. [PMID: 38030111 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) as hazardous contaminants has drawn the rapid attention of the general public due to their omnipresence and adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health. Despite this, understanding of MPs contamination levels in the estuarine ecosystems along the Bay of Bengal coast remains very limited. This research focused on the presence, spatial distribution, morpho-chemical characteristics and ecological implications of MPs in water and sediment from five key estuaries (Meghna, Karnaphuli, Matamuhuri, Bakkhali, and Naf rivers) within the Bengal delta. Out of the five estuaries, the Meghna exhibited the least amount of MPs in both surface water (150.00 ± 65.62 items/m3) and sediment (30.56 ± 9.34 items/kg). In contrast, the highest occurrence of MPs was recorded in Karnaphuli river water (350.00 ± 69.22 items/m3) and Matamuhuri river sediment (118.33 ± 26.81 items/kg). ANOVA indicated a statistically significant distinction (p < 0.01) among the examined estuaries. Most identified MPs were fibers and < 0.5 mm in size in both water and sediment samples. Transparent MPs were dominant in both water (42.28%) and sediment (45.22%). Besides violet, red, blue, pink and green colored MPs were also observed. Various polymer types, including PE, PP, PET, PS, Nylon, EVA, and ABS, were detected, with PE being the dominant one. Based on the polymer risk index (PHI), the estuaries were classified as hazard level V, signifying a severe level of MP contamination. However, the potential ecological hazardous index (PHI), potential ecological risk index (RI), and pollution load index (PLI) indicated moderate pollution levels. This study offers initial insights into the pollution caused by MPs in major estuaries of Bengal delta, which policymakers can utilize to implement suitable management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partho Banik
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Anisuzzaman
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Shovon Bhattacharjee
- Biosecurity Program, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - David J Marshall
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, University Brunei Darussalam, Jala Tungku Link, Gadong, BE, 1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Jimmy Yu
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - As-Ad Ujjaman Nur
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Yeasmin N Jolly
- Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Al- Mamun
- Materials Science Division, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Bilal Ahamad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Maheen Mahmud Bappy
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Tabarok Bhuiyan
- Department of Oceanography, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - M Belal Hossain
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, 3814, Bangladesh; School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
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Zacometti C, Tata A, Massaro A, Riuzzi G, Bragolusi M, Cozzi G, Piro R, Khazzar S, Gerardi G, Gottardo F, Segato S. Seasonal Variation in Raw Milk VOC Profile within Intensive Feeding Systems. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091871. [PMID: 37174409 PMCID: PMC10178752 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the seasonal variation in raw milk volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from three indoor feeding systems based on maize silage (n = 31), silages/hay (n = 19) or hay (n = 16). After headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), VOC profiles were determined by gas chromatography (GC). Chemical and VOC (log10 transformations of the peak areas) data were submitted to a two-way ANOVA to assess the feeding system (FS) and season (S) effects; an interactive principal component analysis (iPCA) was also performed. The interaction FS × S was never significant. The FS showed the highest (p < 0.05) protein and casein content for hay-milk samples, while it did not affect any VOCs. Winter milk had higher (p < 0.05) proportions of protein, casein, fat and some carboxylic acids, while summer milk was higher (p < 0.05) in urea and 2-pentanol and methyl aldehydes. The iPCA confirmed a seasonal spatial separation. Carboxylic acids might generate from incomplete esterification in the mammary gland and/or milk lipolytic activity, while aldehydes seemed to be correlated with endogenous lipid or amino acid oxidation and/or feed transfer. The outcomes suggested that VOCs could be an operative support to trace raw milk for further mild processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Zacometti
- Experimental Chemistry Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tata
- Experimental Chemistry Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Massaro
- Experimental Chemistry Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Giorgia Riuzzi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marco Bragolusi
- Experimental Chemistry Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Giulio Cozzi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Roberto Piro
- Experimental Chemistry Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Sara Khazzar
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Gabriele Gerardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Flaviana Gottardo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Severino Segato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
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Zhou Y, Gu Y, Guo R, Jiao L, Wang K, Zhu Q, Dong D. In situ detection of fruit spoilage based on volatile compounds using the mid-infrared fiber-optic evanescent wave spectroscopy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:991883. [PMID: 36304387 PMCID: PMC9592999 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.991883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds such as ethanol released from fruit can be rapidly detected using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy based on a long-path gas cell. However, this method relies on a long optical path length and requires pumping fruit volatiles into the gas cell. This can lead to the volatile compounds being contaminated and not detectable in situ. Fiber optic evanescent wave spectroscopy (FOEW) is not influenced by the path length so can detect materials (solid, liquid and gas phase) rapidly in situ, using only a few millimeters of optical fiber. In the present study, a spiral silver halide FOEW sensor with a length of approximately 21 mm was used to replace a long-path gas cell to explore the feasibility of identifying volatile compounds released from grapes in situ. The absorption peaks of ethanol in the volatile compounds were clearly found in the FOEW spectra and their intensity gradually increased as the storage time of the grapes increased. PCA analysis of these spectra showed clear clustering at different storage times (1-3, 4-5 and 6-7 d), revealing that the concentration of the ethanol released from the grapes changed significantly with time. The qualitative model established by PLS-DA algorithm could accurately classify grape samples as "Fresh," "Slight spoilage," or "Severe spoilage". The accuracy of the calibration and validation sets both were 100.00%. These changes can therefore be used for rapidly identifying fruit deterioration. Compared with the method used in a previous study by the authors, this method avoids using a pumping process and can thus identify volatile compounds and hence monitor deterioration in situ and on-line by placing a very short optical fiber near the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhai Zhou
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Gu
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Guo
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leizi Jiao
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingzhen Zhu
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Daming Dong
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Violino S, Taiti C, Marone E, Pallottino F, Costa C. A statistical tool to determine the quality of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jahani R, van Ruth S, Yazdanpanah H, Faizi M, Shojaee AliAbadi MH, Mahboubi A, Kobarfard F. Isotopic signatures and patterns of volatile compounds for discrimination of genuine lemon, genuine lime and adulterated lime juices. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Taiti C, Marone E, Fiorino P, Mancuso S. The olive oil dilemma: To be or not to be EVOO? chemometric analysis to grade virgin olive oils using 792 fingerprints from PTR-ToF-MS. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li M, Zhang Y, Xi H, Fu Y, Wang H, Zhang Y, Sun S. Characterization of Rose Essential Oils by Double-Region Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (DRAPCI-MS) with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), and Heatmap Analysis. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2055563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Li
- Key Laboratory in Flavor & Fragrance Basic Research, China National Tobacco, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Hebei Tobacco Company, Shijiazhuang China
| | - Hui Xi
- Key Laboratory in Flavor & Fragrance Basic Research, China National Tobacco, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Fu
- Key Laboratory in Flavor & Fragrance Basic Research, China National Tobacco, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory in Flavor & Fragrance Basic Research, China National Tobacco, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yipeng Zhang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Yunan Industrial Company, Kunming China
| | - Shihao Sun
- Key Laboratory in Flavor & Fragrance Basic Research, China National Tobacco, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, China
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Prache S, Lebret B, Baéza E, Martin B, Gautron J, Feidt C, Médale F, Corraze G, Raulet M, Lefèvre F, Verrez-Bagnis V, Sans P. Review: Quality and authentication of organic animal products in Europe. Animal 2021; 16 Suppl 1:100405. [PMID: 34844891 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 'organic' label guarantees a production process that avoids the use of synthetic fertilisers, pesticides and hormones and minimises the use of veterinary drugs; however, consumers are demanding guarantees regarding food quality. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on the quality of organic animal products, including the authentication of their organic origin. Quality has been considered as an integrative combination of six core attributes: commercial value, and nutritional, sensory, technological, convenience and safety attributes. The comparison of these attributes between organic and conventional animal products shows high heterogeneity due to variability in farming pratices in both organic and conventional systems. To overcome this, we pinpoint the farming practices underlying the differences observed. This enables light to be shed on the consequences of possible trajectories of organic farming, if specifications are relaxed or tightened up on commitments concerning farming practices that impact product quality. Two recent meta-analyses showed better nutritional attributes in organic milk and meat linked to their higher poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content, particularly n-3 PUFAs. Regarding safety, we point to a lack of integrated studies quantifying the balance between positive and negative effects. Organic farming reduces the risk of drug residues and antibiotic resistance, but both outdoor rearing and a frequently longer rearing period increase the animals' exposition to environmental contaminants and the risk of their bioaccumulation in milk, eggs, meat and fish flesh. We highlight antagonisms between quality attributes for certain animal products (lamb, pork). In general, attributes are more variable for organic products, which can be explained by lower genetic selection (poultry), lower inputs and/or greater variability in farming conditions. However, the literature does not address the implications of this greater variability for the consumers' acceptability and the necessary adaptation of manufacturing processes. Further research is needed to document the impacts on human nutritional biomarkers and health. Methods used to authenticate organic origin are based on differences in animal diet composition between organic and conventional systems, but their reliability is hampered by the variability in farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prache
- Université d'Auvergne, INRAE, Vetagro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 St-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - B Lebret
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 St-Gilles, France
| | - E Baéza
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR BOA, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - B Martin
- Université d'Auvergne, INRAE, Vetagro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 St-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - J Gautron
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR BOA, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - C Feidt
- Université Lorraine, Usc340, UR AFPA, INRAE, 2, av Foret Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - F Médale
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419 Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - G Corraze
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419 Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - M Raulet
- DEPE, INRAE, 147, rue de l'Unversité, 75338 Paris Cedex 07, France
| | | | - V Verrez-Bagnis
- IFREMER, Laboratoire EM3B, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - P Sans
- ALISS UR 1303, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
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Vyviurska O, Koljančić N, Thai HA, Gorovenko R, Špánik I. Classification of Botrytized Wines Based on Producing Technology Using Flow-Modulated Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040876. [PMID: 33923559 PMCID: PMC8074103 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The enantiomeric ratio of chiral compounds is known as a useful tool to estimate wine quality as well as observe an influence of wine-producing technology. The incorporation of flow-modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography in this type of analysis provides a possibility to improve the quality of results due to the enhancement of separation capacity and resolution. In this study, flow-modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography was incorporated in enantioselective analysis to determine the influence of winemaking technology on specific features of botrytized wines. The samples included Tokaj essences (high-sugar wines), Tokaj botrytized wines and varietal wines (Furmint, Muscat Lunel, Lipovina) and wines maturated on grape peels. The obtained data was processed with hierarchic cluster analysis to reveal variations in composition and assess classification ability for botrytized wines. A significant difference between the samples was observed for the enantiomeric distribution of ethyl lactate and presence of monoterpene alcohols. The varietal wines were successfully separated from the other types, which showed more similar results and could be divided with additional parameters. We observed a correlation between the botrytized wines and the varietal wines fermented with grape skins. As to the essences produced from juice of botrytized grapes, the results were quite similar to those of the botrytized wines, even though monoterpenes were not detected in the extracts.
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Ekpa O, Fogliano V, Linnemann A. Identification of the volatile profiles of 22 traditional and newly bred maize varieties and their porridges by PTR-QiTOF-MS and HS-SPME GC-MS. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1618-1628. [PMID: 32880955 PMCID: PMC7891407 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low adoption of maize varieties bred to address the nutritional needs of the growing African population limits their impact. Aroma is essential in consumer preference, but has hitherto hardly been studied. We analysed the volatile organic compounds of flours and porridges of 22 maize varieties belonging to four nutritionally distinct groups, namely provitamin A maize, quality protein maize, yellow and white maize. RESULTS Proton-transfer-reaction quadrupole ion time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-QiTOF-MS) analysis generated 524 mass peaks ranging from 16.007 to 448.089 m/z. Principal component analysis separated the varieties belonging to the four groups. With headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME GC-MS), 48 volatile compounds were identified in maize flour and 21 in maize porridge, including hexane, nonane, pentanoic acid, 1-octen-3-ol, 1-hexanol, hexanal, nonanal, 2-pentylfuran and 2-heptanone. Volatile compounds such as 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene, associated with thermal degradation of carotenoids, increased in the porridge of yellow and provitamin A maize. CONCLUSION The results indicate that PTR-QiTOF-MS and HS-SPME GC-MS combined with multivariate analysis are instrumental to study the volatile aroma compounds of different maize varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onu Ekpa
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food SciencesWageningen University and Research CentreWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food SciencesWageningen University and Research CentreWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Anita Linnemann
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food SciencesWageningen University and Research CentreWageningenThe Netherlands
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12
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Pedrotti M, Khomenko I, Fontana M, Somenzi M, Falchero L, Arveda M, Cappellin L, Fogliano V, Biasioli F. The good, the bad and the aged: Predicting sensory quality of anhydrous milk fat by PTR/SRI-Tof-MS analysis and data mining. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Acierno V, de Jonge L, van Ruth S. Sniffing out cocoa bean traits that persist in chocolates by PTR-MS, ICP-MS and IR-MS. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Yang Y, Zhang L, Hettinga KA, Erasmus SW, van Ruth SM. Prevalence of Milk Fraud in the Chinese Market and its Relationship with Fraud Vulnerabilities in the Chain. Foods 2020; 9:E709. [PMID: 32492929 PMCID: PMC7353633 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of ultra-high-temperature (UHT) processed milk samples suspected of being adulterated on the Chinese market and, subsequently, relate their geographical origin to the earlier determined fraud vulnerability. A total of 52 UHT milk samples purchased from the Chinese market were measured to detect possible anomalies. The milk compositional features were determined by standardized Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, and the detection limits for common milk adulterations were investigated. The results showed that twelve of the analysed milk samples (23%) were suspected of having quality or fraud-related issues, while one sample of these was highly suspected of being adulterated (diluted with water). Proportionally, more suspected samples were determined among milks produced in the Central-Northern and Eastern areas of China than in those from the North-Western and North-Eastern areas, while those from the South were in between. Combining the earlier collected results on fraud vulnerability in the Chinese milk chains, it appears that increased fraud prevalence relates to poorer business relationships and lack of adequate managerial controls. Since very few opportunities and motivations differ consistently across high and low-prevalence areas, primarily the improvement of control measures can help to mitigate food fraud in the Chinese milk supply chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzheng Yang
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (Y.Y.); (K.A.H.); (S.W.E.)
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, part of Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Liebing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 291, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Kasper A. Hettinga
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (Y.Y.); (K.A.H.); (S.W.E.)
| | - Sara W. Erasmus
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (Y.Y.); (K.A.H.); (S.W.E.)
| | - Saskia M. van Ruth
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (Y.Y.); (K.A.H.); (S.W.E.)
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, part of Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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From Extra Virgin Olive Oil to Refined Products: Intensity and Balance Shifts of the Volatile Compounds versus Odor. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112469. [PMID: 32466443 PMCID: PMC7321329 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore relationships between the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of different grades of olive oils (OOs) (extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), refined olive oil (ROO), and pomace olive oil (POO)) and odor quality, VOCs were measured in the headspace of the oils by proton transfer reaction quadrupole ion guide time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The concentrations of most VOCs differed significantly between the grades (EVOO > ROO > POO), whereas the abundance of m/z 47.012 (formic acid), m/z 49.016 (fragments), m/z 49.027 (fragments), and m/z 115.111 (heptanal/heptanone) increased in that order. Although the refined oils had considerably lower VOC abundance, the extent of the decline varied with the VOCs. This results in differences in VOCs proportions. The high VOC abundance in the EVOO headspace in comparison to ROO and POO results in a richer and more complex odor. The identified C5–C6 compounds are expected to contribute mainly to the green odor notes, while the identified C1–C4 and C7–C15 are mainly responsible for odor defects of OOs. Current results reveal that processing strongly affects both the quantitative and relative abundance of the VOCs and, therefore, the odor quality of the various grades of OOs.
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16
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Zanin RC, Smrke S, Kurozawa LE, Yamashita F, Yeretzian C. Novel experimental approach to study aroma release upon reconstitution of instant coffee products. Food Chem 2020; 317:126455. [PMID: 32109659 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study presents an experimental approach to study the kinetics and fast release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) upon reconstitution of instant coffee products. A sampling setup coupled to PTR-ToF-MS (Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry) for the automated and reproducible reconstitution of instant coffee products was developed to monitor the dynamic release of VOCs. A rapid release of aroma compounds was observed in the first seconds upon hot water addition ("aroma burst"), followed by subsequent decrease in headspace (HS) intensities over the course of analysis. Differences in time-intensity release profiles of individual VOCs were correlated to their Henry's Law constant, vapor pressure and water solubility. The setup and approach proposed here have shown to be sensitive and to respond to fast dynamic changes in aroma release. It allows studying VOCs release upon reconstitution and supports the development of novel technologies and formulations for instant products with improved aroma release properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Campos Zanin
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P O Box 10011, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Samo Smrke
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland.
| | - Louise Emy Kurozawa
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Yamashita
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P O Box 10011, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Chahan Yeretzian
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland.
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17
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Liu N, Pustjens AM, Erasmus SW, Yang Y, Hettinga K, van Ruth SM. Dairy farming system markers: The correlation of forage and milk fatty acid profiles from organic, pasture and conventional systems in the Netherlands. Food Chem 2020; 314:126153. [PMID: 31986340 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between the fatty acid (FA) composition in forage and milk (F&M) from different dairy systems were investigated. Eighty milk samples and 91 forage samples were collected from 40 farms (19 organic, 11 pasture and 10 conventional) in the Netherlands, during winter and summer. The FA profiles of F&M samples were measured with gas chromatography. The results showed that the F&M of organic farms were significantly differentiated from the F&M of other farms, both in summer and winter. The differences are likely due to the different grazing strategies in summer and different forage composition in winter. The Pearson's correlation results showed the specific relationship between individual FAs in forages and related milk. A PLS-DA model was applied to classify all milks samples, resulting in 87.5% and 83.3% correct classifications of training set and validation set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjing Liu
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M Pustjens
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara W Erasmus
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuzheng Yang
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper Hettinga
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia M van Ruth
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Coppa M, Chassaing C, Sibra C, Cornu A, Verbič J, Golecký J, Engel E, Ratel J, Boudon A, Ferlay A, Martin B. Forage system is the key driver of mountain milk specificity. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:10483-10499. [PMID: 31495613 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this work were to determine the effect of upland origin on milk composition when comparing similar lowland and upland production system and to highlight the factors responsible for the added value of upland milk from commercial farms. Tanker milk from 55 groups of farms (264 farms in total) in France, Slovakia, and Slovenia was collected twice during the indoor season and 3 times during the outdoor season. The tanker rounds were selected in each country to be balanced according to their origin (lowland or upland) and within upland or lowland groups, according to the forage systems: corn-based or grass-based forage system. At each milk sampling, the production conditions were recorded through on-farm surveys. The milk was analyzed for gross composition, carotenoids, minerals, fatty acids, phenolic compound derivatives, volatile organic compound concentrations, and color. The milk from upland and lowland areas differed in their contents of a few constituents. Upland milk was richer in not identified (n.i.) retention time (Rt) 13,59, 4-methylpentylbenzene, 1-methyl-2-n-hexylbenzene, and β-caryophyllene than lowland milk. These differences could be most likely attributable to the utilization of highly diversified and extensively managed semi-natural grasslands. The higher forbs content of upland pastures could be related as well to the richness in C18:3n-3, CLA cis-9,trans-11, MUFA, and PUFA we observed in upland compared with lowland milk during the outdoor season. In contrast, grazing on lowland pastures rich in grasses gave a yellower milk that was richer in β-carotene. Out of the few compounds showing a significant effect of origin or its interaction, most of the milk constituents were unaffected by the origin at all. However, almost all milk constituents differed according to the forage system and the season, and the differences observed between seasons can be attributed to differences in the cow diet composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Coppa
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - C Chassaing
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - C Sibra
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - A Cornu
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - J Verbič
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J Golecký
- Grassland and Mountain Agriculture Research Institute, Mladeznicka 36, 974 21 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - E Engel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR 370 Product Quality, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - J Ratel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR 370 Product Quality, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - A Boudon
- PEGASE, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - A Ferlay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - B Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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Fraud vulnerability in the Dutch milk supply chain: Assessments of farmers, processors and retailers. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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20
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Alewijn M, Wehrens R, van Ruth SM. Robust detection methodology of milk heat treatment in cheese based on volatile profile fingerprinting. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Asaduzzaman M, Kerschbaumer M, Scampicchio M. Rapid and non-invasive multivariate approach for the quality control of raw milk from mountain areas based on proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry data. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1379-1386. [PMID: 29689633 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A rapid and non-invasive method for the control of milk by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry was developed. The approach has the potential to verify the geographic origin and altitude of dairy farms, provided that the cows have been extensively grazed with forage that reflects the botanical composition of the mountain environment. METHODS Over a 1-month period, a total of 116 samples were analysed by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTRMS). A multivariate control chart based on the Hotelling T2 statistic was built with PTRMS data and, for comparison, with the chemical parameters obtained by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, MilkoScan). RESULTS The headspace analysis of the samples led to characteristic volatile profiles. Farms located in different mountain areas were discriminated by the protonated molecules m/z 45 (acetaldehyde), 59 (acetone), 73 (2-butanone) and 89 (butyric acid, ethyl acetate, pentanol). Milk samples were also discriminated according to the altitude of the farms according to m/z 45, 59, 63 (dimethyl sulfide), 73 (propionic acid, methyl acetate) and 81 (terpenes). CONCLUSIONS A multivariate control chart based on PTRMS data was used for the quality control of milk. Milk samples from farms located at different mountain areas and altitudes were successfully discriminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asaduzzaman
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Martin Kerschbaumer
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Matteo Scampicchio
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
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Silvis ICJ, Luning PA, Klose N, Jansen M, van Ruth SM. Similarities and differences of the volatile profiles of six spices explored by Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry. Food Chem 2018; 271:318-327. [PMID: 30236683 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Aroma properties of spices are related to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present, which can provide distinct analytical signatures. The aim of the study was to examine similarity and diversity of VOC profiles of six common market spices (black/white pepper, chili paprika, cinnamon, nutmeg and saffron). The key volatiles were identified by PTR-TOFMS. Twelve samples per spice were subjected to PTR-Quadrupole MS (PTR-QMS) and Principal Component Analysis to compare the groups and examine diversity. With PTR-TOFMS, 101 volatile compounds were identified as total sum across all samples by mass and comparing them with literature data. Some spices comprised key character aroma compounds, e.g. cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon. For others, VOC groups, such as terpenes, acids and aldehydes topped the list. The PTR-QMS in combination with variables selection resulted in distinct PCA patterns for each spice. Variation within the spice groups was observed, but varied with the kind of spice. The results are valuable for future authentication studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C J Silvis
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17 / bode 30, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - P A Luning
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17 / bode 30, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - N Klose
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17 / bode 30, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Jansen
- Intertaste, Weverseinde 343, 3297 LJ Puttershoek, The Netherlands
| | - S M van Ruth
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17 / bode 30, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Liu N, Parra HA, Pustjens A, Hettinga K, Mongondry P, van Ruth SM. Evaluation of portable near-infrared spectroscopy for organic milk authentication. Talanta 2018; 184:128-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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24
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Use of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) for multivariate association between bioactive compounds and functional properties in foods: A critical perspective. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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