1
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Chung SWC. Update on chromium speciation analysis in foods: a review of advances in analytical methods and dietary exposure assessment. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:782-789. [PMID: 38728540 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2352858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Chromium occurs naturally in different oxidation states. Amongst them, hexavalent chromium is classified as both genotoxic and carcinogenic while trivalent chromium can be considered as an essential element. Therefore, speciation analysis is essential when conducting dietary exposure assessment. Several critical reviews have been published on chromium speciation analysis in foodstuffs in the last decade. However, a method that can account for species interconversion during the extraction procedure has not been reported in the reviews. In recent years, an online method using species-specific isotope dilution mass spectrometry has been developed for the simultaneous determination of trivalent and hexavalent chromium in foodstuffs. Apart from that, new methods based on offline analytical techniques, to analyse trivalent and hexavalent chromium separately, are still under development. Therefore, one of the objectives of this paper is to review these recently published analytical methods and assess whether they are fit for chromium speciation analysis in foodstuffs. Additionally, an objective is also to assess whether their limits of detection are sufficiently low for dietary exposure assessment with respect to the neoplastic effects of hexavalent chromium. Moreover, possible future research gaps are identified based on the current knowledge and existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W C Chung
- Independent Researcher, Hong Kong, China
- Formerly with the Food Research Laboratory, Centre for Food Safety, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Fu G, Hu W, Xie W, Yao X, Xu J, Yang P, Yao M. Quantitative analysis of Cd based on the stress effect of minerals in rice by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:5867-5874. [PMID: 37902026 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01340e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that can accumulate in the food chain, posing a significant threat to human health. One of the key food sources through which Cd is often observed is rice. Therefore, determining heavy metals in rice is essential to assess the risk status of rice. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has the advantages of simple sample preparation and fast analysis, which is expected to achieve real-time and rapid detection of rice. In this work, 40 naturally matured rice samples growing from the area that is possibly contaminated with Cd were collected to determine the Cd reference content in rice by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy as recommended by the Chinese National Standard. LIBS spectral acquisition and analysis are adopted as well. The Cd characteristic spectral lines were selected to predict the Cd content directly using PCA, PLSR, and ELM models, and the coefficient of determination (R2) of the models' training and prediction sets was 0.9278, 0.8920; 0.9036, 0.9771; 0.7940, and 0.8409, respectively. Further, based on the Cd stress effect in rice, the spectra of elements Mn, Mg, K, and Na with highly significant and significant correlation with Cd were selected and coupled with the Cd characteristic spectra to form a new matrix of the same size for quantitative analysis. Based on the stress effect, R2 of models' training and prediction sets was improved to 0.9786, 0.9753; 0.9395, 0.9900; 0.9798, and 0.9927, respectively. It is demonstrated that combining the stress effect when using LIBS for quantitative analysis of Cd in rice reduces the overfitting and further improves the model's prediction accuracy. This work indicates that using LIBS combined with suitable mathematical models to predict the Cd content of naturally matured rice based on stress effects in rice is feasible. It is promising to evaluate the safety of rice by analyzing LIBS spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangrong Fu
- College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Weiping Xie
- College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Xiaoying Yao
- College of Vocational and Technical Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Ping Yang
- Institute of Electronic, Changzhou College of Information Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Mingyin Yao
- College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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3
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Yan J, Zhang C, Wang C, Lu D, Chen S. Direct immersion dual-drop microextraction for simultaneous separation and enrichment of Cr(III) and Cr(IV) in food samples prior to graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry detection. Food Chem 2023; 406:134276. [PMID: 36463599 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-chromatographic speciation methods generally involve speciation conversion, which may cause sample contamination, analysis errors and tedious operations. In this work, a direct immersion dual-drop microextraction (DIDDME) was firstly developed for separation and preconcentration of Cr(III) and Cr(VI). In DIDDME, two organic drops on needle tips of microsyringes were concurrently immersed in a stirred sample solution. Each drop contains a chelating reagent for reacting with a specific species. Thus, Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were selectively extracted into different drops. This method afforded detection limits of 3.0 and 4.1 ng/L, quantification limitof 10 ng/L and 14 ng/L, linear range of 0.01-30 ng mL-1 and enrichment factors of 354-fold and 326-fold for Cr(III) and Cr(VI), respectively. Precisions like repeatability and reproducibility were assessed by calculating relative standard deviations, which were lower than 5.4 % and 6.9 %, respectively. This procedure was used successfully for quantification of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Yan
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Chenghao Zhang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Dengbo Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Shizhong Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China.
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4
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Yan J, Zhang C, Wang C, Lu D, Chen S. A novel separation and preconcentration methodology based on direct immersion dual-drop microextraction for speciation of inorganic chromium in environmental water samples. Talanta 2023; 255:123902. [PMID: 36580807 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, for the first time, a novel separation and preconcentration method of direct immersion dual-drop microextraction (DIDDME) was proposed for the species of inorganic chromium (Cr(III) and Cr(VI)) followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry detection. The methodology is based on that two organic drops hold on the needle tips of microsyringes were concurrently immersed in a stirred sample solution. Each drop contains a chelating reagent, which can react with a specific species under the same pH value. Therefore, Cr(III) and Cr(VI) can be selectively extracted into different drops. This procedure did not require tedious and complicated pre-oxidation/pre-reduction and centrifugation/filtration operations, which may lead to the risk of sample contamination and analysis errors. Main parameters influencing separation, preconcentration and identification of the target species were investigated. An enrichment factor of 400-fold was obtained for Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Under the optimized conditions, detection limits for this method were 1.1 ng L-1 and 1.4 ng L-1 for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) with relative standard deviations of 5.1 and 6.3%, respectively. This procedure was applied for the separation, preconcentration and determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in environmental water samples and certified reference materials with satisfactory results. Recoveries of spiked experiments ranged from 86.0 to 112%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Yan
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Chenghao Zhang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Dengbo Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China
| | - Shizhong Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, PR China.
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5
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A Novel, Simple, and Reliable Spectrophotometric Determination of Total Hexavalent Chromium by Complexation with a New Reagent of Thiazole Linked to 2H-Chromen-2-One. Int J Anal Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/2042221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium is a known environmental contaminant and carcinogen. In the current work, a simple, rapid, and reliable direct spectrophotometric method was used for the determination of total Cr (VI) in environmental samples. Acid-base equilibria and ionization constant (pKa) of the new reagent 3-(2-(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)hydrazineyl) thiazol-4-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one (thiazole linked to 2H-chromen-2-one, TFZ) were investigated. The value of pKa for the reagent was found to be 7.6 which was initially reported. The reaction of the TFZ ligand with Cr (VI) was optimized to produce a highly absorbent complex at 370 nm and pH 7.0 within 1 min. With a correlation coefficient of 0.9994, the linear concentration range ranges from 2 to 20,000 ng·mL−1. The detection limit and quantification limit were 0.73 and 2.43 ng·mL−1, respectively. The method has high precision with relative standard deviations less than 1.0 and high accuracy with recovery of 100 ± 2%. A large excess of cations and anions did not interfere with the determination of Cr (VI). The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Cr (VI) in cement samples. The current method could be useful for the routine analysis of Cr (VI) in environmental labs.
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Hagarová I, Nemček L, Šebesta M, Zvěřina O, Kasak P, Urík M. Preconcentration and Separation of Gold Nanoparticles from Environmental Waters Using Extraction Techniques Followed by Spectrometric Quantification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911465. [PMID: 36232767 PMCID: PMC9570491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantification of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) in environmental samples at ultratrace concentrations can be accurately performed by sophisticated and pricey analytical methods. This paper aims to challenge the analytical potential and advantages of cheaper and equally reliable alternatives that couple the well-established extraction procedures with common spectrometric methods. We discuss several combinations of techniques that are suitable for separation/preconcentration and quantification of AuNP in complex and challenging aqueous matrices, such as tap, river, lake, brook, mineral, and sea waters, as well as wastewaters. Cloud point extraction (CPE) has been successfully combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), chemiluminescence (CL), and total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF). The major advantage of this approach is the ability to quantify AuNP of different sizes and coatings in a sample with a volume in the order of milliliters. Small volumes of sample (5 mL), dispersive solvent (50 µL), and extraction agent (70 µL) were reported also for surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (SA-DLLME) coupled with electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS). The limits of detection (LOD) achieved using different combinations of methods as well as enrichment factors (EF) varied greatly, being 0.004–200 ng L−1 and 8–250, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Hagarová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 845 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Nemček
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 845 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Šebesta
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 845 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ondřej Zvěřina
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University in Brno, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Martin Urík
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 845 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-9014-9392
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7
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Algethami JS. A Review on Recent Progress in Organic Fluorimetric and Colorimetric Chemosensors for the Detection of Cr 3+/6+Ions. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:487-507. [PMID: 35758232 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2082242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Chromium occurs in the environment primarily in two valence states, trivalent Cr3+ and hexavalent Cr6+, which have different physicochemical and biochemical properties. However, the higher concentration of Cr3+/6+ can cause various adverse effects on human health. Therefore, detecting Cr3+/6+ ions is important in various samples. Colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensors are the most powerful tools for the detection of Cr3+/6+ ions. These chemosensors have excellent bioimaging capability and significant sensitivity and selectivity. In this article, different colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensors based on organic compounds, including Schiff base, antipyrine, diarylethene, pyrene, crown ether, dansyl, pyridine, thiazole, coumarin, boradiazaindacene, rhodamine, imidazole, hydrazone, and other functional groups for detection of Cr3+/6+ ions have been reviewed, classified them according to different fluorophore and recognition mode. I hope this article will help the readers for the future design of highly effective, sensitive, and selective chemosensors for the detection and determination of Cr3+/6+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari S Algethami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Shraim AM, Ahmad MI, Rahman MSF, Ng JC. Concentrations of essential and toxic elements and health risk assessment in brown rice from Qatari market. Food Chem 2022; 376:131938. [PMID: 34992047 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-two brown rice varieties available in the Qatari market were analyzed for essential and toxic elements by ICP-MS. Found concentrations (µg/kg) were: As: 171 ± 78 (62-343), Cd: 42 ± 60 (4-253), Cr: 515 ± 69 (401-639), Pb: 6 ± 7 (<MDL-26), and U: 0.1 ± 0.5 (<MDL-2). One third of the samples contained high levels of arsenic. Significant differences (p < 0.008) in concentrations were observed for many elements based on both the grains' country of origin and size. Calculated carcinogenic risk according to published speciation data of inorganic arsenic and chromium(VI) available in the literature for rice is > 1 in million, may possibly be > 1 in 10,000 based on conservatively high brown rice consumption rates of 200 g/d or 400 g/d in Qatar. These elevated risks may be applicable to specific population subgroups with diabetic conditions who consume only brown rice. Non-cancer risks are mainly derived from Mn, V, Se, and Cd with a hazard index > 1 from some brown rice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad M Shraim
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | | | | | - Jack C Ng
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
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9
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Fu G, Li Z, Xu J, Xie W, Yang P, Xu Y, Yao M. Prediction of heavy metal Cd and stress on minerals in rice by analysis of LIBS spectra. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:2536-2541. [PMID: 35471320 DOI: 10.1364/ao.448454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To predict the nutrition and safety of agricultural products by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), heavy metal Cd in rice was selected as an analytical target. Mature rice grain samples from 40 growing geographical areas around Poyang Lake were picked on-site and processed by grinding to obtain the edible rice. The content of Cd in rice samples was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and the rice pellets were detected by LIBS. The risk intake was estimated by the target hazard quotient and Chinese National Standard. Moreover, the samples were classified as clean, slight, and severe ones according to evaluation. The content of Cd was predicted by analyzing LIBS spectra coupled with the partial least square (PLS) model. The correlation coefficients (R2) reached 0.9036 and 0.9771 for the training and prediction sets, respectively, and the root mean square errors were 0.0487 and 0.027, respectively. It denotes that the PLS model has a higher prediction ability especially after LIBS spectra were processed by smoothing and multiplicative scatter correction. For the clean, slight, and severe rice samples, the LIBS intensity ratio between minerals Mg, K, Na, Si, and Mn to Ca was compared. The ratio was decreased in all samples as Cd stress increased. Correlation analysis results show that Mn displayed a highly significant negative correlation with Cd stress, while Mg, K, and Na displayed a significant negative correlation with Cd stress. The relationship between Si and Cd did not reach a significant level. This work indicated that it was feasible to use LIBS combined with a suitable data process to predict Cd content and the effect of Cd stress on minerals in rice. It is promising to evaluate the nutrition and safety of food products by analyzing LIBS spectra.
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A sensitive vesicle mediated dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of parts per quadrillion levels of beryllium from seawater samples prior to graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry determination. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1191:339313. [PMID: 35033251 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and highly sensitive vesicle mediated dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure is developed for the determination of parts per quadrillion level of beryllium in seawater and air filter samples for providing its natural background and contamination levels. In this procedure, dioctylsulfosuccinate, an anionic vesicular surfactant and acetylacetone are used as dispersing and chelating agents, respectively. At pH > 9.5, beryllium forms hydrophobic beryllium-acetylacetonate complex spontaneously at room temperature. This complex is selectively filled into the vesicular cavities of dioctylsulfosuccinate and is extracted into small chloroform phase from bulk aqueous phase. The beryllium present in the chloroform phase is back extracted with dilute nitric acid and is analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. This method is applied to groundwater, seawater, coal fly ash, air filter and sea sludge samples. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection, limit of quantification and linear dynamic range are 10 fg mL-1, 33 fg mL-1 and 40-500 fg mL-1 for seawater; 0.15 ng g-1, 0.5 ng g-1 and 0.4-4 ng g-1 for air filter and 1.5 ng g-1, 0.39 ng g-1 and 0.4-4 ng g-1 for coal fly ash, respectively. For 1 L seawater sample an enrichment factor of 954 is achieved. Coefficient of determination (R2) is found to be 0.997. The recoveries are in the range of 94-105% at 200-500 fg mL-1. The relative standard deviations are 20%, 11%, 8% for ppq, ppt and ppb levels of Be, respectively. The accuracy of the procedure is verified by analyzing NIST SRMs 1640 and 1640a trace elements in natural water.
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11
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Akl ZF. A new approach for efficient preconcentration of uranyl ions using binary catanionic surfactant system. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Goodarzi L, Bayatloo MR, Chalavi S, Nojavan S, Rahmani T, Azimi SB. Selective extraction and determination of Cr(VI) in food samples based on tandem electromembrane extraction followed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Chem 2021; 373:131442. [PMID: 34715627 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, electromembrane extraction (EME) combined with micro-EME (µ-EME) was used for the selective extraction of Cr(VI) from food samples (milk powder, Ocimum basilicum, and fish samples). Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry was used for the quantification of Cr(VI). Under the optimized extraction conditions, the extraction recovery of Cr(VI) was 73.7%. This proposed method provided a linear range from 0.01 to 5.0 ng/mL and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.003 and 0.010 ng/mL. The %RSD (n = 5) was in the range of 11.2-11.8% at 0.05, 1.0 and 2.5 ng/mL of Cr(VI), and the enrichment factor was 584. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by analysis of SRM 2700 as a certified reference material (CRM) and result was in good agreement with the certified value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Goodarzi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bayatloo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Soheila Chalavi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran.
| | - Turaj Rahmani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Bahareh Azimi
- Research Group of Environmental Assessment and Risk, Research Center for Environment and Sustainable Development (RCESD), Department of Environment, Tehran 1463913116, Iran
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Saraiva M, Guérin T, Jitaru P, Sloth JJ. Ultra-trace speciation analysis of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in rice using species-specific isotope dilution and HPLC-ICP-MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:1735-1742. [PMID: 34233575 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1937710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to clarify the current controversy related to conflicting reports on whether presence of Cr(VI) in rice is possible or not. For this purpose, a method was employed for the single run speciation analysis of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in rice samples using species-specific isotope dilution (SS-ID) and high performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled mass-spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) and selective single run species complexation/derivatisation. The quantification limits (LOQs) were 0.014 μg kg-1 for Cr(III) and 0.047 μg kg-1 for Cr(VI), while the detection limits (LODs) were 0.004 and 0.014 μg kg-1 for Cr(III) and Cr(VI), respectively. A total of 10 rice samples of different origin and colour (depending on the type of industrial processing) were analysed in this study. The content of Cr(VI) was below the limit of quantification in all of the rice samples analysed, while the Cr(III) levels ranged between 0.59 (whole grain rice) up to 104 µg kg-1 (brown rice). All samples were also analysed for their total Cr (Crtotal) content by ICP-MS solely and the results were in all cases comparable with the Cr(III) levels determined in the same samples. To assess the stability of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in rice, one sample was spiked with Cr(III) and Cr(VI) (individually) at different levels (5.0, 10, 15 and 20 μg kg-1), held for 2 h, and then analysed by SS-ID HPLC-ICP-MS. The results showed a complete reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), while Cr(III) remained stable at all spiking levels. These findings support the general statement from the European Food Safety Authority related to the complete absence of Cr(VI) in foods and confirms that Cr in rice is found solely as Cr(III) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Saraiva
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.,Laboratory for Food Safety, Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thierry Guérin
- Directorate of Strategy and Programs, Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Petru Jitaru
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jens J Sloth
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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Khoshmaram L, Mohammadi M. Combination of a smart phone based low-cost portable colorimeter with air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction for speciation and determination of chromium (III) and (VI). Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.105991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Burcu Kabak, Arslan Y, Trak D, Kendüzler E. Speciation, Preconcentration and Determination of Inorganic Chromium Species in Spring, Drinking, and Waste Water Samples. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x21010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Losev VN, Didukh-Shadrina SL, Orobyeva AS, Metelitsa SI, Samoilo AS, Zhizhaev AM, Trofimchuk AK. Effective separation of chromium species in technological solutions using amino-immobilized silica prior to their determination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124383. [PMID: 33199147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Amino-immobilized (poly(4,9-dioxadodecane-1,12-guanidine, polydiallyldimethylammonium, hexadimethrin bromide, polyhexamethylene guanidine) silicas were proposed for chromium speciation for the first time. Adsorbents surface was characterized by TGA-DSC, FT-IR, CHN, XRD and SEM analysis. Polyamines were strongly fixed on the silica surface and were not washed off with solutions of 3М HNO3 and 20 g L-1 NaCl. Аmino-immobilized silica quantitatively removed (R ≥ 99%) Cr(VI) from solutions at pH 4-7. Cr(III) was not recovered in this pH range, which makes it possible to separate Cr(VI) from Cr(III). The separation factor (КCr(VI)/Cr(III)) was ≥ 1∙104. Silica-based adsorbents layer-by-layer immobilized with polyamines and 2-(1,8-dihydroxy-3,6-disulfo-2-naphthylazo)benzenearsonic acid were proposed for quantitative removal of Cr(III) from aqueous solutions with pH 4-6 at 90 °C. A system of sequentially connected columns filled with selective adsorbents was used to separate the chromium species in stream at рН= 5 and a flow rate of 1 mL min-1. Chromium was determined after its elution with 5 mL of 2 M HNO3 at a flow rate of 1 mL min-1 using ICP-OES or ICP-MS. The pre-concentration factors for Cr(VI) and Cr(III) was 60. A two-column system was used for chromium speciation in technological solutions. The efficiency of chromium speciation was confirmed by state standard procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Losev
- Scientific Research Engineering Center "Kristall", Siberian Federal University, Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana L Didukh-Shadrina
- Scientific Research Engineering Center "Kristall", Siberian Federal University, Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russian Federation.
| | - Anastasya S Orobyeva
- Scientific Research Engineering Center "Kristall", Siberian Federal University, Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey I Metelitsa
- Scientific Research Engineering Center "Kristall", Siberian Federal University, Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Samoilo
- Scientific Research Engineering Center "Kristall", Siberian Federal University, Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly M Zhizhaev
- Laboratory of Physic-Chemical Methods of Material Research, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Aсademgorodok 50/24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly K Trofimchuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
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17
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Milačič R, Ščančar J. Cr speciation in foodstuffs, biological and environmental samples: Methodological approaches and analytical challenges – A critical review. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Wang J, Ahmad W, Mehedi Hassan M, Zareef M, Viswadevarayalu A, Arslan M, Li H, Chen Q. Landing microextraction sediment phase onto surface enhanced Raman scattering to enhance sensitivity and selectivity for chromium speciation in food and environmental samples. Food Chem 2020; 323:126812. [PMID: 32334303 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study explores the first full mode liquid microextraction technique coupled with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and has been successfully applied for chromium speciation in food and environmental matrices. Herein, chromium as chlorochromate anion [CrO3Cl]- and the cationic rhodamine 6G [RG]+ dye has been extracted in organic phase as a complex ion associate [RG+.CrO3Cl-.nS]org at pH ≤ 1.0. Afterwards, the extracted phase was deposited on the surface of the nano-flower shaped silver nanoparticles substrate and the SERS response was monitored against the reagent blank at 1505 cm-1. Substrate characterizations, reaction mechanism assignment, stoichiometry, speciation, analytical applications, selectivity and validation were performed. The analytical procedure exhibits a detection limit of 0.03 µg L-1 under the optimized experimental conditions. The accuracy of the proposed strategy was validated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry method using student's t- and F tests at 95% confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Md Mehedi Hassan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Muhammad Zareef
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | | | - Muhammad Arslan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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19
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Mehdinia A, Salamat M, Jabbari A. Amino-modified Graphene Oxide/Fe 3O 4 for Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction of Cadmium Ions in Rice, Lentil, and Water Samples. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:317-322. [PMID: 31631101 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, amino groups were directly coated on reduced graphene oxide sheets and applied for the extraction of cadmium(II) ions from well water, aqueduct (water coming from mountain), lentils and rice prior to measurements by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The properties of the adsorbent were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and a vibrating sample magnetometer. Some parameters related to the adsorption and desorption stages were optimized. After preconcentration, the linear determination range of cadmium(II) was 0.5 - 40 μg L-1. The limit of quantification, relative standard deviation and preconcentration factor were obtained as 0.5 μg L-1, 0.39 - 2.18% and 100, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mehdinia
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
| | - Maede Salamat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, K. N. Toosi University of Technology
| | - Ali Jabbari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, K. N. Toosi University of Technology
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20
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A green analytical method for ultratrace determination of hexavalent chromium ions based on micro-solid phase extraction using amino-silanized cellulose membranes. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Jia X, Zhao J, Ren H, Wang J, Hong Z, Zhang X. Zwitterion-functionalized polymer microspheres-based solid phase extraction method on-line combined with HPLC–ICP-MS for mercury speciation. Talanta 2019; 196:592-599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Yao L, Zhu Y, Xu W, Wang H, Wang X, Zhang J, Liu H, Lin C. Combination of dispersive solid phase extraction with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the sequential speciation and preconcentration of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in water samples prior to graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry determination. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Sobhi HR, Azadikhah E, Behbahani M, Esrafili A, Ghambarian M. Application of a surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method along with central composite design for micro-volume based spectrophotometric determination of low level of Cr(VI) ions in aquatic samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 202:36-40. [PMID: 29777932 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A fast, simple, low cost surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method along with central composite design for the determination of low level of Cr(VI) ions in several aquatic samples has been developed. Initially, Cr(VI) ions present in the aqueous sample were readily reacted with 1,5‑diphenylcarbazide (DPC) in acidic medium through complexation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), as an anionic surfactant, was then employed as an ion-pair agent to convert the cationic complex into the neutral one. Following on, the whole aqueous phase underwent a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) leading to the transfer of the neutral complex into the fine droplet of organic extraction phase. A micro-volume spectrophotometer was used to determine Cr(VI) concentrations. Under the optimized conditions predicted by the statistical design, the limit of quantification (LOQ) obtained was reported to be 5.0 μg/L, and the calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 5-100 μg/L. Finally, the method was successfully implemented for the determination of low levels of Cr(VI) ions in various real aquatic samples and the accuracies fell within the range of 83-102%, while the precision varied in the span of 1.7-5.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Efat Azadikhah
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Behbahani
- Faculty of Engineering, Shohadaye Hoveizeh University of Technology, Dasht-e Azadegan, Susangerd, Iran
| | - Ali Esrafili
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ghambarian
- Iranian Research and Development Center for Chemical Industries, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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