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Milon RB, Hu P, Zhang X, Hu X, Ren L. Recent advances in the biosynthesis and industrial biotechnology of Gamma-amino butyric acid. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:32. [PMID: 38647854 PMCID: PMC10992975 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid), a crucial neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, has gained significant attention in recent years due to its extensive benefits for human health. The review focused on recent advances in the biosynthesis and production of GABA. To begin with, the investigation evaluates GABA-producing strains and metabolic pathways, focusing on microbial sources such as Lactic Acid Bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Corynebacterium glutamicum. The metabolic pathways of GABA are elaborated upon, including the GABA shunt and critical enzymes involved in its synthesis. Next, strategies to enhance microbial GABA production are discussed, including optimization of fermentation factors, different fermentation methods such as co-culture strategy and two-step fermentation, and modification of the GABA metabolic pathway. The review also explores methods for determining glutamate (Glu) and GABA levels, emphasizing the importance of accurate quantification. Furthermore, a comprehensive market analysis and prospects are provided, highlighting current trends, potential applications, and challenges in the GABA industry. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and industrialists working on GABA advancements, focusing on its efficient synthesis processes and various applications, and providing novel ideas and approaches to improve GABA yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ripon Baroi Milon
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengchen Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqiong Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechao Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai JanStar Technology Development Co, Ltd., No. 1288, Huateng Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lujing Ren
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
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Liu S, Wang F, Chen H, Yang Z, Ning Y, Chang C, Yang D. New Insights into Radio-Resistance Mechanism Revealed by (Phospho)Proteome Analysis of Deinococcus Radiodurans after Heavy Ion Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14817. [PMID: 37834265 PMCID: PMC10572868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Deinococcus radiodurans (D. radiodurans) can tolerate various extreme environments including radiation. Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in radiation resistance mechanisms; however, there is currently a lack of systematic research on this topic in D. radiodurans. Based on label-free (phospho)proteomics, we explored the dynamic changes of D. radiodurans under various doses of heavy ion irradiation and at different time points. In total, 2359 proteins and 1110 high-confidence phosphosites were identified, of which 66% and 23% showed significant changes, respectively, with the majority being upregulated. The upregulated proteins at different states (different doses or time points) were distinct, indicating that the radio-resistance mechanism is dose- and stage-dependent. The protein phosphorylation level has a much higher upregulation than protein abundance, suggesting phosphorylation is more sensitive to irradiation. There were four distinct dynamic changing patterns of phosphorylation, most of which were inconsistent with protein levels. Further analysis revealed that pathways related to RNA metabolism and antioxidation were activated after irradiation, indicating their importance in radiation response. We also screened some key hub phosphoproteins and radiation-responsive kinases for further study. Overall, this study provides a landscape of the radiation-induced dynamic change of protein expression and phosphorylation, which provides a basis for subsequent functional and applied studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.N.); (C.C.)
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.N.); (C.C.)
| | - Heye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.N.); (C.C.)
| | - Zhixiang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;
| | - Yifan Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.N.); (C.C.)
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;
| | - Cheng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.N.); (C.C.)
| | - Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.N.); (C.C.)
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Sun Y, Mehmood A, Battino M, Xiao J, Chen X. Enrichment of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in foods: From conventional methods to innovative technologies. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang SY, Zhang YJ, Zhu GY, Shi XC, Chen X, Herrera-Balandrano DD, Liu FQ, Laborda P. Occurrence of isoflavones in soybean sprouts and strategies to enhance their content: A review. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1961-1982. [PMID: 35411587 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sprouting is a common strategy to enhance the nutritional value of seeds. Here, all the reports regarding the occurrence of isoflavones in soybean sprouts have been covered for the first time. Isoflavones were detected with concentrations ranging from 1 × 10-2 to 1 × 101 g/kg in soybean sprouts. Isoflavone concentration depends on the cultivar, germination time, part of the sprout, light, and temperature. Aglycon isoflavones increased during germination, especially in the hypocotyl, while 6″-O-malonyl-7-O-β-glucoside isoflavones decreased in the hypocotyl and increased in the cotyledon and root. Cooking reduced total isoflavone content. Regarding the strategies to enhance isoflavone contents, fermentation with Aspergillus sojae and external irradiation with UV-A or far-infrared were the methods that caused the greatest increases in aglycon, 7-O-β-glucoside, and total isoflavones. However, the largest increases in 6″-O-malonyl-7-O-β-glucoside and 6″-O-acetyl-7-O-β-glucosides isoflavones were detected after treatment with chitohexaose and calcium chloride, respectively. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Soybean sprouts are widely consumed and provide essential proteins, antioxidants, and minerals. They are rich in isoflavones, which exhibit numerous health benefits, and have been studied as alternative therapies for a range of hormone-dependent conditions, such as cancer, menopausal symptoms, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. Despite numerous reports being published to date regarding the occurrence of isoflavones in soybean sprouts, the publications in this field are highly dispersed, and a review has not yet been published. This review aims to (1) highlight the particular isoflavones that have been detected in soybean sprouts and their concentrations, (2) compared the effects of temperature, light, cooking and soybean cultivar affect the isoflavone levels on the different parts of the sprout, and (3) discuss the efficacy of the methods to enhance isoflavone contents. This review will provide a better understanding of the current state of this field of research by comparing the general trends and the different treatments for soybean sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yun-Jiao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gui-Yang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin-Chi Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | | | - Feng-Quan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Pedro Laborda
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Tsurumoto T, Fujikawa Y, Onoda Y, Ochi Y, Ohta D, Okazawa A. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that narrowband 280 and 310 nm UV-B induce distinctive responses in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4319. [PMID: 35279697 PMCID: PMC8918342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn plants, the UV-B photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 (UVR8) perceives UV-B and induces UV-B responses. UVR8 absorbs a range of UV-B (260–335 nm). However, the responsiveness of plants to each UV-B wavelength has not been intensively studied so far. Here, we performed transcriptome and metabolome analyses of Arabidopsis using UV light emitting diodes (LEDs) with peak wavelengths of 280 and 310 nm to investigate the differences in the wavelength-specific UV-B responses. Irradiation with both UV-LEDs induced gene expression of the transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), which has a central role in the UVR8 signaling pathway. However, the overall transcriptomic and metabolic responses to 280 and 310 nm UV-LED irradiation were different. Most of the known UV-B-responsive genes, such as defense-related genes, responded only to 280 nm UV-LED irradiation. Lipids, polyamines and organic acids were the metabolites most affected by 280 nm UV-LED irradiation, whereas the effect of 310 nm UV-LED irradiation on the metabolome was considerably less. Enzymatic genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway upstream in anthocyanin biosynthesis were up-regulated only by 280 nm UV-LED irradiation. These results revealed that the responsivenesses of Arabidopsis to 280 and 310 nm UV-B were significantly different, suggesting that UV-B signaling is mediated by more complex pathways than the current model.
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Zhong Z, Wang X, Yin X, Tian J, Komatsu S. Morphophysiological and Proteomic Responses on Plants of Irradiation with Electromagnetic Waves. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12239. [PMID: 34830127 PMCID: PMC8618018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic energy is the backbone of wireless communication systems, and its progressive use has resulted in impacts on a wide range of biological systems. The consequences of electromagnetic energy absorption on plants are insufficiently addressed. In the agricultural area, electromagnetic-wave irradiation has been used to develop crop varieties, manage insect pests, monitor fertilizer efficiency, and preserve agricultural produce. According to different frequencies and wavelengths, electromagnetic waves are typically divided into eight spectral bands, including audio waves, radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. In this review, among these electromagnetic waves, effects of millimeter waves, ultraviolet, and gamma rays on plants are outlined, and their response mechanisms in plants through proteomic approaches are summarized. Furthermore, remarkable advancements of irradiating plants with electromagnetic waves, especially ultraviolet, are addressed, which shed light on future research in the electromagnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoheng Zhong
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Z.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Xiaojian Yin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China;
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Z.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
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Chu C, Yan N, Du Y, Liu X, Chu M, Shi J, Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhang Z. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis reveals the accumulation of bioactive compounds in Chinese wild rice (Zizania latifolia) during germination. Food Chem 2019; 289:635-644. [PMID: 30955658 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulate during seed germination, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to elucidate the accumulation of these bioactive compounds in Chinese wild rice during germination. The greatest differences in the phenolic content were at 36-h (G36) and 120-h germination (G120) stages. An iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis revealed 7031 proteins, and a comparison of the G120 and G36 stages revealed 956 upregulated and 188 downregulated proteins. The KEGG analysis revealed significant protein enrichment in the "metabolic pathways", "biosynthesis of secondary metabolites" and "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis". Four phenylalanine ammonia-lyases, one 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, one cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, two cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases, and four glutamate decarboxylases exhibited higher expression at the G120 than at the G36 stage and promoted phenolics and GABA accumulation. This study revealed bioactive compound accumulation in germinating Chinese wild rice, and the finding may help develop functional foods derived from this cereal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yongmei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Meijun Chu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - John Shi
- Guelph Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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