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Intiquilla A, Arazo M, Gamboa A, Caro N, Gotteland M, Palomino-Calderón A, Abugoch L, Tapia C. Nanoemulsions Based on Soluble Chenopodin/Alginate Complex for Colonic Delivery of Quercetin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:658. [PMID: 38929097 PMCID: PMC11200757 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disorder caused by uncontrolled immune activation and the subsequent destruction of the colon tissue. Quercetin (Qt) is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent proposed as an alternative to mitigate IBD. However, its use is limited by its low oral bioavailability. This study aimed to develop nanoemulsions (NEs) based on a soluble chenopodin/alginate (QPA) complex and Tween 80 (T80), intended for the colonic release of Qt, activated by the pH (5.4) and bacteria present in the human colonic microbiota. NEs with different ratios of QPA/Tw80 (F1-F6) were prepared, where F4Qt (60/40) and F5Qt (70/30) showed sizes smaller than 260 nm, PDI < 0.27, and high encapsulation efficiency (>85%). The stability was evaluated under different conditions (time, temperature, pH, and NaCl). The DSC and FTIR analyses indicated hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions between QPA and Qt. F4Qt and F5Qt showed the greater release of Qt in PBS1X and Krebs buffer at pH 5.4 (diseased condition), compared to the release at pH 7.4 (healthy condition) at 8 h of study. In the presence of E. coli and B. thetaiotaomicron, they triggered the more significant release of Qt (ƒ2 < 50) compared to the control (without bacteria). The NEs (without Qt) did not show cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells (cell viability > 80%) and increased the antioxidant capacity of encapsulated Qt. Therefore, these NEs are promising nanocarriers for the delivery of flavonoids to the colon to treat IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Intiquilla
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jirón Puno 1002, Lima 15081, Peru;
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Santiago 8330015, Chile;
| | - Migdalia Arazo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 8330015, Chile;
| | - Alexander Gamboa
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Avenida Ejército 146, Santiago 8370003, Chile;
| | - Nelson Caro
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Avenida Ejército 146, Santiago 8370003, Chile;
| | - Martin Gotteland
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330015, Chile;
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330015, Chile
| | - Alan Palomino-Calderón
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Santiago 8330015, Chile;
| | - Lilian Abugoch
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Santiago 8330015, Chile;
| | - Cristian Tapia
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Santiago 8330015, Chile;
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Oh HJ, Ma Y, Kim J. Human Inhalation Exposure to Aerosol and Health Effect: Aerosol Monitoring and Modelling Regional Deposited Doses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061923. [PMID: 32187987 PMCID: PMC7142517 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since poor air quality affects human health in the short and long term, much research has been performed on indoor and outdoor aerosol exposure; however, there is a lack of specific data on the exposure and health risks of inhalable aerosols that contain bioaerosol in different environments of human life. To investigate the potential exposure to inhalable aerosols (in the monitoring of particulate matter (PM) based on R modeling, variations of PM depend on the ventilation system and bioaerosols based on size distribution) in various environments, the special viability and culturability of bioaerosols and their deposition doses in the respiratory system were evaluated. We conducted exposure assessments on inhalable aerosols in various indoor environments (childcare facilities, schools, commercial buildings, elderly and homes). The fractions of PM (PM10, PM4 and PM2.5) were investigated and, for the bioaerosol, the viability, culturability, inhalation daily dose and the deposited dose of the aerosol in the respiratory system were calculated to evaluate the human health effects. For two years, the distribution of the indoor PM concentration was high in all PM fractions in schools and commercial buildings, and low in the elderly and at homes. For airborne bacteria, the highest concentrations were shown in the childcare facility during the four seasons, while airborne fungi showed high concentrations in the buildings during the spring and summer, which showed significant differences from other investigated environments (between the buildings and elderly and homes: p < 0.05). The viability and culturability for the bioaerosol showed no significant difference in all environments, and the correlation between inhalable PM and bioaerosol obtained from the six-stage impactor showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) between coarse particles (PM10–2.5, the size of stage 2–3) and cultivable airborne bacteria ranged from 0.70 (elderly and homes) to 0.84 (school) during the summer season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ju Oh
- Department of Health & Environmental Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro (yangho-dong), Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39177, Korea;
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence: (H.-J.O.); (J.K.)
| | - Yoohan Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro (yangho-dong), Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39177, Korea;
- Andlinger Center for Energy and Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jongbok Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro (yangho-dong), Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39177, Korea;
- Andlinger Center for Energy and Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Correspondence: (H.-J.O.); (J.K.)
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