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Erem F. Investigation of the effects of corn flour, Spirulina powder, and buffalo yogurt on the quality characteristics of gluten-free muffins. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2024:10820132241248486. [PMID: 38676328 DOI: 10.1177/10820132241248486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the properties of buckwheat flour-based gluten-free muffins formulated by using corn flour (CF), Spirulina powder (SP), and buffalo yogurt (BY) levels as the factors in the Box-Behnken experimental design. The color values, total soluble polyphenol content (TPC), radical scavenging activity (RSA), specific volume, moisture content, and baking loss results were evaluated as the response variables in the design. The buckwheat flour in the control sample was substituted with CF and SP. Cow yogurt was used in the control muffin instead of milk and was substituted with BY at different levels in other samples. Among the response variables, TPC and RSA values were selected for the optimization studies. Decreasing the CF and SP levels in the formulations resulted in observing higher TPC and RSA values. Three optimal formulations were obtained by response surface methodology. Both cow and buffalo yogurt did not change the properties of the muffins adversely compared to milk. Increasing the SP content made the muffins firmer and caused a decrease in the L*, a*, b*, and browning index values of the muffins. However, sensory scores of SP-containing muffins were also satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fundagül Erem
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Türkiye
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Preparation and Characterization of Intracellular and Exopolysaccharides during Cycle Cultivation of Spirulina platensis. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051067. [PMID: 36900580 PMCID: PMC10000700 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dried cell weight (DCW) of Spirulina platensis gradually decreased from 1.52 g/L to 1.18 g/L after five cultivation cycles. Intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) and exopolysaccharide (EPS) content both increased with increased cycle number and duration. IPS content was higher than EPS content. Maximum IPS yield (60.61 mg/g) using thermal high-pressure homogenization was achieved after three homogenization cycles at 60 MPa and an S/I ratio of 1:30. IPS showed a more fibrous, porous, and looser structure, and had a higher glucose content and Mw (272.85 kDa) compared with EPS, which may be indicative of IPS's higher viscosity and water holding capacity. Although both carbohydrates were acidic, EPS had stronger acidity and thermal stability than IPS; this was accompanied by differences in monosaccharide. IPS exhibited the highest DPPH (EC50 = 1.77 mg/mL) and ABTS (EC50 = 0.12 mg/mL) radical scavenging capacity, in line with IPS's higher total phenol content, while simultaneously showing the lowest HO• scavenging and ferrous ion chelating capacities; thus characterizing IPS as a superior antioxidant and EPS as a stronger metal ion chelator.
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Isani G, Ferlizza E, Bertocchi M, Dalmonte T, Menotta S, Fedrizzi G, Andreani G. Iron Content, Iron Speciation and Phycocyanin in Commercial Samples of Arthrospira spp. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213949. [PMID: 36430428 PMCID: PMC9698952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are characterized by high iron content. In this research, we collected ten commercial samples of Arthrospira spp. sold as food supplement to determine iron content and assess whether iron speciation showed variability among samples and changed respect to A. platensis grown in controlled conditions. Particular attention was also paid to phycocyanin, as an iron-binding protein. In six of the ten samples, 14 essential and non-essential trace elements were analysed using ICP-MS. Iron content measured in samples using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) varied from 353 (sample S5) to 1459 (sample S7) µg g-1 dry weight and was in the range of those reported by other authors in commercial supplements. Iron speciation was studied using size exclusion chromatography followed by the analysis of the collected fraction for the determination of iron by AAS and for protein separation using SDS-PAGE. Overlapping chromatographic profiles were obtained for total proteins, phycocyanin and iron, although quantitative differences were evidenced among the samples analysed. In most samples, iron was mainly bound to ligands with high molecular mass; however, in four samples iron was also bound to ligands with low molecular mass. In fractions containing the most relevant iron burden, the principal protein was phycocyanin, confirming its role as an iron-binding protein in commercial samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Isani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - Enea Ferlizza
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Martina Bertocchi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - Thomas Dalmonte
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - Simonetta Menotta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Chemical Department, Via P. Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fedrizzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Chemical Department, Via P. Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Andreani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
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Garg D, Dar RA, Phutela UG. Characterization of novel euryhaline microalgal cultures from Punjab, India for bioactive compounds. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:370. [PMID: 35668133 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae have gained recognition due to the occurrence of nutraceuticals which are sustainable reservoir to substitute the organic chemical-based health supplements. The biomass of microalgae incorporates various functional biomolecules like chlorophyll, carotenoids and phenols that exhibit therapeutic properties and act as nutraceuticals. In spite of the higher production of the microalgal biomass, difference in their biochemical composition, and lack of characterization for nutraceutical properties are the prime hindrance in upscaling these bio-factories. Two euryhaline microalgal strains viz. BGLR8 and BGLR16, isolated from water-logged areas of Punjab, India were screened for biomass production and characterized for the nutraceutical properties using biochemical estimations. Results of the study indicated that BGLR8 retained maximum amount of lipids (86 mg/g), total chlorophyll (29.42 mg/g), carotenoids (28.82 mg/g), phenols (4.46 mg/g), phycocyanin (52 mg/g), astaxanthin (19.27 mg/g) and β-carotene (5.6 mg/g) and anti-oxidant activity (31.73%) as compared to BGLR 16. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) study revealed the presence of 8 therapeutic compounds like Dimethyl (E)-but-2-enedioate, Hexasilacyclododecane, Heptasilacyclotetradecane, Methyl (Z)-pentadec-8-enoate, Methyl octadec-13-enoate, Methyl hexadecanoate, Methyl octadecanoate, Methyl-octadeca-9,12-dienoate in BGLR8. Molecular identification through 18S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed BGLR8 to be a member of genus Coelastrella. (GenBank accession no. MW443083.1). Microalgae can be used as an alternate and feasible source of PUFAs; however, only a few species are employed for PUFA synthesis, necessitating additional in-depth research and the isolation of novel strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Garg
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India.
| | - Rouf Ahmad Dar
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Urmila Gupta Phutela
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
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Mohammadi M, Soltanzadeh M, Ebrahimi AR, Hamishehkar H. Spirulina platensis protein hydrolysates: Techno-functional, nutritional and antioxidant properties. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Maares M, Keil C, Pallasdies L, Schmacht M, Senz M, Nissen J, Kieserling H, Drusch S, Haase H. Zinc availability from zinc-enriched yeast studied with an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 71:126934. [PMID: 35065468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organic zinc sources for the treatment of zinc deficiency or as a supplement to a specific diet are increasingly needed. Zinc-enriched yeast (ZnYeast) biomass is a promising nutritional supplement for this essential micronutrient. However, these products are not yet authorized in the European Union and a clear position from the European Food Safety Authority on the use of ZnYeast as a zinc supplement is pending, demanding more data on its bioavailability. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to produce a ZnYeast based on a Saccharomyces genus (S. pastorianus Rh), characterize its zinc enrichment quota, cellular distribution of zinc, and evaluate its zinc bioavailability after human digestion by comparing it to commonly used inorganic and organic zinc supplements (ZnO, ZnSO4, zinc gluconate, and zinc aspartate). METHOD AND MAIN FINDINGS The zinc-enriched S. pastorianus Rh contained 5.9 ± 1.0 mg zinc/g yeast, which was predominantly localized on the cell surface according to its characterization on the microscale with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). Combined experiments with a human in vitro digestion model and the in vitro intestinal cell model Caco-2 showed that intestinal zinc bioavailability of digested yeast biomass was comparable to the other zinc supplements, apart from ZnO, which was somewhat less bioavailable. Moreover, zinc released from digested ZnYeast was available for biological processes within the enterocytes, leading to mRNA upregulation of metallothionein, a biomarker of intestinal zinc status, and significantly elevated the cellular labile zinc pool. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that ZnYeast represents a suitable nutritional source for organically bound zinc and highlighted optimization strategies for future production of dietary ZnYeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maares
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany; TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany.
| | - Claudia Keil
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luise Pallasdies
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schmacht
- Department Bioprocess Engineering and Applied Microbiology, Research and Teaching Institute for Brewing in Berlin, Seestraße 13, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Senz
- Department Bioprocess Engineering and Applied Microbiology, Research and Teaching Institute for Brewing in Berlin, Seestraße 13, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Nissen
- Technische Universität Berlin, ZE Electron Microscopy, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Kieserling
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Food Technology and Food Material Sciences, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Drusch
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Food Technology and Food Material Sciences, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hajo Haase
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany; TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany.
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Jin SE, Lee SJ, Park CY. Mass-produced Spirulina-mediated altered responses in ARPE-19 and HaCaT cells for biomedical applications. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Silva JPS, Veloso CRR, de Souza Barrozo MA, Vieira LGM. Indirect solar drying of Spirulina platensis and the effect of operating conditions on product quality. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang X, Jin G, Pan K, Zhu B, Li Y. Effects of fluctuating temperature in open raceway ponds on the biomass accumulation and harvest efficiency of Spirulina in large-scale cultivation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:20794-20802. [PMID: 33405132 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is of great significance to select strains with wide adaptability to temperature range for large-scale commercial cultivation of Spirulina. The aim of this study was to comprehend how the strain H-208 grew and whether this strain had any advantages in temperature adaptation compared with local production strain during the large-scale cultivation in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that the strain H-208 could adapt to the new environmental condition quickly, and the daily average biomass dry weight of strain H-208 was 49% and 52% more than that of production strain M-1 in first cycle (20.24 g/m2/day) and second cycle (16.90 g/m2/day) of acclimation experiment, respectively. The growth rate of strain H-208 was 0.055 and 0.066 g/L/day from July 22 to July 25 and from July 26 to July 29, respectively, while the growth rate of strain M-1 was only 0.036 and 0.032 g/L/day, respectively, during the same cultured days in 605-m2 raceway ponds before high temperature. The harvesting efficiency of H-208 and M-1 was 95.1% and 72.1% before high temperature, and that was 95.3% and 52.5% after being stressed by high temperature, respectively. Meanwhile, it was also observed that the filaments of the two strains contracted and their pitches were smaller than that before high temperature stress, especially the strain M-1. In 20-m2 raceway ponds of recovery experiment after high temperature, the percentage of daily average biomass dry weight of strain H-208 was 68% more than that of strain M-1, which demonstrated that strain H-208 could recover and grow rapidly, and its self-regulation ability was superior to that of strain M-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufen Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Guiyong Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Kehou Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Baohua Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
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Liu D, Liberton M, Hendry JI, Aminian-Dehkordi J, Maranas CD, Pakrasi HB. Engineering biology approaches for food and nutrient production by cyanobacteria. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 67:1-6. [PMID: 33129046 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As photoautotrophic organisms, cyanobacteria capture and store solar energy in the form of biomass. Cyanobacterial biomass has been an important component of diet and nutrition in several regions for centuries. Synthetic biology strategies are currently being applied to increase the yield and productivity of cyanobacterial biomass by optimizing solar energy utilization and CO2 fixation rates for carbon storage. Likewise, engineering cyanobacteria as cellular factories to synthesize carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, lipids and fatty acids is providing an attractive way to sustainably produce food and nutrients for human consumption. In this review, we have summarized recent progress in both aspects and prospective trends under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Liu
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Michelle Liberton
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - John I Hendry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Javad Aminian-Dehkordi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Costas D Maranas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Himadri B Pakrasi
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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In vitro screening of antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic activities, and characterization of bioactive substances from freshwater cyanobacteria Oscillatoria sp. SSCM01 and Phormidium sp. SSCM02. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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