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Li Z, Liu J, Fang Y, Chen H, Yang B, Wang Y. An efficient and high-water-content enzymatic esterification method for the synthesis of β-sitosterol conjugated linoleate via a sodium citrate-based three-liquid-phase system. Food Chem 2024; 458:140250. [PMID: 38964114 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Three-liquid-phase systems (TLPSs) are novel interfacial enzymatic reaction systems that have been successfully applied in many valuable reactions. However, these systems are suitable only for hydrolysis reactions and not for more widely used esterification reactions. Surprisingly, our recent research revealed that two water-insoluble substrates (β-sitosterol and conjugated linoleic acid) could be rapidly esterified in this system. The initial rate of the esterification reaction in the TLPS based on sodium citrate was enhanced by approximately 10-fold relative to that in a traditional water/n-hexane system. The special emulsion structure (S/W1/W2 emulsion) formed may be vital because it not only provides a larger reaction interface but also spontaneously generates a middle phase that might regulate water activity to facilitate esterification. Furthermore, the lipase-enriched phase could be reused at least 8 times without significant loss of catalytic efficiency. Therefore, this TLPS is an ideal enzymatic esterification platform for ester synthesis because it is efficient, convenient to use, and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiaqin Liu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yinglin Fang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huayong Chen
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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2
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Zhang T, Xie L, Guo Y, Wang Z, Guo X, Liu R, Jin Q, Chang M, Wang X. 4,4-Dimethylsterols Reduces Fat Accumulation via Inhibiting Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase In Vitro and In Vivo. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0377. [PMID: 38812531 PMCID: PMC11134202 DOI: 10.34133/research.0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
4,4-Dimethylsterols constitute a unique class of phytosterols responsible for regulating endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) functions. However, precise mechanism through which 4,4-dimethylsterols affect fat metabolism and the linkage to the ECS remain unresolved. In this study, we identified that 4,4-dimethylsterols, distinct from 4-demethseterols, act as inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolases (FAAHs) both in vivo and in vitro. Genetic ablation of FAAHs (faah-1) abolishes the effects of 4,4-dimethylsterols on fat accumulation and locomotion behavior in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. We confirmed that dietary intervention with 4,4-dimethylsterols in a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model leads to a significant reduction in body weight (>11.28%) with improved lipid profiles in the liver and adipose tissues and increased fecal triacylglycerol excretion. Untargeted and targeted metabolomics further verified that 4,4-dimethylsterols influence unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and elevate oleoyl ethanolamine levels in the intestine. We propose a potential molecular mechanism in which 4,4-dimethylsterols engage in binding interactions with the catalytic pocket (Ser241) of FAAH-1 protein due to the shielded polarity, arising from the presence of 2 additional methyl groups (CH3). Consequently, 4,4-dimethylsterols represent an unexplored class of beneficial phytosterols that coordinate with FAAH-1 activity to reduce fat accumulation, which offers new insight into intervention strategies for treating diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- College of Food Science and Technology,
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liangliang Xie
- School of Biological and Food Engineering,
Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhangtie Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Food Science,
University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ruijie Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ming Chang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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3
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Angel-López A, Norambuena Á, Arriaza-Echanes C, Terraza CA, Tundidor-Camba A, Coll D, Ortiz PA. Development of Novel Phase-Change Materials Derived from Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol and Aromatic Acyl Chlorides. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3069. [PMID: 37514458 PMCID: PMC10384409 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, novel, organic, solid-liquid phase-change materials (PCMs) derived from methoxy polyethylene glycol (MPEG) and aromatic acyl chlorides (ACs) were prepared through a condensation reaction. The MPEGs were used as phase-change functional chains with different molecular weights (350, 550, 750, 2000, and 5000 g/mol). The aromatic ACs, terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) and isophthaloyl chloride (IPC), were employed as bulky linker cores. Solubility tests demonstrated that this family of PCMs is soluble in protic polar solvents such as H2O and MeOH, and insoluble in nonpolar solvents such as n-hexane. Fourier-ransform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR UATR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, DEPT 135°, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC NMR) were used to confirm the bonding of MPEG chains to ACs. The crystalline morphology of the synthesized materials was examined using polarized optical microscopy (POM), revealing the formation of spherulites with Maltese-cross-extinction patterns. Furthermore, it was confirmed that PCMs with higher molecular weights were crystalline at room temperature and exhibited an increased average spherulite size compared to their precursors. Thermal stability tests conducted through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated decomposition temperatures close to 400 °C for all PCMs. The phase-change properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), revealing that the novel PCMs melted and crystallized between -23.7 and 60.2 °C and -39.9 and 45.9 °C, respectively. Moreover, the heat absorbed and released by the PCMs ranged from 57.9 to 198.8 J/g and 48.6 to 195.6 J/g, respectively. Additionally, the PCMs exhibited thermal stability after undergoing thermal cycles of melting-crystallization, indicating that energy absorption and release occurred at nearly constant temperatures. This study presents a new family of high-performance organic PCMs and demonstrates that the orientation of substituent groups in the phenylene ring influences supercooling, transition temperatures, and thermal energy storage capacity depending on the MPEG molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Angel-López
- Doctorado en Ciencias de Materiales Avanzados, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Ángel Norambuena
- Doctorado en Ciencias de Materiales Avanzados, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
- Instituto de Investigaciones y Control del Ejército de Chile (IDIC), Santiago 8370899, Chile
| | - C Arriaza-Echanes
- Doctorado en Ciencias de Materiales Avanzados, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Claudio A Terraza
- Research Laboratory for Organic Polymers (RLOP), Department of Organic Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820244, Chile
| | - Alain Tundidor-Camba
- Research Laboratory for Organic Polymers (RLOP), Department of Organic Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820244, Chile
| | - Deysma Coll
- Núcleo de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Pablo A Ortiz
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Medio Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
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Continuous production of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl chloride and CFD simulations of single-phase flow in an advanced-flow reactor. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Fan W, Chu W, Tian H, Zhang Z, Feng Y, Gao Z, Cheng B, Ji X, Lai M. Synthesis and pyrolysis of two novel pyrrole ester flavor precursors. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Fan
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Chu
- Technology Center China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Haiying Tian
- Technology Center China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Technology Center China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Feng
- Technology Center China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Ziting Gao
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Miao Lai
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou P. R. China
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6
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Zhang Y, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Zhang P, Liu R, Chang M, Wang X. Microwave‐assisted catalytic synthesis of phytosterol esters. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Zhengzhang Wu
- Jiangsu CoNat Biological Products Co., Ltd Taizhou Jiangsu 225400 China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Jiangsu CoNat Biological Products Co., Ltd Taizhou Jiangsu 225400 China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Ming Chang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
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7
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Liang S, Zhao Q, Wei X, Sun C. Highly efficient synthesis of chlorogenic oleate using acyl chloride method. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Xie L, Zhang T, Karrar E, Zheng L, Xie D, Jin J, Chang M, Wang X, Jin Q. Insights into an α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Profile of 4,4-Dimethylsterols by Multispectral Techniques and Molecular Docking. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15252-15260. [PMID: 34898206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of α-glucosidase activity is closely related to the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, the potential mechanism by which 4,4-dimethylsterols inhibit α-glucosidase has not been elucidated. In this work, the inhibitory activity and mechanism of 4,4-dimethylsterols against α-glucosidase were studied through kinetic analysis, fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and molecular docking. 4,4-Dimethylsterols showed higher inhibition activity against α-glucosidase than acarbose with an IC50 value of 0.71 mg/mL and a noncompetitive inhibition type. They could bind to α-glucosidase through van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds and quench its endofluorescence with a static quenching mechanism. Changes in the secondary structure of α-glucosidase were induced by its binding interaction with 4,4-dimethylsterols. Molecular docking further indicated that a hydrogen bond was generated between OH at the C-3 position of 4,4-dimethylsterols and the α-glucosidase residue Arg-442. This study provides new insights into the potential utilization of 4,4-dimethylsterols as antidiabetic phytochemicals in dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Emad Karrar
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liyou Zheng
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Dan Xie
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ming Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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