1
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Hassan M, Hussain D, Kanwal T, Xiao HM, Ghulam Musharraf S. Methods for detection and quantification of gelatin from different sources. Food Chem 2024; 438:137970. [PMID: 37988934 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin is a water-soluble protein obtained from the collagen of various animal origins (porcine, bovine, fish, donkey, horse, and deer hide) and has diverse applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. Porcine and bovine gelatins are extensively used in food and non-food products; however, their acceptance is limited due to religious prohibitions, whereas fish gelatin is accepted in all religions. In Southeast Asia, especially in China, gelatin obtained from donkey and deer skins is used in medicines. However, both sources suffer from adulteration (mixing different sources of gelatin) due to their limited availability and high cost. Unclear labeling and limited information about actual gelatin sources in gelatin-containing products cause serious concern among societies for halal and fraud authentication of gelatin sources. Therefore, authenticating gelatin sources in gelatin-based products is challenging due to close similarities between the composition differences and degradation of DNA and protein biomarkers in processed gelatin. Thus, different methods have been proposed to identify and quantify different gelatin sources in pharmaceutical and food products. To the best of our knowledge, this systematic and comprehensive review highlights different authentication techniques and their limitations in gelatin detection and quantification in various commercial products. This review also describes halal authentication and adulteration prevention strategies of various gelatin sources, mainly focussing on research gaps, challenges, and future directions in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahjabeen Hassan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Dilshad Hussain
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Tehreem Kanwal
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hua-Ming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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2
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Zhu L, Xu J, Gan R, Xu D, Wang J, Zhou J, Ma H. Exploring peptides from toad venom for source identification by LC-MS/MS using MRM method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 239:115901. [PMID: 38091819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Toad venom is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with various sources and wide-ranging preparations. Previous quality assessment studies primarily concentrated on small molecular compounds like toad dienolactones and indole alkaloids, studies on macromolecular peptides and proteins as quality assessment standards remained at the qualitative stage, lacking the development of practical and convenient quantitative methods. In this study, to explore the peptides from toad venom as a new method for identifying and evaluating its source, a complete scan of the water extract of peptides from toad venom was conducted using HPLC-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (Q-TOF) 5600, leading to the identification of peptides based on mass spectrometry data. Subsequently, HPLC- Quadrupole-Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (Q-Trap) 5500 employing Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode was utilized to quantitatively analyze peptides in various sources of toad venom, followed by Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) to further analyze the data and evaluate the effectiveness. This study highlights the importance of exploring macromolecular substance in natural products research and provides a foundation for further studies on toad venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Junde Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rui Gan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dihui Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hongyue Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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3
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Li J, Wei Y, Huang S, Yan S, Zhao B, Wang X, Sun J, Chen T, Lai Y, Liu R. Hyperglycemia effect of Pinctada martensii hydrolysate in diabetic db/db mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117104. [PMID: 37659759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pinctada martensii (Dunker) and other marine shellfish flesh have been traditionally used in China as folk remedies regulate blood sugar. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the main active constituents and the pharmacological mechanism of Pinctada martensii flesh enzymatic hydrolysate (PMH) against T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hypoglycemic activity of enzymolysis peptides from Pinctada martensii was evaluated by using db/db mice, through the influence of glycemic index, blood lipid and key protein expression of PI3K-Akt pathway. In addition, label-free quantitative proteomics was used to screen the key proteins for Pinctada martensii hydrolysate (PMH) to improve T2DM, and Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to verify the expression difference of differential proteins at protein and mRNA levels between different groups. RESULTS PMH were prepared and characterized. In vivo investigations revealed that the PMH could regulate blood glucose and improve glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance, reduced serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in db/db mice. Western blot results showed that PMH could up-regulate IRS-1, P-PI3K/PI3K and P-Akt/Akt levels in db/db mice. Label-free quantitative proteomic approach was used to analyze the proteome in db/db mouse liver, 231 proteins were reversed significantly (p < 0.05), and these proteins were involved in oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and other pathways. Further screened 15 proteins with FC > 1.2 could be enriched in the retinol metabolic pathway, and the proteins in this pathway were also verified. CONCLUSIONS PMH has hypoglycemic effect and can be used as a potential natural T2DM intervener. The hypoglycemic activity of PMH is related to its regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. The PI3K/AKT pathway and the retinol pathway are considered as another potential pathway for PMH to exert hypoglycemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yuanqing Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Siying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Shenghan Yan
- Zhejiang Haifu Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhoushan, 202450, PR China
| | - Binyuan Zhao
- Zhejiang Haifu Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhoushan, 202450, PR China
| | - Xinzhi Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jipeng Sun
- Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan, 316021, PR China
| | - Tianbao Chen
- Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides International Collaboration Joint Laboratory, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Yueyang Lai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides International Collaboration Joint Laboratory, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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Xia H, Liu X, Cai S, Chen S, Li S, Zhao M, Duan JA, Liu R, Han S. Identification and application of species-specific peptide biomarkers from soft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis) using post-translational modification detection-based peptidomics analysis. Food Chem 2023; 419:135983. [PMID: 37011573 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The soft-shelled turtle is a commercially aquatic species in Asian countries, which serves as an important source of collagen with high nutritional and medicinal value, so it is of great significance to distinguish soft-shelled turtle derived collagen from others or adulterations. In this work, peptidomics analysis based on post-translational modification (PTM) assay was used to discover specific peptide biomarkers of soft-shelled turtle gelatin (STG). In total eight specific sequences and 74 peptides with different PTM types were screened out, and seven peptides with good signal responses and STG specificity were selected and validated as STG-specific peptide biomarkers. These peptide biomarkers could be used for distinguishing STG from other animal gelatins, and applied for ensuring the quality of collagens or gelatins from soft-shelled turtle with authenticity and traceability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Xia
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xun Liu
- Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides International Collaboration Joint Laboratory, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Shuo Cai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shengjun Chen
- Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co. LTD., Jiangyin 214434, PR China
| | - Song Li
- Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co. LTD., Jiangyin 214434, PR China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Shuying Han
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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5
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Xue F, Wang B, Guo DX, Jiao Y, Cui WL, Cheng XL, Wang ZB, Yin X, Ma SC, Lin YQ. Discovery of species-specific peptide markers and development of quality-evaluation strategies for deer horn gelatin using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and a label-free methodology. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464153. [PMID: 37329653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Deer horn gelatin (DHG) is a valuable nutritional dietary supplement. Due to the significant variation in the price of DHG from different sources, it is important to assess its quality and to clarify the species of its raw material. However, due to the similarity in appearance and physicochemical properties, as well as the destruction of genetic material during the manufacturing process, it is difficult to distinguish DHG from gelatin derived from other sources. Furthermore, current methods are unable to evaluate the overall quality of DHG. Using Nano LC-Orbitrap MS and data analysis software, DHG samples from five deer species were analyzed to identify peptide markers specific to alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) and collagen. The peptide markers were validated using HPLC-Triple Quadrupole MS, and strategies for assessing the quality of DHG were developed. Eighteen peptide markers were discovered, comprising peptides with differing specificities. Three strategies for the identification, characteristic mapping, and content determination of DHG were developed. These strategies can be used to assess the quality of deer gelatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xue
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Standard Innovation and Quality Evaluation of TCM, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Generic Technologies of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Gelatin Products, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Bing Wang
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Standard Innovation and Quality Evaluation of TCM, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Generic Technologies of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Gelatin Products, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Dong-Xiao Guo
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Standard Innovation and Quality Evaluation of TCM, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Generic Technologies of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Gelatin Products, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Standard Innovation and Quality Evaluation of TCM, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Generic Technologies of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Gelatin Products, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Wei-Liang Cui
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Standard Innovation and Quality Evaluation of TCM, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Generic Technologies of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Gelatin Products, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Xian-Long Cheng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100000, PR China
| | - Zhi-Bin Wang
- Scientific Research Institute of Beijing Tongrentang Corporation, Beijing 100000, PR China
| | - Xue Yin
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Standard Innovation and Quality Evaluation of TCM, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Generic Technologies of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Gelatin Products, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100000, PR China.
| | - Yong-Qiang Lin
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Standard Innovation and Quality Evaluation of TCM, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Generic Technologies of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Gelatin Products, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, PR China.
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6
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Garcia-Vaquero M, Mirzapour-Kouhdasht A. A review on proteomic and genomic biomarkers for gelatin source authentication: Challenges and future outlook. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16621. [PMID: 37303544 PMCID: PMC10248112 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are compounds that could be detected and used as indicators of normal and/or abnormal functioning of different biological systems, including animal tissues and food matrices. Gelatin products of animal origin, mainly bovine and porcine, are currently under scrutiny mainly due to the specific needs of some sectors of the population related to religious beliefs and their dietary prohibitions, as well as some potential health threats associated with these products. Thus, manufacturers are currently in need of a reliable, convenient, and easy procedure to discern and authenticate the origin of animal-based gelatins (bovine, porcine, chicken, or fish). This work aims to review current advances in the creation of reliable gelatin biomarkers for food authentication purposes based on proteomic and DNA biomarkers that could be applied in the food sector. Overall, the presence of specific proteins and peptides in gelatin can be chemically analysed (i.e., by chromatography, mass spectroscopy, electrophoresis, lateral flow devices, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods have been applied for the detection of nucleic acid substances in gelatin. Altogether, despite the fact that numerous methods are currently being developed for the purpose of detecting gelatin biomarkers, their widespread application is highly dependent on the cost of the equipment and reagents as well as the ease of use of the various methods. Combining different methods and approaches targeting multiple biomarkers may be key for manufacturers to achieve reliable authentication of gelatin's origin.
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7
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Liao J, Gao M, Ding Y, Bi Q, Huang D, Luo X, Yang P, Li Y, Huang Y, Yao C, Zhang J, Wei W, Li Z, Guo DA. Characterization of the natural peptidome of four leeches by integrated proteogenomics and pseudotargeted peptidomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:2795-2807. [PMID: 37133542 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04692-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Animal-derived drugs are an indispensable part of folk medicine worldwide. However, their chemical constituents are poorly approached, which leads to the low level of the quality standard system of animal-derived drugs and further causes a chaotic market. Natural peptides are ubiquitous throughout the organism, especially in animal-derived drugs. Thus, in this study, we used multi-source leeches, including Hirudo nipponica (HN), Whitmania pigra (WP), Whitmania acranulata (WA), and Poecilobdella manillensis (PM), as a model. A strategy integrating proteogenomics and novel pseudotargeted peptidomics was developed to characterize the natural peptide phenotype and screen for signature peptides of four leech species. First, natural peptides were sequenced against an in-house annotated protein database of closely related species constructed from RNA-seq data from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) website, which is an open-sourced public archive resource. Second, a novel pseudotargeted peptidomics integrating peptide ion pair extraction and retention time transfer was established to achieve high coverage and quantitative accuracy of the natural peptides and to screen for signature peptides for species authentication. In all, 2323 natural peptides were identified from four leech species whose databases were poorly annotated. The strategy was shown to significantly improve peptide identification. In addition, 36 of 167 differential peptides screened by pseudotargeted proteomics were identified, and about one-third of them came from the leucine-rich repeat domain (LRR) proteins, which are widely distributed in organisms. Furthermore, six signature peptides were screened with good specificity and stability, and four of them were validated by synthetic standards. Finally, a dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (dMRM) method based on these signature peptides was established and revealed that one-half of the commercial samples and all of the Tongxinluo capsules were derived from WP. All in all, the strategy developed in this study was effective for natural peptide characterization and signature peptide screening, which could also be applied to other animal-derived drugs, especially for modelless species that are less studied in protein database annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Liao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Min Gao
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yelin Ding
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qirui Bi
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dongdong Huang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Luo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Peilei Yang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yun Li
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changliang Yao
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhenwei Li
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - De-An Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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8
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Yang P, Bi Q, Li Y, Liao J, Ding Y, Huang D, Luo X, Huang Y, Yao C, Zhang J, Wei W, Li Z, Meng J, Guo D. Identification of Five Gelatins Based on Marker Peptides from Type I Collagen by Mass Spectrum in Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mode. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5851-5860. [PMID: 37010496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel pseudo-targeted peptidomics strategy, integrating the transition list generated by an in-house software (Pep-MRMer) and the retention time transfer by high-abundance ion-based retention time calibration (HAI-RT-cal), was developed to screen marker peptides of gelatins from five closely related animal species, including porcine, bovine, horse, mule, and donkey. Five marker peptides were screened from the molecular phenotypic differences of type I collagen. Furthermore, a simple and robust 10 min multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method was established and performed well in distinguishing different gelatins, particularly in discerning horse-hide gelatin (HHG) and mule-hide gelatin (MHG) from donkey-hide gelatin (DHG). The market investigation revealed the serious adulteration of DHG. Meantime, the pseudo-targeted peptidomics could be used to screen marker peptides of other gelatin foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilei Yang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qirui Bi
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Li
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmei Liao
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yelin Ding
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Huang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Luo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Huang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Changliang Yao
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Li
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Meng
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Dean Guo
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Han S, Yan Z, Huang X, Cai S, Zhao M, Zheng Y, Liu X, Xu H, Xie Y, Hou R, Duan JA, Liu R. Response boosting-based approach for absolute quantification of gelatin peptides using LC-MS/MS. Food Chem 2022; 390:133111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Xue F, Wang B, Guo DX, Jiao Y, Yin X, Cui WL, Zhou QQ, Yu FR, Lin YQ. Peptide Biomarkers Discovery for Seven Species of Deer Antler Using LC-MS/MS and Label-Free Approach. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154756. [PMID: 35897939 PMCID: PMC9331363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Deer antler is a globally widely used precious natural medicine and the material of deer horn gelatin. However, identification of deer antler species based on traditional approaches are problematic because of their similarity in appearance and physical-chemical properties. In this study, we performed a comprehensive antler peptidome analysis using a label-free approach: nano LC-Orbitrap MS was applied to discover peptide biomarkers in deer adult beta-globin (HBBA), and HPLC-Triple Quadrupole MS was used to verify their specificity. Nineteen peptide biomarkers were found, on which foundation a strategy for antlers and a strategy for antler mixtures such as flakes or powder are provided to identify seven species of deer antler including Eurasian elk (Alces alces), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus viginianus), white-lipped deer (Przewalskium albirostris), fallow deer (Dama dama), sika deer (Cervus nippon), and red deer (Cervus elaphus) simultaneously. It is worth noting that our search found that the HBBA gene of sika deer, red deer, and North American wapiti (Cervus canadensis) in China may have undergone severe genetic drifts.
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