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Mekkawy MH, Abdou FY, Ali MM, Abd-ElRaouf A. A novel approach of using Maca root as a radioprotector in a rat testicular damage model focusing on GRP78/CHOP/Caspase-3 pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 755:109963. [PMID: 38518815 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the effectiveness of ionizing radiation in treating cancer, it can damage healthy tissues in the vicinity. Due to the high radio-sensitivity of testicular tissues, radiation therapy may affect spermatogenesis, which may result in infertility. Hence, in this study testicular damage model is constructed to investigate the mitigation effect of Maca root powder and its potential radioprotective activity through both oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses, besides the apoptotic pathway. METHODS Male albino rats were exposed to 6Gy of whole-body gamma radiation single dose. Maca root powder (1 g/kg b.wt./day, by oral gavage) was administered for a week before irradiation, then d-galactose (300 mg/kg, by oral gavage) and Maca daily for another week. RESULTS Gamma radiation and d-galactose revealed a significant decrease in serum testosterone, sperm count, and motility and higher percentage of the sperm head abnormality, while Maca root treatment maintained all sperm morphology parameters. Maca root treatment demonstrated a notable defense against radiation-induced oxidative stress and ameliorated malonaldehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels, reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the ratio of GSH/GSSG in testis tissues. Exposure to gamma rays and d-galactose displayed a significant elevation in GRP78, CHOP, total caspase-3 as well as active (cleaved) caspase-3 levels, whereas treatment with Maca significantly reduced the ER and apoptotic markers levels. Also, Maca improved the histological changes of the disorganized seminiferous tubules induced by irradiation. CONCLUSION Our findings show for the first time that Maca has a protective effect on male reproductive damage induced by radiotherapy. Maca root reveals anti-apoptotic effect and protection against testicular damage via GRP78/CHOP/caspase-3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai H Mekkawy
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Fatma Y Abdou
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Maha M Ali
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amira Abd-ElRaouf
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
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Ribeiro LAF, Dos Santos IBF, Ferraz CG, de Souza-Neta LC, Silva VR, Santos LDS, Bezerra DP, Soares MBP, Zambotti-Villela L, Colepicolo P, Ferreira AG, Araújo FM, Ribeiro PR. Bioactive compounds from Vellozia pyrantha A.A.Conc: A metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis approach. Fitoterapia 2023; 171:105686. [PMID: 37748714 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of V. pyrantha resin (VpR) and fractions (VpFr1-7 and VpWS) were assessed by LC-MS and NMR. Twenty-eight metabolites were identified, including 16 diterpenoids, seven nor-diterpenoids, one fatty acid, one bis-diterpenoid, one steroid, one flavonoid, and one triterpenoid. The pharmacological potential of VpR, VpFr1-7, and isolated compounds was assessed by determining their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. VpFr4 (IC50 = 205.48 ± 3.37 μg.mL-1) had the highest antioxidant activity, whereas VpFr6 (IC50 = 842.79 ± 10.23 μg.mL-1) had the lowest. The resin was only active against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 62.5 μg.mL-1) and Salmonella choleraesius (MIC and MFC 500 μg.mL-1), but fractions were enriched with antibacterial compounds. V. pyrantha resin and fractions showed great cytotoxic activity against HCT116 (IC50 = 20.08 μg.mL-1), HepG2 (IC50 = 20.50 μg.mL-1), and B16-F10 (12.17 μg.mL-1) cell lines. Multivariate statistical analysis was used as a powerful tool to pinpoint possible metabolites responsible for the observed activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz A F Ribeiro
- Metabolomics Research Group, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Aplicada (PGQA), Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Iago B F Dos Santos
- Metabolomics Research Group, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Caline G Ferraz
- Metabolomics Research Group, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Aplicada (PGQA), Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Lourdes C de Souza-Neta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Aplicada (PGQA), Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel P Bezerra
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pio Colepicolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio G Ferreira
- Laboratório de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Floricéa M Araújo
- Metabolomics Research Group, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Ribeiro
- Metabolomics Research Group, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Aplicada (PGQA), Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
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Song J, Jeong J, Kim EH, Hong YS. A strategy for healthy eating habits of daily fruits revisited: A metabolomics study. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100440. [PMID: 36699116 PMCID: PMC9868340 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Many people peel fruits, commonly persimmon, grape, apple, and peach, before eating as table fruits. Differences of bioactive compounds between peels and pulps of daily fruits are widely known but limited to individual compound because understanding of differences in their global metabolites is lack. We employed 1H NMR-based metabolomics to explore the global metabolite differences between their peels and pulps from the fruits, which included changes of diverse metabolites in persimmon after harvest ripening. Of diverse metabolites observed among the fruits tested, various health-beneficial metabolites were present in the peels rather than the pulps and their classes were dependent on the type of fruit: gallocatechin, epicatechin and epigallocatehin only in persimmon, apple, and peach, respectively; quercetin only in persimmon and apple; kaempferol only in persimmon; chlorogenic acid only in grape and peach; neochlorogenic acid only in apple and peach; p-coumaric acid only in grape; phloridzin and catechin only in apple. These metabolites in the peels of each fruits were strongly correlated with free radical-scavenging activity and delay of carbohydrate digestion. Therefore, intake of whole fruits, rather than removal of their peels, were recommended for potential improvement of healthy lifespan and human wellness. This study highlights the critical role of metabolomic studies in simultaneous determinations of diverse and intrinsic metabolites in different types of fruits and thus providing a strategy for healthy eating habits of daily fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Song
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesik Jeong
- Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Shick Hong
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author.
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Borges RM, Gouveia GJ, das Chagas FO. Advances in Microbial NMR Metabolomics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1439:123-147. [PMID: 37843808 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-41741-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Confidently, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is the most informative technique in analytical chemistry and its use as an analytical platform in metabolomics is well proven. This chapter aims to present NMR as a viable tool for microbial metabolomics discussing its fundamental aspects and applications in metabolomics using some chosen examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Moreira Borges
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gonçalo Jorge Gouveia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Fernanda Oliveira das Chagas
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ferreira SL, Scarminio IS, Veras G, Bezerra MA, da Silva Junior JB. Special issue – XI Brazilian Chemometrics Workshop Preface. Food Chem 2022; 390:133113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Effect of Gelled Emulsions Elaborated with Soybean Oil, Maca ( Lepidium meyenni) Flour, and Chincho ( Tagetes elliptica Sm.) Essential Oil upon Animal Fat Substitution in Beef Burgers. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152198. [PMID: 35892783 PMCID: PMC9332286 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of pork backfat (PB) substitution in a meat burger with a gelled emulsion (GE) elaborated with maca flour, soybean oil, and chincho essential oil (CEO). Lipid profile (gas chromatography—GC), health indices, physicochemical properties (CIELAB color, pH, texture profile—TPA), and cooking and sensory characteristics of meat burgers were analyzed. Five formulations were evaluated: control (BC) (80% beef meat and 20% PB); BSM (10% PB + 10% GE); BSMC0.25 (BSM + 0.25% CEO); BSMC0.5 (BSM + 0.5% CEO), and BSMC1.0 (BSM + 1.0% CEO). GE substitution in meat burgers provided a healthier lipid profile; the amount of SFA was reduced (p < 0.05), while PUFA content was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the use of GE resulted in healthier PUFA/SFA ratios and lower atherogenic and thrombogenic indices. The addition of GE increased moisture content and decreased fat and protein contents. Color parameters (L*, b*, and C*) decreased after cooking. Hardness (p < 0.05), cooking losses, and shrinkage changes decreased with GE addition. Lipid oxidation levels were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by GE substitution. Therefore, the substitution of PB by GE can be considered as an effective strategy to produce healthier meat burgers without negatively affecting their physicochemical and technological properties.
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Nkosi NJ, Shoko T, Manhivi VE, Slabbert RM, Sultanbawa Y, Sivakumar D. Metabolomic and chemometric profiles of ten southern African indigenous fruits. Food Chem 2022; 381:132244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Ibrahim RM, Elmasry GF, Refaey RH, El-Shiekh RA. Lepidium meyenii (Maca) Roots: UPLC-HRMS, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:17339-17357. [PMID: 35647470 PMCID: PMC9134390 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lepidium meyenii or Maca is widely cultivated as a health care food supplement due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. Although there are a few in-depth studies evaluating Maca antihypertensive effects, the correlations between the chemical constituents and bioactivity of the plant have not been studied before. Thus, the roots were extracted using different solvents (aqueous, methanol, 50% methanol, and methylene chloride) and investigated for their antihypertensive and antioxidant activities through several in vitro assays. The methanolic extract exhibited the best renin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 24.79 ± 1.3 ng/mL and 22.02 ± 1.1 ng/mL, respectively, along with the highest antioxidant activity. In total, 120 metabolites from different classes, e.g., alkylamides, alkaloids, glucosinolates, organic acids, and hydantoin derivatives, were identified in the methanolic extract using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC/HRMS). Molecular docking simulations were used to investigate the potential binding modes and the intermolecular interactions of the identified compounds with ACE and renin active sites. Glucotropaeolin, β-carboline alkaloids, succinic acid, and 2,4-dihydroxy-3,5-cyclopentyl dienoic acid showed the highest affinity to target the ACE with high docking scores (S ranging from -35.32 to -22.51 kcal mol-1) compared to lisinopril (S = -36.64 kcal mol-1). Interestingly, macamides displayed the greatest binding affinity to the active site of renin with docking scores (S ranging from -22.47 to -28.25 kcal mol-1). Further, β-carbolines achieved docking scores comparable to that of the native ligand (S ranging from -13.50 to -20.06 kcal mol-1). Molecular dynamics simulations and MMPBSA were also carried out and confirmed the docking results. Additionally, the computational ADMET study predicted that the compounds attaining promising docking results had proper pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness characteristics, and safe toxicological profiles. Ultimately, our findings revealed that Maca roots could be considered a promising candidate as an antihypertensive drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M. Ibrahim
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada F. Elmasry
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana H. Refaey
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University of Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Riham A. El-Shiekh
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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Phahlane CJ, Laurie SM, Shoko T, Manhivi VE, Sivakumar D. Comparison of Caffeoylquinic Acids and Functional Properties of Domestic Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Storage Roots with Established Overseas Varieties. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091329. [PMID: 35564053 PMCID: PMC9104689 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Root samples of sweet potato varieties originating from South Africa (‘Ndou’, ‘Bophelo’, ‘Monate’, and ‘Blesbok’), the USA (‘Beauregard’), and Peru (‘199062.1′) were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/QTOF/MS) and chemometrics to characterize and compare the locally developed varieties with well-known established overseas varieties. The highest total phenol content was detected in ‘Bophelo’, followed by ‘Beauregard’ and Peruvian variety ‘199062.1’. The Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) model classified the storage roots of six sweet potato varieties into two clusters. In the OPLS-DA scatter plot, one cluster, which included Peruvian variety ‘199062.1’, was separated from the others. L-tryptophan and 3-caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) showed variable importance in projection (VIP) scores greater than 1.5. Based on the OPLS-DA-S-plot, L-tryptophan separated the other varieties from Peruvian variety ‘199062.1’. Peruvian variety ‘199062.1’ contained higher concentrations of CQA (1,3-diCQA, 1,4-diCQA, 3,5-diCQA, 4,5-diCQA, 3-CQA, and 5-CQA) and 5-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin 7-glucoside than other varieties. Among all sweet potato varieties analyzed, Peruvian variety ‘199062.1′ showed the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free radical scavenging activity, and [2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)] scavenging activity. Among the local sweet potato varieties, ‘Bophelo’ has the greatest potential for commercialization as it is the richest source of CQA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine J. Phahlane
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (C.J.P.); (T.S.); (V.E.M.)
| | - Sunette M. Laurie
- Agricultural Research Council-Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants (ARC-VIMP), Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Tinotenda Shoko
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (C.J.P.); (T.S.); (V.E.M.)
| | - Vimbainashe E. Manhivi
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (C.J.P.); (T.S.); (V.E.M.)
| | - Dharini Sivakumar
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (C.J.P.); (T.S.); (V.E.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang C, Zhang J, Lv J, Li J, Gao Y, Patience BE, Niu T, Yu J, Xie J. Effect of Methyl Jasmonate Treatment on Primary and Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Capacity of the Substrate and Hydroponically Grown Chinese Chives. Front Nutr 2022; 9:859035. [PMID: 35449536 PMCID: PMC9016137 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.859035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroponic culture has become a commercial planting model for leafy vegetables, herbs, and other plants with medicinal value. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is involved in primary and secondary plant metabolism; moreover, it regulates plant bioactive compounds and enhances the nutritional and medicinal value of plants. We performed targeted metabolomic analysis of the primary and secondary metabolites in substrate-grown and hydroponic Chinese chive leaves sprayed with MeJA (0, 300, 500, and 800 μM). Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), UPLC tandem mass spectrometry, and chemometric tools, and analyzed the antioxidant activity of these plants. We identified the biomarkers of amino acids (serine, proline, lysine, and arginine) and phenolic compounds (4-coumaric acid and protocatechuic acid) using chemometric tools to distinguish between substrate-grown and hydroponic Chinese chives treated with MeJA. MeJA (500 μM) treatment significantly increased the total sugar and amino acid (essential and non-essential amino acids and sulfur-containing amino acids) contents of hydroponically grown Chinese chives. However, the changes in total sugar and amino acid contents in Chinese chive grown in substrates showed the opposite trend. The organic acid content of hydroponically grown Chinese chives treated with MeJA decreased significantly, whereas that of substrate-grown plants treated with 300 μM MeJA increased significantly. Further, MeJA treatment significantly increased the phenolic content of substrate-grown Chinese chives. Treatment with 800 μM MeJA significantly increased the carotenoid content of substrate-grown Chinese chives and the phenolic content of hydroponic Chinese chives. In addition, the 500 μM MeJA treatment significantly increased the antioxidant activity of Chinese chives in both substrate-grown and hydroponic cultures, and promoted the accumulation of nutrients and bioactive substances. This treatment also improved the flavor quality of these plants and their nutritional and medicinal value. Thus, the results suggested that MeJA-treated plants could be used as value-added horticultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanqiang Gao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Tianhang Niu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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A Comparison of Bioactive Metabolites, Antinutrients, and Bioactivities of African Pumpkin Leaves ( Momordica balsamina L.) Cooked by Different Culinary Techniques. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061901. [PMID: 35335263 PMCID: PMC8951283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prior to consumption, African pumpkin leaves (Momordica balsamina L.) are generally cooked. In this study, the effects of common household cooking methods (boiling, steaming, microwaving, stir-frying) on bioactive metabolites, carotenoids, antioxidant activity, antinutrients and inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities were examined. A set of 14 bioactive metabolites were identified in raw and cooked African leaves using UPLC-QTOF/MS. The results showed that the four different types of household cooking methods had different effects on the bioactive metabolomics profile of African pumpkin leaves. In comparison to raw leaves and leaves cooked in other methods, the concentrations of six phenolic compounds, rutin, cryptochlorogenic acid (4-caffeoylquinic acid), pseudolaroside A, isorhamnetin 3-O-robinoside, quercetin 3-galactoside, and trans-4-feruloylquinic acid, were highest in stir-fried leaves. Of all household cooking methods tested, stir-frying increased the content of lutein, β-carotene, and zeaxanthin by 60.00%, 146.15%, and 123.51%, respectively. Moreover, stir-frying African pumpkin leaves increased the antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) and the inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Compared to all four methods of household cooking, stir-frying reduced the antinutritive compounds compared to raw leaves. This work provides useful information to the consumers on the selection of suitable cooking methods for African pumpkin leaves.
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Phahlane CJ, Laurie SM, Shoko T, Manhivi VE, Sivakumar D. An Evaluation of Phenolic Compounds, Carotenoids, and Antioxidant Properties in Leaves of South African Cultivars, Peruvian 199062.1 and USA's Beauregard. Front Nutr 2021; 8:773550. [PMID: 34901120 PMCID: PMC8662696 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.773550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, leaves of sweet potato cultivars from South Africa (“Ndou,” “Bophelo,” “Monate,” and “Blesbok”), “Beauregard,” a sweet potato cultivar from the USA, and a Peruvian cultivar “199062. 1” were analyzed using UPLC/QTOF/MS and chemometrics, with the aim of characterizing the locally developed sweet potato cultivars and comparing them with already well-known established varieties on the market. A set of 13 phenolic compounds was identified. A partial least squares discriminant analysis, a hierarchical cluster analysis, and variables importance in projection were used to successfully distinguish sweet potato varieties based on their distinct metabolites. Caffeic acid enabled to distinguish Cluster 1 leaves of varieties (“Beauregard” and “Ndou”) from Cluster 2 (“199062.1,” “Bophelo,” “Monate,” and “Blesbok”). The leaves of “Bophelo” contained the highest concentrations of rutin, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, 3-caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA), (5-CQA), 1,3 dicaffeoylquinic acid (1,3-diCQA), 1,4-diCQA, and 3,5-diCQA. Furthermore, Bophelo leaves showed the highest antioxidant activities (FRAP 19.69 mM TEACg−1 and IC50 values of (3.51 and 3.43 mg ml−1) for DPPH and ABTS, respectively, compared to the other varieties. Leaves of “Blesbok” contained the highest levels of β-carotene (10.27 mg kg−1) and zeaxanthin (5.02 mg kg−1) on a dry weight basis compared to all other varieties. This study demonstrated that the leaves of local cultivars “Bophelo” and “Blesbok” have the potential to become functional ingredients for food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine J Phahlane
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.,Agricultural Research Council-Vegetable, Industrial and Medicinal Plants (ARC-VIMP), Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sunette M Laurie
- Agricultural Research Council-Vegetable, Industrial and Medicinal Plants (ARC-VIMP), Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tinotenda Shoko
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Vimbainashe E Manhivi
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Dharini Sivakumar
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
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Mashiane P, Manhivi VE, Shoko T, Slabbert RM, Sultanbawa Y, Sivakumar D. Cooking African Pumpkin Leaves ( Momordicabalsamina L.) by Stir-Frying Improved Bioactivity and Bioaccessibility of Metabolites-Metabolomic and Chemometric Approaches. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112890. [PMID: 34829171 PMCID: PMC8621757 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The leaves of African pumpkins (Momordica balsamina L.) are a commonly consumed traditional vegetable. They are a good source of polyphenolic antioxidants and carotenoids, which are, however, affected by cooking or digestion. We investigated the effect of household cooking methods (stir-frying or boiling) on the changes in bioactive metabolites, antioxidant capacity, release and accessibility of β-carotene and also inhibition of inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes during in vitro digestion of African pumpkin leaves compared to the raw leaves. Compared to boiled or raw leaves, stir-frying improved the availability of bioactive metabolites at the gastrointestinal phase. Quercetin 3-galactoside and rhamnetin 3-O-glucoside (marker compounds) discriminated the stir-fried leaves from raw leaves and boiled leaves after digestion. Stir-frying improved the release and accessibility of β-carotene and enhanced the antioxidant activities compared to boiling. Dialysable fractions of stir-fried leaves exhibited the greatest inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes compared to the raw and boiled leaves, as well as acarbose. Stir-frying, therefore, is recommended for use in household cooking to benefit consumers by increasing the intake of phenolics and β-carotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petunia Mashiane
- Department of Horticulture, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (P.M.); (R.M.S.)
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (V.E.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Vimbainashe E. Manhivi
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (V.E.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Tinotenda Shoko
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (V.E.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Retha M. Slabbert
- Department of Horticulture, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (P.M.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- Agricultural Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Dharini Sivakumar
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (V.E.M.); (T.S.)
- Agricultural Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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