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Ryu JS, Park B, van Peer AF, Na KS, Lee SH. Quantitative trait loci analysis for molecular markers linked to agricultural traits of Pleurotus ostreatus. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308832. [PMID: 39133731 PMCID: PMC11318876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus is a global mushroom crop with nutritional and medicinal benefits. However, the genetic basis of several commercial traits remains unknown. To address this, we analyzed the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for two representative cultivars, "Heuktari" and "Miso," with apparently distinct alleles. A genetic map with 11 linkage groups was constructed, in which 27 QTLs were assigned to 14 traits. The explained phenotypic variations in QTLs ranged from 7.8% to 22.0%. Relatively high LOD values of 6.190 and 5.485 were estimated for the pinheading period and the number of valid stipes, respectively. Some QTL-derived molecular markers showed potential enhancement rates of selection precision in inbred lines, especially for cap shape (50%) and cap thickness (30%). Candidate genes were inferred from the QTL regions and validated using qRT-PCR, particularly for the cysteine and glutathione pathway, in relation to cap yellowness. The molecular markers in this study are expected to facilitate the breeding of the Heuktari and Miso lines and provide probes to identify related genes in P. ostreatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-San Ryu
- Department of Mushroom Science, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Bokyung Park
- Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Arend F. van Peer
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kyeong Sook Na
- Department of Mushroom Science, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Song Hee Lee
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Wang Q, Zhao M, Wang Y, Xie Z, Zhao S, You S, Chen Q, Zhang W, Qin Y, Zhang G. Microbial Inoculation during the Short-Term Composting Process Enhances the Nutritional and Functional Properties of Oyster Mushrooms ( Pleurotus ostreatus). Life (Basel) 2024; 14:201. [PMID: 38398710 PMCID: PMC10890702 DOI: 10.3390/life14020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, short-term composting techniques have been widely applied in oyster mushroom cultivation, but there is still a lack of systematic research on their impact on the nutritional and functional properties of fruiting bodies. In this study, the microbial inoculant Streptomyces thermoviolaceus BUA-FM01 (ST) was applied in the short-term composting process for oyster mushroom cultivation. The agronomic traits, nutritional composition, flavor compounds, and antioxidant activity of fruiting bodies from the first three flushes were evaluated. The results show that microbial inoculation significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the total carbon content and C/N ratio of the composted substrates and, furthermore, increased the total yield of the fruiting bodies. Moreover, microbial inoculation significantly (p < 0.05) increased the crude protein, crude polysaccharide, total amino acid, and essential amino acid contents of the fruiting bodies. The fruiting bodies of the first flush of ST treatment possessed the highest umami amino acid content and equivalent umami concentration value. Furthermore, microbial inoculation significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the scavenging ability of crude polysaccharides toward free radicals. The results indicate that microbial inoculation has many benefits for the composting cultivating process of oyster mushrooms and good application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Wang
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Q.W.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (Q.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Minrui Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (Q.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yiyang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Q.W.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (Q.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Zhenfei Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (Q.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Shunyin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (Q.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Shuning You
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (Q.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Qingjun Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (Q.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (Q.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yong Qin
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Q.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (Q.C.); (W.Z.)
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3
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Medihi NI, Haiyee ZA, Patmawati, Sukor R, Raseetha S. Exploring the Functional Properties and Nutritional Values of Colored Oyster Mushrooms Species (Pleurotus, Agaricomycetes): A Review. Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:25-38. [PMID: 38808753 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Colored oyster mushrooms species of genus Pleurotus are a variety of edible mushrooms that attract a lot of interest among the consumers and scientists due to its scientific evidence that they have promising health benefits. However, information on their characteristics and properties is still scarce. Consequently, it is important to determine the potential health benefits of the mushrooms. This review paper presents an overview of functional properties and nutritional values of colored oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.). It particularly discusses the types of pigments present in Pleurotus spp., their characteristics, and potential nutritional values. Pigments such as melanin, carotenoids, and flavonoids are reported to be present in colored oyster mushrooms. Moreover, the antioxidant compounds of these mushrooms have been unveiled, demonstrating their potential to counteract oxidative stress and improve general health. In addition, the investigation into the nutritional characteristics of the mushrooms reveals encouraging aspects for their incorporation into dietary considerations. Thus, it can be concluded that colored Pleurotus species have an immense amount of potential for use as natural colorants, as well as nutritious and antioxidant-rich compounds. These mushrooms represent an important advancement in the search for functional foods due to their significant nutrients such as proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, and fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Izzati Medihi
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Patmawati
- Fisheries Product Technology, Department of Marine, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Rashidah Sukor
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siva Raseetha
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Science, Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Arslan NP, Dawar P, Albayrak S, Doymus M, Azad F, Esim N, Taskin M. Fungi-derived natural antioxidants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-24. [PMID: 38156661 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2298770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In humans, exogenous antioxidants aid the endogenous antioxidant system to detoxify excess ROS generated during oxidative stress, thereby protecting the body against various diseases and stressful conditions. The majority of natural antioxidants available on the consumer market are plant-based; however, fungi are being recognized as alternative sources of various natural antioxidants such as polysaccharides, pigments, peptides, sterols, phenolics, alkaloids, and flavonoids. In addition, some exogenous antioxidants are exclusively found in fungi. Fungi-derived antioxidants exhibit scavenging activities against DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide radicals in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo models, application of fungal-derived antioxidants increase the level of various antioxidant enzymes, such as catalases, superoxide dismutases, and glutathione peroxidases, and reduce the level of malondialdehyde. Therefore, fungi-derived antioxidants have potential to be used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. This review summarizes the antioxidant potential of different fungi (mushrooms, yeasts, and molds)-derived natural compounds such as polysaccharides, pigments, peptides, ergothioneine, ergosterol, phenolics, alkaloids, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pranav Dawar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Seyda Albayrak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Meryem Doymus
- Vocational School of Health Services of Hinis, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fakhrul Azad
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nevzat Esim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Art Faculty, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Mesut Taskin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Qiu Z, Wang S, Zhao J, Cui L, Wang X, Cai N, Li H, Ren S, Li T, Shu L. Synthesis and structural characteristics analysis of melanin pigments induced by blue light in Morchella sextelata. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1276457. [PMID: 37840742 PMCID: PMC10573313 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1276457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Morchella sextelata, a highly sought-after edible mushroom worldwide, is evaluated based on its cap color as an essential commercial property indicator. In the present study, the effects of blue light on cap pigmentation in M. sextelata, as well as the synthesis and structural characteristics of melanin pigments within the cap were examined. The results showed that an increase in the proportion of blue light within the lighting environment promoted melanin synthesis and melanization of the cap. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed the localization of melanin within the mycelium and its ultrastructural characteristics. The UV-visible analysis demonstrated that melanin exhibited a maximum absorption peak at 220 nm and possessed high alkaline solubility as well as acid precipitability. The structural characteristics of melanin were analyzed using FTIR, NMR, HPLC, and elemental analysis, which confirmed the presence of eumelanin, pheomelanin, and allomelanin in both brown and black caps. Furthermore, blue light can stimulate the synthesis of both eumelanin and pheomelanin. The obtained results can serve as the foundation for comprehending the mechanism by which light regulates color formation in mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Qiu
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiazhi Zhao
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingxiu Cui
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Nuo Cai
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuhua Ren
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Lili Shu
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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6
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Hou L, Yan K, Dong S, Guo L, Liu J, Wang S, Chang M, Meng J. Transcriptome Analysis Revealed That Hydrogen Peroxide-Regulated Oxidative Phosphorylation Plays an Important Role in the Formation of Pleurotus ostreatus Cap Color. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:823. [PMID: 37623594 PMCID: PMC10455351 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus is widely cultivated in China. H2O2, as a signaling molecule, can regulate the formation of cap color, but its regulatory pathway is still unclear, severely inhibiting the breeding of dark-colored strains. In this study, 614 DEGs specifically regulated by H2O2 were identified by RNA-seq analysis. GO-enrichment analysis shows that DEGs can be significantly enriched in multiple pathways related to ATP synthesis, mainly including proton-transporting ATP synthesis complex, coupling factor F(o), ATP biosynthetic process, nucleoside triphosphate metabolic processes, ATP metabolic process, purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic and metabolic processes, and purine ribonuclease triphosphate biosynthetic metabolic processes. Further KEGG analysis revealed that 23 DEGs were involved in cap color formation through the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. They were enriched in Complexes I, III, IV, and V in the respiratory chain. Further addition of exogenous uncoupling agents and ATP synthase inhibitors clarifies the important role of ATP synthesis in color formation. In summary, H2O2 may upregulate the expression of complex-encoding genes in the respiratory chain and promote ATP synthesis, thereby affecting the formation of cap color. The results of this study lay the foundation for the breeding of dark-colored strains of P. ostreatus and provide a basis for the color-formation mechanism of edible fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludan Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (L.H.); (K.Y.); (S.D.); (L.G.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Kexing Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (L.H.); (K.Y.); (S.D.); (L.G.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Shuai Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (L.H.); (K.Y.); (S.D.); (L.G.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Lifeng Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (L.H.); (K.Y.); (S.D.); (L.G.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Jingyu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (L.H.); (K.Y.); (S.D.); (L.G.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Shurong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (L.H.); (K.Y.); (S.D.); (L.G.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
- Shanxi Research Center for Engineering Technology of Edible Fungi, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Mingchang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (L.H.); (K.Y.); (S.D.); (L.G.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
- Shanxi Research Center for Engineering Technology of Edible Fungi, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Junlong Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (L.H.); (K.Y.); (S.D.); (L.G.); (J.L.); (S.W.)
- Shanxi Research Center for Engineering Technology of Edible Fungi, Taigu 030801, China
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Tong C, Luo J, Xie C, Wei J, Pan G, Zhou Z, Li C. Characterization and Biological Activities of Melanin from the Medicinal Fungi Ophiocordyceps sinensis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10282. [PMID: 37373428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanin is a complex natural pigment that is widely present in fungi. The mushroom Ophiocordyceps sinensis has a variety of pharmacological effects. The active substances of O. sinensis have been extensively studied, but few studies have focused on the O. sinensis melanin. In this study, the production of melanin was increased by adding light or oxidative stress, namely, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS), during liquid fermentation. Subsequently, the structure of the purified melanin was characterized using elemental analysis, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and pyrolysis gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS). Studies have shown that O. sinensis melanin is composed of C (50.59), H (6.18), O (33.90), N (8.19), and S (1.20), with maximum absorbance at 237 nm and typical melanin structures such as benzene, indole, and pyrrole. Additionally, the various biological activities of O. sinensis melanin have been discovered; it can chelate heavy metals and shows a strong ultraviolet-blocking ability. Moreover, O. sinensis melanin can reduce the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and counteract the oxidative damage of H2O2 to cells. These results can help us to develop applications of O. sinensis melanin in radiation resistance, heavy metal pollution remediation, and antioxidant use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Chaolu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Islam ATMR, Shinzato K, Miyaoka H, Komaguchi K, Koike K, Arakawa K, Kitamura K, Tanaka N. Isolation and characterization of blackish-brown BY2-melanin accumulated in cultured tobacco BY-2 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:395-410. [PMID: 36592962 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The tobacco BY-2 cell line is one of the most utilized plant cell lines. After long-term culture, the cells turn brown to black, but the causal pigment is unknown. We successfully isolated a blackish-brown pigment from BY-2 cells cultured for 3 weeks. Morphological and spectroscopic analyses indicated that the pigment had similar features to a melanin-like substance reported previously. Furthermore, physicochemical analyses revealed that this pigment possessed most of the properties of melanin-like pigments. In addition, the high nitrogen content suggested that it differed from common plant melanins classified as allomelanins, suggesting a novel eumelanin-like pigment: "BY2-melanin". This is the first example showing that eumelanin-like pigments are produced in the cultures of plant cells for which the accumulation of melanin has not been reported. This tobacco BY-2 cell culture technique may represent a customizable and sustainable alternative to conventional melanin production platforms, with significant potential for industrial and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Taher Mohammed Rafiqul Islam
- Genome Biotechnology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Barishal, Barishal 8254, Bangladesh
| | - Keita Shinzato
- Advanced Materials Division, Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyaoka
- Advanced Materials Division, Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Komaguchi
- Materials Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kanae Koike
- Facility Management Division, Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Arakawa
- Cell Biochemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kitamura
- Genome Biotechnology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Gene Science, Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Tanaka
- Genome Biotechnology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Gene Science, Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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9
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Valdez-Solana MA, Ventura-García EK, Corral-Guerrero IA, Guzmán de Casa A, Avitia-Domínguez C, Téllez-Valencia A, Sierra-Campos E. In Silico Characterization of the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of the Pink ( Pleurotus djamor var. salmoneostramineus) Oyster Mushroom Chromoprotein. Bioinform Biol Insights 2023; 17:11779322231154139. [PMID: 36776961 PMCID: PMC9912552 DOI: 10.1177/11779322231154139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cap color is an important commercial trait for oyster mushrooms. Various pigment constituents determine a diverse color. However, the pigments of oyster mushrooms are still ambiguous. The pink oyster mushroom (Pleurotus salmoneostramineus or Pleurotus djamor) chromoprotein is one of the few proteins belonging to this fungus that has a record of its sequence of amino acid residues. However, even though there are studies about this chromoprotein isolation, purification, and crystallization, the current information focused on its 3-dimensional model and the cofactor and prosthetic group (3H-indol-3-one) binding sites is unreliable and fragmented. Therefore, in this study, using free online servers such as Prot pi, GalaxyWEB, MIB, and CB-Dock2, a structural analysis and the prediction of its physicochemical and biological properties were conducted, to understand the possible function of this chromoprotein. The obtained results showed that this molecule is a protein with a molecular weight of 23 712.5 Da, an isoelectric point of 7.505, with oligomerization capacity in a dimer and glycation in the Ser6 residue. In addition, the participation of the residues Leu5, Leu8, Lys211, Ala214, and Gln215 in the binding of the prosthetic group to the protein was highlighted; as well as Ser6 and Pro7 are important residues for the interaction of the Mg2+ ion and eumelanin. Likewise, morphological changes based on different culture conditions (light/dark) showed that this protein is constitutive expressed and independent of blue light. The findings in this study demonstrate that pink chromoprotein is a melanosomal protein, and it possibly has a critical role in melanogenesis and the melanin polymerization. However, more experimental studies are needed to predict a possible mechanism of action and type of enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica A Valdez-Solana
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas GP,
Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, México
| | - Erica K Ventura-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas GP,
Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, México
| | - Iván A Corral-Guerrero
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas GP,
Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, México
| | - Atahualpa Guzmán de Casa
- Departamento de Biotecnología y
Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato,
México
| | | | | | - Erick Sierra-Campos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas GP,
Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, México,Erick Sierra-Campos, Facultad de Ciencias
Químicas GP, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Artículo 123 S/N
Fracc, Filadelfia, Durango, Gómez Palacio C. P. 35015, México.
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10
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Ma Y, Zhang P, Dai X, Yao X, Zhou S, Ma Q, Liu J, Tian S, Zhu J, Zhang J, Kong X, Bao Y. Extraction, physicochemical properties, and antioxidant activity of natural melanin from Auricularia heimuer fermentation. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1131542. [PMID: 36875843 PMCID: PMC9981798 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1131542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Natural melanin from Auricularia heimuer have numerous beneficial biological properties, which were used as a safe and healthy colorant in several industries. Methods In this study, single-factor experiments, Box-Behnken design (BBD), and response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to investigate the effects of alkali-soluble pH, acid precipitation pH, and microwave time on the extraction yield of Auricularia heimuer melanin (AHM) from fermentation. Ultraviolet-visible spectrum (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to analyze the extracted AHM. The solubility, stability, and antioxidant activities of AHM were also measured. Results The results showed that alkali-soluble pH, acid precipitation pH, and microwave time significantly affected the AHM yield, with the following optimized microwave-assisted extraction conditions: alkali-soluble pH of 12.3, acid precipitation pH of 3.1, and microwave time of 53 min, resulting in an AHM extraction yield of 0.4042%. AHM exhibited a strong absorption at 210 nm, similar to melanin from other sources. FT-IR spectroscopy also revealed that AHM exhibited the three characteristic absorption peaks of natural melanin. The HPLC chromatogram profile of AHM showed a single symmetrical elution peak with a 2.435 min retention time. AHM was highly soluble in alkali solution, insoluble in distilled water and organic solvents, and demonstrated strong DPPH, OH, and ABTS free radical scavenging activities. Discussion This study provides technical support to optimize AHM extraction for use in the medical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinpeng Ma
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Piqi Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaodong Dai
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuge Yao
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shuyang Zhou
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qingfang Ma
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Tian
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jianan Zhu
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jiechi Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yihong Bao
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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11
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Qiu Z, Gao Y, Wang S, Wang J, Wang X, Cai N, Zhao J, Li T, Li H, Li T, Shu L. Mechanism Underlying Light Intensity-Induced Melanin Synthesis of Auricularia heimuer Revealed by Transcriptome Analysis. Cells 2022; 12:56. [PMID: 36611851 PMCID: PMC9818193 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Auricularia heimuer is a traditional edible and medicinal mushroom, which is widely used in biochemical research and is regarded as a good dietary supplement. The color of the ear-like fruiting body is an important indicator of its commercial quality. However, the mechanism by which light intensity influences the melanin synthesis of A. heimuer remains unclear. Here, we show that fruiting body color is significantly affected by light intensity. Transcriptional profiles of the fruiting bodies of A. heimuer grown in different light intensities were further analyzed. More differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with a greater light intensity difference. A total of 1388 DEGs were identified from six comparisons, including 503 up-regulated genes and 885 down-regulated genes. The up-regulated genes were mainly associated with light sensing via photoreceptors, signal transduction via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and melanin synthesis via the tyrosine metabolic pathway. Therefore, the genes involved in these processes may participate in regulating melanin synthesis under high light intensity. This insight into the transcriptional regulation of A. heimuer to light intensity should help to further comprehensively elucidate the underlying mechanism of light-induced melanin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanliang Gao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Nuo Cai
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jiazhi Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tingshu Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lili Shu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
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12
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Process optimization, structural characterization, and antioxidant activities of black pigment extracted from Enshi selenium-enriched Sesamum indicum L. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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