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Zhou D, Wang X, Zou J, Song J, Su P, Yang Y, Wu L. Determination of [Glu 1]-fibrinopeptide B purity by gas chromatography - isotope dilution mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1741-1747. [PMID: 38372017 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The present work assessed the purity of [Glu1]-fibrinopeptide B (GFB) as a model peptide using gas chromatography - isotope dilution mass spectrometry. GFB and various isotope-labeled amino acids were hydrolyzed in HCl and then derivatized using optimized procedures. The primary impurity in GFB was also identified and used to correct the final result. A method repeatability of 0.5% was achieved and linear calibrations were obtained for five amino acids. The LOD and LOQ were 0.041 to 0.096 μg g-1, and 0.16 to 0.56 μg g-1, respectively. The purity of GFB was found to be (0.715 ± 0.012) g g-1. This technique exhibited comparable accuracy to that obtainable from liquid chromatography - isotope dilution mass spectrometry but at lower cost. This method could be employed as a reference technique or in fields such as clinical diagnostics or bio-pharmaceutical peptide purity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhou
- National Institute of Metrology, P.R. China, No. 18, North Third Ring East Road, Beijing, China.
| | - Xianxia Wang
- National Institute of Metrology, P.R. China, No. 18, North Third Ring East Road, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Zou
- China Quality Certification Centre, Building 3, Zone 9, No. 188, South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiayi Song
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Su
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Liqing Wu
- National Institute of Metrology, P.R. China, No. 18, North Third Ring East Road, Beijing, China.
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Zhu M, Li J, Chu Z, Li L, Meng B, Zhao Y, Gong X, Qu Z, Mi W, Jiang Y, Wu L, Dai X, Fang X, Zhai R. Development of cancer biomarker heat shock protein 90α certified reference material using two different isotope dilution mass spectrometry techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:913-923. [PMID: 38117323 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) has been regarded as an important indicator for judging tumor metastasis and prognosis due to its significant upregulation in various tumors. Therefore, the accurate quantification of HSP90α is of great significance for clinical diagnosis and therapy of cancers. However, the lack of HSP90α certified reference material (CRM) leads to the accuracy and consistency of quantification methods not being effectively evaluated. Besides, quantitative results without traceability make comparisons between different studies difficult. In this study, an HSP90α solution CRM was developed from the recombinant protein raw material. The recombinant protein is a dimer, and the purity of the CRM candidate reached 96.71%. Both amino acid analysis-isotope dilution mass spectrometry (AAA-IDMS) and unique peptide analysis-isotope dilution mass spectrometry (UPA-IDMS) were performed to measure the content of HSP90α in the solution CRM candidate, and the certified value was assessed to be 66.2 ± 8.8 µg/g. Good homogeneity of the CRM was identified, and the stability examination suggested that the CRM was stable for at least 4 months at - 80 °C and for 7 days at 4 °C. With traceability to SI unit (kg), this CRM has potential to help establish a metrological traceability chain for quantification of HSP90α, which will make the quantification results standardized and comparable regardless of the quantitative methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Zhu
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Beijing Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanying Chu
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Li
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Meng
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Gong
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Qu
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Mi
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - You Jiang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqing Wu
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhai
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Mi W, Zhang X, Tian X, Sun R, Ma S, Hu Z, Dai X. Development of a potential primary method for protein quantification via electrospray differential mobility analysis. Talanta 2024; 266:124797. [PMID: 37541009 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Accurate protein quantification is the basis for establishing the metrological traceability of in vitro diagnostics or drug products. In this study, we established and validated a potential primary method for protein quantification based on electrospray-differential mobility analysis coupled with a condensation particle counter (ES-DMA-CPC). The analytical performance of this method was assessed using the certified reference material NIMCmAb, and the uncertainty of measurement was evaluated. The method was applied to the quantification of three other protein reference materials and one highly purified protein, including myoglobin, bovine serum albumin, IgG monoclonal antibody, and one highly purified fibrinogen, with a molecular weight range between 17 kDa and 340 kDa. In addition, when compared with isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and UV‒VIS spectrophotometry approaches, the ES-DMA-CPC method showed good agreement with IDMS method for the quantification of these protein reference materials. Our proposed method provided an accurate quantification of proteins, especially those with large molecular weights. Moreover, our method could be a potential primary method for protein quantification and serve as a complement to IDMS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mi
- National Institute of Metrology, No.18 Beisanhuan Donglu, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- National Institute of Metrology, No.18 Beisanhuan Donglu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiangrong Tian
- College of Biology and Environmental Science, JiShou University, Renming South Road 120, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, China
| | - Ruixue Sun
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Xueyuan Street 258, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shangying Ma
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Xueyuan Street 258, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhishang Hu
- National Institute of Metrology, No.18 Beisanhuan Donglu, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xinhua Dai
- National Institute of Metrology, No.18 Beisanhuan Donglu, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Yao X, Bunt C, Liu M, Quek SY, Shaw J, Cornish J, Wen J. Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Transport of Bovine Lactoferrin Using Pectin- and Chitosan-Modified Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2168. [PMID: 37631382 PMCID: PMC10457979 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this project is to use pectin- and chitosan-modified solid lipid nanoparticles for bovine lactoferrin to enhance its cellular uptake and transport. METHODS Solid lipid particles containing bovine lactoferrin (bLf) were formulated through the solvent evaporation technique, incorporating stearic acid along with either chitosan or pectin modification. bLf cellular uptake and transport were evaluated in vitro using the human adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 cell model. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The bLf-loaded SLPs showed no significant effect on cytotoxicity and did not induce apoptosis within the eight-hour investigation. The use of confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that bLf follows the receptor-mediated endocytosis, whereas the primary mechanism for the cellular uptake of SLPs was endocytosis. The bLf-loaded SLPs had significantly more cellular uptake compared to bLf alone, and it was observed that this impact varied based on the time, temperature, and concentration. Verapamil and EDTA were determined to raise the apparent permeability coefficients (App) of bLf and bLf-loaded SLPs. CONCLUSION This occurred because they hindered efflux by interacting with P-glycoproteins and had a penetration-enhancing influence. These findings propose the possibility of an additional absorption mechanism for SLPs, potentially involving active transportation facilitated by the P-glycoprotein transporter in Caco-2 cells. These results suggest that SLPs have the potential to be applied as effective carriers to improve the oral bioavailability of proteins and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand (M.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Craig Bunt
- Department of Food Science, Otago University, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Mengyang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand (M.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Siew-Young Quek
- Chemical Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - John Shaw
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand (M.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jillian Cornish
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jingyuan Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand (M.L.); (J.S.)
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Liu S, Lu B, Peng Z, Liu C, Liu Y, Jiao H, Wu D, Li P, Zhao X, Song S. HPLC-CAD as a supplementary method for the quantification of related structure impurities for the purity assessment of organic CRMs. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04719-2. [PMID: 37154936 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In organic purity assessment, chromatography separation with a suitable detector is required. Diode array detection (DAD) has been a widely used technique for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses, but its application is limited to compounds with sufficient UV chromophores. Charged aerosol detector (CAD), as a mass-dependent detector, is advantageous for providing a nearly uniform response for analytes, regardless of their structures. In this study, 11 non-volatile compounds with/without UV chromophores were analyzed by CAD using continuous direct injection mode. The RSDs of CAD responses were within 17%. For saccharides and bisphenols, especially, the RSDs were lower (2.12% and 8.14%, respectively). Since bisphenols exist in UV chromophores, their HPLC-DAD responses were studied and compared with CAD responses, with CAD showing a more uniform response. Besides, the key parameters of HPLC-CAD were optimized and the developed method was verified using a Certified Reference Material (CRM, dulcitol, GBW06144). The area normalization result of dulcitol measured by HPLC-CAD was 99.89% ± 0.02% (n = 6), consistent with the certified value of 99.8% ± 0.2% (k = 2). The result of this work indicated that the HPLC-CAD method could be a good complementary tool to traditional techniques for the purity assessment of organic compounds, especially for compounds lacking UV chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Liu
- National Institute of Metrology, China, Beijing, 100029, China
- Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Boling Lu
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Zijuan Peng
- National Institute of Metrology, China, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- National Institute of Metrology, China, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hui Jiao
- National Institute of Metrology, China, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Tianjin Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| | - Penghui Li
- Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, 60438, Germany
| | - Shanjun Song
- National Institute of Metrology, China, Beijing, 100029, China.
- Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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