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Kong D, Chen Y, Gu Y, Ding C, Liu C, Shen W, Kee Lee H, Tang S. Sensitive fluorescence detection based on dimeric G-quadruplex combined with enzyme-assisted solid-phase microextraction of streptomycin in honey. Food Chem 2024; 442:138505. [PMID: 38266408 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Streptomycin (STR), an aminoglycoside antibiotic with the potential to persist in honey and other food products, may induce allergy, toxicity and antibiotic resistance in humans. In this study, we developed a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) biosensor based on a quartz rod that was modified with double-stranded DNA structures consisting of partially complementary G-rich base DNA strand and STR aptamer. The STR isolated by SPME initially bound to the aptamer. Then the remaining double-stranded DNA structures were cleaved by the Nt.BstNBI enzyme, resulting in release of G-quadruplex dimers. The latter formed a complex with thioflain T fluorescent dye, resulting in an amplified fluorescence response. The method exhibited high sensitivity (a limit of detection of 10.84 pM), wide linear range (0.05 nM ∼ 500 nM (with determination coefficient > 0.99)), and simple operation, making it suitable and convenient for STR detection. Successful STR determination in genuine honey samples was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhao Kong
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yitong Chen
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yidan Gu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Chao Ding
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Hian Kee Lee
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Zhang K, Zhang L. Determination of Patulin in Apple Juice and Apple-Derived Products Using a Robotic Sample Preparation System and LC-APCI-MS/MS. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:238. [PMID: 38922133 PMCID: PMC11209136 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16060238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Patulin, a toxic mycotoxin, can contaminate apple-derived products. The FDA has established an action level of 50 ppb (ng/g) for patulin in apple juice and apple juice products. To effectively monitor this mycotoxin, there is a need for adequate analytical methods that can reliably and efficiently determine patulin levels. In this work, we developed an automated sample preparation workflow followed by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS/MS) detection to identify and quantify patulin in a single method, further expanding testing capabilities for monitoring patulin in foods compared to traditional optical methods. Using a robotic sample preparation system, apple juice, apple cider, apple puree, apple-based baby food, applesauce, fruit rolls, and fruit jam were fortified with 13C-patulin and extracted using dichloromethane (DCM) without human intervention, followed by an LC-APCI-MS/MS analysis in negative ionization mode. The method achieved a limit of quantification of 4.0 ng/g and linearity ranging from 2 to 1000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.99). Quantitation was performed with isotope dilution using 13C-patulin as an internal standard and solvent calibration standards. Average recoveries (relative standard deviations, RSD%) in seven spike matrices were 95% (9%) at 10 ng/g, 110% (5%) at 50 ng/g, 101% (7%) at 200 ng/g, and 104% (4%) at 1000 ng/g (n = 28). The ranges of within-matrix and between-matrix variability (RSD) were 3-8% and 4-9%, respectively. In incurred samples, the identity of patulin was further confirmed with a comparison of the information-dependent acquisition-enhanced product ion (IDA-EPI) MS/MS spectra to a reference standard. The metrological traceability of the patulin measurements in an incurred apple cider (21.1 ± 8.0 µg/g) and apple juice concentrate (56.6 ± 15.6 µg/g) was established using a certified reference material and calibration data to demonstrate data confidence intervals (k = 2, 95% confidence interval).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
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Martínez-Pérez-Cejuela H, Gionfriddo E. Evolution of Green Sample Preparation: Fostering a Sustainable Tomorrow in Analytical Sciences. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7840-7863. [PMID: 38687329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- H Martínez-Pérez-Cejuela
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - E Gionfriddo
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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Hu K, Li L, Han P, Zhu W, Zhang Z, Zhao W, Zhang S. Preparation and evaluation of a tryptophan based hypercrosslinked porous polymer as an efficient adsorbent for pipette tip solid-phase extraction of sulfonamides. Food Chem 2024; 435:137536. [PMID: 37776656 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel tryptophan-based porous polymer is designed and synthesized via a facile one-step hypercrosslinking polymerization process, and applied as sorbent for extraction of trace sulfonamides in foodstuffs. The developed polymer has high surface area, large conjugate system, and abundant functional groups (e.g., π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and electrostatic attraction interactions), which endow it with superior affinity and high adsorption capacity for sulfonamides (16.16-59.29 mg g-1). The optimized SPE method is coupled with HPLC-DAD to create a sensitive and efficient protocol that provides good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9979), low limits of detection, satisfactory recoveries (92.5-109.5 %) and high precisions (RSDs < 8.24). In addition, the newly proposed method greatly reduces the amount of adsorbent (2.0 mg) and organic solvent (2.0 mL) used. Adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and simulation calculations studies further reveal the presence of monolayer adsorption, chemical adsorption process, and multiple interactions. Thus, this work presents a polymer capable of multiple interactions for the pretreatment of trace sulfonamides in foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Lixin Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Pengzhao Han
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Weixia Zhu
- Zhengzhou Customs District, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Center for Modern Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Kexue Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Zhou W, Pawliszyn J. Perspective on SPME-MS: Green and high-performance methods for rapid screening. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1291:342244. [PMID: 38280787 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The direct coupling of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with mass spectrometry (MS) offers rapid analysis with high sensitivity and low matrix effects by benefiting from the integration of sampling, high enrichment, and clean-up functions of SPME. Eliminating chromatographic separation reduces the amount of gas/solvent needed for analysis, while direct desorption in SPME-MS consumes none or few microliters of organic solvents per sample, further enhancing the greenness of the SPME technology. Over the past two decades, the rapid evolution of SPME-MS has given rise to numerous novel technologies that employ diverse ionization techniques and interfaces, several of which have already been commercialized. Drawing from an extensive review published earlier this year and our research experience, we provide perspectives on three aspects of these technologies: interface design and automation, integration with state-of-art MS instrumentation, and anticipated future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Zhou W, Hu K, Wang Y, Jiang RW, Pawliszyn J. Embedding Mixed Sorbents in Binder: Solid-Phase Microextraction Coating with Wide Extraction Coverage and Its Application in Environmental Water Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:771-779. [PMID: 38127806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a simple and highly effective sample-preparation technique for water analysis. However, the extraction coverage of a given SPME device with a specific coating can be an issue when analyzing multiple environmental contaminants. Therefore, instead of synthesizing one sorbent material with dual or multiple functions, we investigated a new strategy of preparing SPME blades using a homogeneous slurry made by mixing three different sorbent particles─namely, hydrophobic/lipophilic balanced (HLB), HLB-weak cationic exchange (HLB-WCX), and HLB-weak anionic exchange (HLB-WAX)─with a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) binder. The developed coating is matrix compatible, as the binder functions not only as a glue for immobilizing the sorbent particles but also as a porous filter, which only allows small molecules to enter the pores and interact with the particles, thus avoiding contamination from large elements. The results confirmed that the proposed mixed-coating SPME device provides good extraction performance for polar and nonpolar as well as positively and negatively charged compounds. Based on this device, three comprehensive analytical methodologies─high-throughput SPME-LC-MS/MS (for the quantitative analysis of targeted drugs of abuse and artificial sweeteners), in-bottle SPME-LC-high resolution MS (HRMS) (for the untargeted screening of organic contaminants), and on-site drone sampling SPME-LC-HRMS (for on-site sampling and untargeted screening)─were developed for use in environmental water analysis. The resultant data confirm that the proposed strategies enable comprehensive water quality assessment by using a single SPME device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yuanpeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Runshan Will Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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