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Ge D, Cai W, Guo Z, Wang B, Liu M, Shan C, Wang Y. Comparative analysis of bacterial community structure and physicochemical quality in high-temperature Daqu of different colors in Qingzhou production area. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31718. [PMID: 38828313 PMCID: PMC11140805 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
To compare the effects of differences in Daqu making technology and production regions on the bacterial composition and physicochemical properties of high-temperature Daqu (HTD), this study analyzed the bacterial community structure of three colors of HTD in the Qingzhou production area and measured their physicochemical quality. At the same time, a comparative analysis was conducted on the bacterial composition of Qingzhou and Xiangyang regions. The results revealed that the HTD in the Qingzhou area exhibited a diverse bacterial community dominated by Lentibacillus, Scopulibacillus, and Staphylococcus. The black HTD displayed the lowest bacterial richness (P < 0.05) and a relatively unique microbial structure. Significant variations were observed in the physicochemical qualities of the three colors of HTD. Notably, white HTD demonstrated higher moisture and ash content, saccharification and liquor-producing power. Yellow HTD exhibited higher amino nitrogen and protein content, and black HTD displayed higher water activity, acidity, and starch content. The variation in Bacillus, Limosilactobacillus, and Weissella distributions across different colors of HTD primarily contributed to these findings. From the HTD samples in the Qingzhou area, Bacillus (61.90 %) and lactic acid bacteria (17.46 %) being the predominant cultivable communities. Cluster analysis identified significant differences in bacterial communities among HTD samples from various production areas. It can enhance the understanding of HTD quality in the Qingzhou area and offer insights for optimizing HTD and Maotai-flavor Baijiu quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Ge
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Ingredients, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Xiangyang Lactic Acid Bacteria Biotechnology and Engineering Key Laboratory, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenchao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhuang Guo
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Ingredients, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Xiangyang Lactic Acid Bacteria Biotechnology and Engineering Key Laboratory, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Bangkun Wang
- Shandong Qingzhou Yunmen Wine Industry (Group) Co., Ltd, Qingzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Minwan Liu
- Shandong Qingzhou Yunmen Wine Industry (Group) Co., Ltd, Qingzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Chunhui Shan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yurong Wang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Ingredients, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Xiangyang Lactic Acid Bacteria Biotechnology and Engineering Key Laboratory, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
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Dong W, Yu X, Wang L, Zou M, Ma J, Liu J, Feng Y, Zhao S, Yang Q, Hu Y, Chen S. Unveiling the microbiota of sauce-flavor Daqu and its relationships with flavors and color during maturation. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1345772. [PMID: 38328433 PMCID: PMC10848165 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1345772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the microbial community in three-color sauce-flavor Daqu (black, yellow, and white) throughout their maturation processes, together with their physicochemical factors, culturable microbes, flavor components, and fermenting vitalities. Results from high-throughput sequencing revealed distinct microbial diversity, with more pronounced variations in bacterial community than in fungal community. Firmicutes and Ascomycota emerged as the most dominant bacterial and fungal phyla, respectively, during maturation. Genus-level analysis identified Kroppenstedia, Virgibacillus, and Bacillus as dominant bacteria in black Daqu, yellow Daqu, and white Daqu, severally, while Thermoascus was shared as the core dominant fungi for these Daqu. Physicochemical factors, particularly acidity, were found to exert a significant impact on microbial community. Kroppenstedtia was the key bacteria influencing the color formation of these Daqu. Furthermore, correlations between dominant microbes and flavor compounds highlighted their role in Daqu quality. Molds (Aspergillus, Rhizomucor, and Rhizopus), excepting Bacillus, played a crucial role in the formation of pyrazine compounds. Consequently, this study offers innovative insights into the microbial perspectives on color and pyrazine formation, establishing a groundwork for future mechanized Daqu production and quality control of sauce-flavor baijiu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Dong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Co., Ltd., Daye, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Menglin Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Jiyuan Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Yanli Feng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Shumiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Co., Ltd., Daye, China
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Shenxi Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Co., Ltd., Daye, China
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Gao Y, Yang Q, Jin G, Yang S, Qin R, Lyu L, Yao X, Zhang R, Chen S, Xu Y. Aroma Compound Changes in the Jiangxiangxing Baijiu Solid-State Distillation Process: Description, Kinetic Characters and Cut Point Selection. Foods 2024; 13:232. [PMID: 38254531 PMCID: PMC10814311 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Solid-state distillation is a distinctive process for extracting the baijiu aroma compounds that determine the flavor character of baijiu. In this study, the changes in various chemical properties of the aroma compounds in three classical Jiangxiangxing baijiu fermented grain distillation processes were analyzed. The changes in the aroma compounds in the instantaneous distillates were quantified and correlation analyzes were conducted. The results showed that the effect of the aroma compounds was greater than the differences between the fermented grains. Eleven representative aroma compounds were selected to develop the kinetic models describing two opposing changes. For the regulation of the Jiangxiangxing baijiu aroma compounds, their recovery rates were calculated using a kinetic model. A comprehensive comparison of the recovery rates of the characteristic aroma and other aroma compounds at different cut-off values revealed that the optimum recovery rate of the characteristic aroma of Jiangxiangxing baijiu 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine was 14.53% at cut-off values of 3.9 and 19.8 min. In this study, representative changes in the aroma compounds and the selection of cut-off values to regulate the baijiu distillation aroma were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Gao
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.G.); (G.J.); (R.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Qiang Yang
- Jing Brand Co., Ltd., Huangshi 435100, China; (Q.Y.); (S.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Guangyuan Jin
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.G.); (G.J.); (R.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Shengzhi Yang
- Jing Brand Co., Ltd., Huangshi 435100, China; (Q.Y.); (S.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Ruiyang Qin
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.G.); (G.J.); (R.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Linjie Lyu
- Jing Brand Co., Ltd., Huangshi 435100, China; (Q.Y.); (S.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xianze Yao
- Jing Brand Co., Ltd., Huangshi 435100, China; (Q.Y.); (S.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Rongzhen Zhang
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.G.); (G.J.); (R.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Shuang Chen
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.G.); (G.J.); (R.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Yan Xu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.G.); (G.J.); (R.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.C.)
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