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Adhikari S, Sharma Regmi R, Sapkota S, Khadka S, Patel N, Gurung S, Thapa D, Bhattarai P, Sapkota P, Devkota R, Ghimire A, Rijal KR. Multidrug resistance, biofilm formation and detection of bla CTX-M and bla VIM genes in E. coli and Salmonella isolates from chutney served at the street-food stalls of Bharatpur, Nepal. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15739. [PMID: 37144188 PMCID: PMC10151422 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) amid the bacteria found in ready-to-eat foods is a grave concern today warranting an immediate intervention. The current study was undertaken to explore the status of AMR in E. coli and Salmonella species in ready-to-eat Chutney samples (n = 150) served at the street food stalls in Bharatpur, Nepal, with a major focus on detecting extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo β-lactamase (MBL) genes along with biofilm formation. Average viable counts, coliform counts, and Salmonella Shigella counts were 1.33 × 106±141481.4, 1.83 × 105±91303.6, and 1.24 × 105±63933.19 respectively. Out of 150 samples, 41 (27.33%) harbored E. coli, of which 7 were E. coli O157:H7; whereas Salmonella spp. were found in 31 (20.67%) samples. Bacterial contamination of Chutney by E. coli and Salmonella and ESBL-production were both found significantly affected by different sources of water used, personal hygiene and literacy rate of the vendors as well as by the type of cleaning materials used to wash knives and chopping boards (P < 0.05). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that imipenem was the most effective drug against both types of bacterial isolates. Additionally, 14 (45.16%) Salmonella isolates and 27 (65.85%) E. coli isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant (MDR). Total ESBL (bla CTX-M) producers reported were 4 (12.90%) Salmonella spp. and 9 (21.95%) E. coli. Only 1 (3.23%) Salmonella spp. and 2 (4.88%) E. coli isolates were bla VIM gene carriers. Dissemination of knowledge of personal hygiene amongst the street vendors and consumer awareness regarding ready-to-eat foods are crucial factors that can be suggested to curtail the emergence and transmission of food-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Adhikari
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | - Ramesh Sharma Regmi
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | - Sanjeep Sapkota
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sujan Khadka
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
| | - Nitendra Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
| | - Sandhya Gurung
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
| | - Divya Thapa
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
| | - Prabina Bhattarai
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
| | - Prakriti Sapkota
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
| | - Ranjana Devkota
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
| | - Albert Ghimire
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan 44200, Nepal
| | - Komal Raj Rijal
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
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Okpala COR, Korzeniowska M. Understanding the Relevance of Quality Management in Agro-food Product Industry: From Ethical Considerations to Assuring Food Hygiene Quality Safety Standards and Its Associated Processes. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1938600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Odilichukwu R. Okpala
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Korzeniowska
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Alemayehu T, Aderaw Z, Giza M, Diress G. Food Safety Knowledge, Handling Practices and Associated Factors Among Food Handlers Working in Food Establishments in Debre Markos Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020: Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:1155-1163. [PMID: 33762858 PMCID: PMC7982701 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s295974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Foodborne illness is a major public health problem worldwide. The supply of safe and healthy food is crucial to prevent foodborne illness. However, evidence regarding food safety knowledge and handling practice is limited in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess food safety knowledge, handling practice, and its associated factors among food handlers in Debre Markos Town, North West Ethiopia. Patients and Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 408 randomly selected food handlers at Debre-Markos town. A structured questionnaire and an observational checklist were used to collect relevant data. The main outcome of interest was food safety and handling practice. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors significantly associated with food safety knowledge and food handling practice. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results In this study, only 34.1% of food handlers had good food safety knowledge and nearly 54% of food handlers had good food handling practice. Level of education (AOR = 0.23 (0.14–0.57)), training on food safety (AOR = 5.13 (3.57–7.82)), and favorable attitudes towards food safety (AOR=2.54 (1.52–4.25)) were the factors associated with knowledge of food safety. Similarly, training (AOR=2.05, 95% CI=1.31–3.19), a good level of knowledge (AOR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.40, 3.17), and work experience (AOR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.10–2.81) were positively associated with good food handling practice. Conclusion In this study, the level of food safety knowledge and handling practices were relatively low. Therefore, the concerned bodies should work on the identified factors to improve food handlers’ knowledge of food safety and practice level. Continuous training for food handlers should be given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zewdie Aderaw
- Public Health Department, College of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Mastewal Giza
- Public Health Department, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Gedefaw Diress
- Public Health Department, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
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Nyarugwe SP, Linnemann AR, Ren Y, Bakker EJ, Kussaga JB, Watson D, Fogliano V, Luning PA. An intercontinental analysis of food safety culture in view of food safety governance and national values. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.107075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Sebata B, Neeliah SA, Aumjaud B. Key informants’ perceptions and attitudes towards national food control systems: Evidence from two countries of the Southern African Development Community. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kussaga JB, Jacxsens L, Tiisekwa BP, Luning PA. Food safety management systems performance in African food processing companies: a review of deficiencies and possible improvement strategies. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:2154-2169. [PMID: 24425418 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study seeks to provide insight into current deficiencies in food safety management systems (FSMS) in African food-processing companies and to identify possible strategies for improvement so as to contribute to African countries' efforts to provide safe food to both local and international markets. This study found that most African food products had high microbiological and chemical contamination levels exceeding the set (legal) limits. Relative to industrialized countries, the study identified various deficiencies at government, sector/branch, retail and company levels which affect performance of FSMS in Africa. For instance, very few companies (except exporting and large companies) have implemented HACCP and ISO 22000:2005. Various measures were proposed to be taken at government (e.g. construction of risk-based legislative frameworks, strengthening of food safety authorities, recommend use of ISO 22000:2005, and consumers' food safety training), branch/sector (e.g. sector-specific guidelines and third-party certification), retail (develop stringent certification standards and impose product specifications) and company levels (improving hygiene, strict raw material control, production process efficacy, and enhancing monitoring systems, assurance activities and supportive administrative structures). By working on those four levels, FSMS of African food-processing companies could be better designed and tailored towards their production processes and specific needs to ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal B Kussaga
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Laboratory of Food Preservation and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Guo X, Wang F, Yu X, Liu X, Qian Y, Chen S. An empirical examination of the effects of local agro-food quality and safety supervision in China. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1757-837x.2012.00178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Guo
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing; China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing; China
| | - Xiao Yu
- China Bureau for Agricultural Food Quality and Safety; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing; China
| | | | - Yongzhong Qian
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing; China
| | - Song Chen
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing; China
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