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Hou S, Ma J, Cheng Y, Wang Z, Yan Y. Overview-gold nanoparticles-based sensitive nanosensors in mycotoxins detection. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11734-11749. [PMID: 35916760 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2095973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Food-borne mycotoxins is one of the food safety concerns in the world. At present, nanosensors are widely used in the detection and analysis of mycotoxins due to their high specificity and sensitivity. In nanosensor-based mycotoxindetections, the sensitivity is mainly improved from two aspects. On the one hand, based on the principle of immune response, antigens and antibodies can be modified and developed. Such as single-domain heavy chain antibodies, aptamers, peptides, and antigen mimotopes. On the other hand, improvements and innovations have been made on signal amplification materials, including gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), quantum dots, and graphene, etc. Among them, gold nanoparticles can not only be used as a signal amplification material, but also can be used as carriers for identification elements, which can be used for signal amplification in detection. In this article, we systematically summarized the emerging strategies for enhancing the detection sensitivity of traditional gold nanoparticles-based nanosensors, in terms of recognition elements and signal amplification. Representative examples were selected to illustrate the potential mechanism of each strategy in enhancing the colorimetric signal intensity of AuNP and its potential application in biosensing. Finally, our review suggested the challenges and future prospects of gold particles in detection of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjiao Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqiang Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaofei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxian Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Liang Z. Small Peptides in the Detection of Mycotoxins and Their Potential Applications in Mycotoxin Removal. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110795. [PMID: 36422969 PMCID: PMC9698726 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins pose significant risks to humans and livestock. In addition, contaminated food- and feedstuffs can only be discarded, leading to increased economic losses and potential ecological pollution. Mycotoxin removal and real-time toxin level monitoring are effective approaches to solve this problem. As a hot research hotspot, small peptides derived from phage display peptide libraries, combinatorial peptide libraries, and rational design approaches can act as coating antigens, competitive antigens, and anti-immune complexes in immunoassays for the detection of mycotoxins. Furthermore, as a potential approach to mycotoxin degradation, small peptides can mimic the natural enzyme catalytic site to construct artificial enzymes containing oxidoreductases, hydrolase, and lyase activities. In summary, with the advantages of mature synthesis protocols, diverse structures, and excellent biocompatibility, also sharing their chemical structure with natural proteins, small peptides are widely used for mycotoxin detection and artificial enzyme construction, which have promising applications in mycotoxin degradation. This paper mainly reviews the advances of small peptides in the detection of mycotoxins, the construction of peptide-based artificial enzymes, and their potential applications in mycotoxin control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haoxiang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhihong Liang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62737055
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Knopp D. Recent Progress in Rapid Determination of Mycotoxins Based on Emerging Biorecognition Molecules: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:73. [PMID: 35202100 PMCID: PMC8874725 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungal species, which pose significant risk to humans and livestock. The mycotoxins which are produced from Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium are considered most important and therefore regulated in food- and feedstuffs. Analyses are predominantly performed by official laboratory methods in centralized labs by expert technicians. There is an urgent demand for new low-cost, easy-to-use, and portable analytical devices for rapid on-site determination. Most significant advances were realized in the field bioanalytical techniques based on molecular recognition. This review aims to discuss recent progress in the generation of native biomolecules and new bioinspired materials towards mycotoxins for the development of reliable bioreceptor-based analytical methods. After brief presentation of basic knowledge regarding characteristics of most important mycotoxins, the generation, benefits, and limitations of present and emerging biorecognition molecules, such as polyclonal (pAb), monoclonal (mAb), recombinant antibodies (rAb), aptamers, short peptides, and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), are discussed. Hereinafter, the use of binders in different areas of application, including sample preparation, microplate- and tube-based assays, lateral flow devices, and biosensors, is highlighted. Special focus, on a global scale, is placed on commercial availability of single receptor molecules, test-kits, and biosensor platforms using multiplexed bead-based suspension assays and planar biochip arrays. Future outlook is given with special emphasis on new challenges, such as increasing use of rAb based on synthetic and naïve antibody libraries to renounce animal immunization, multiple-analyte test-kits and high-throughput multiplexing, and determination of masked mycotoxins, including stereoisomeric degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Cui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Dietmar Knopp
- Chair for Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technische Universitat München, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, D-81377 München, Germany
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Huang DT, Fu HJ, Huang JJ, Luo L, Lei HT, Shen YD, Chen ZJ, Wang H, Xu ZL. Mimotope-Based Immunoassays for the Rapid Analysis of Mycotoxin: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11743-11752. [PMID: 34583509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic contaminants in foods and feeds that are naturally occurring and largely unavoidable. Determining their contents in these products is essential to protect humans from harm. Immunoassays of mycotoxins have been well-established because they are fast, sensitive, simple, and cost-effective. However, a major limitation of immunoassays is the requirement of toxic mycotoxins as competing antigens, standards, or competing tracers. Mimotopes are peptides or proteins that can specifically bind to antibodies and compete with analytes for binding sites by mimicking antigenic epitopes. They can be employed as substitutes for competing antigens, standards, or competing tracers to avoid use of mycotoxins. This review summarizes the production and functionalization of the two main kinds of mimotopes, mimic peptides and anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2), and their applications in rapid analysis of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Tong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui-Jun Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jia-Jia Huang
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou 510665, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong-Tao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu-Dong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zi-Jian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Peltomaa R, Fikacek S, Benito-Peña E, Barderas R, Head T, Deo S, Daunert S, Moreno-Bondi MC. Bioluminescent detection of zearalenone using recombinant peptidomimetic Gaussia luciferase fusion protein. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:547. [PMID: 32886242 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of a bioluminescent immunosensor is reported for the determination of zearalenone (ZEA) based on a peptide mimetic identified by phage display. The peptide mimetic GW, with a peptide sequence GWWGPYGEIELL, was used to create recombinant fusion proteins with the bioluminescent Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) that were directly used as tracers for toxin detection in a competitive immunoassay without the need for secondary antibodies or further labeling. The bioluminescent sensor, based on protein G-coupled magnetic beads for antibody immobilization, enabled determination of ZEA with a detection limit of 4.2 ng mL-1 (corresponding to 420 μg kg-1 in food samples) and an IC50 value of 11.0 ng mL-1. The sensor performance was evaluated in spiked maize and wheat samples, with recoveries ranging from 87 to 106% (RSD < 20%, n = 3). Finally, the developed method was applied to the analysis of a naturally contaminated reference matrix material and good agreement with the reported concentrations was obtained.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Peltomaa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabrina Fikacek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Benito-Peña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Chronic Disease Programme, UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2.2, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Trajen Head
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sapna Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33136, USA.,University of Miami Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - María C Moreno-Bondi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Peltomaa R, Agudo-Maestro I, Más V, Barderas R, Benito-Peña E, Moreno-Bondi MC. Development and comparison of mimotope-based immunoassays for the analysis of fumonisin B1. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6801-6811. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Cyclic peptide: a safe and effective alternative to synthetic aflatoxin B1-competitive antigens. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:3881-3890. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Peltomaa R, Amaro-Torres F, Carrasco S, Orellana G, Benito-Peña E, Moreno-Bondi MC. Homogeneous Quenching Immunoassay for Fumonisin B 1 Based on Gold Nanoparticles and an Epitope-Mimicking Yellow Fluorescent Protein. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11333-11342. [PMID: 30481972 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Homogeneous immunoassays represent an attractive alternative to traditional heterogeneous assays due to their simplicity, sensitivity, and speed. On the basis of a previously identified epitope-mimicking peptide, or mimotope, we developed a homogeneous fluorescence quenching immunoassay based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a recombinant epitope-mimicking fusion protein for the detection of mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1). The fumonisin mimotope was cloned as a fusion protein with a yellow fluorescent protein that could be used directly as the tracer for FB1 detection without the need of labeling or a secondary antibody. Furthermore, owing to the fluorescence quenching ability of AuNPs, a homogeneous immunoassay could be performed in a single step without washing steps to separate the unbound tracer. The homogeneous quenching assay showed negligible matrix effects in 5% wheat extract and high sensitivity for FB1 detection, with a dynamic range from 7.3 to 22.6 ng mL-1, a detection limit of 1.1 ng mL-1, and IC50 value of 12.9 ng mL-1, which was significantly lower than the IC50 value of the previously reported assay using the synthetic counterpart of the same mimotope in a microarray format. The homogeneous assay was demonstrated to be specific for fumonisins B1 and B2, as no significant cross-reactivity with other mycotoxins was observed, and acceptable recoveries (86% for FB1 2000 μg kg-1 and 103% for FB1 4000 μg kg-1), with relative standard deviation less than 6.5%, were reported from spiked wheat samples, proving that the method could provide a valuable tool for simple analysis of mycotoxin-contaminated food samples.
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Hou SL, Ma ZE, Meng H, Xu Y, He QH. Ultrasensitive and green electrochemical immunosensor for mycotoxin ochratoxin A based on phage displayed mimotope peptide. Talanta 2018; 194:919-924. [PMID: 30609625 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrated a new approach for development of an ultrasensitive and green electrochemical immunosensor for Ochratoxin A (OTA). Phage displayed mimotope peptide of OTA was used as mimics of conventional competing antigen, which is chemical synthesized with toxic mycotoxins OTA as raw material, in a competitive sensing platform. The working electrode was modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG) for the purpose of immobilizing antibody effectively. Under the optimized test condition, the limit of detection (LOD) of the established immunosensor was 2.04 fg/mL, and the linear range was 7.17-548.76 fg/mL. Specific measurement of this established method was conducted by testing cross-reactivity of other common mycotoxins, the result showed that mimotope peptide-based immunosensor has negligible cross-reactivity with other mycotoxins. Furthermore, the novel concept of phage displayed mimotope peptide-based immunosensor may provide a potential application in general method for the ultrasensitive detection of various toxic small molecules in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Lu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zhen-E Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hui Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qing-Hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Ding Y, Hua X, Sun N, Yang J, Deng J, Shi H, Wang M. Development of a phage chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay with high sensitivity for the determination of imidaclothiz in agricultural and environmental samples. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:854-860. [PMID: 28783899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we isolated six phage-displayed peptides by biopanning phage-displayed peptide libraries on an immobilized anti-imidaclothiz monoclonal antibody. After analyzing the relative sensitivity of the individual phage-displayed peptides, we subsequently developed and optimized both a phage enzyme immunoassay (P-ELISA) and a phage chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (P-CLEIA) to improve the sensitivity and linear range of imidaclothiz assays. The P-CLEIA (50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 0.86ngmL-1, linear range of 0.13-5.84ngmL-1) was more sensitive and had a wider linear range compared to the P-ELISA (IC50 of 1.45ngmL-1, linear range of 0.55-3.82ngmL-1). Besides, the sensitivities of the P-ELISA and P-CLEIA were increased by >4-fold and 8-fold, respectively as compared to homologous immunoassays developed using the same monoclonal antibody. Neither method had significant cross-reactivity with the analogues of imidaclothiz except for imidacloprid. Recoveries of the P-ELISA and P-CLEIA for imidaclothiz in paddy water, soil, cabbage, rice, apple, pakchoi, pear and tomato samples were 72.3-101.3% and 73.9-102.6%, respectively. The P-ELISA and P-CLEIA detected imidaclothiz in the authentic samples, and showed good correlation with results obtained from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ding
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiude Hua
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Nana Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiachuan Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiaqi Deng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
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Thyparambil AA, Bazin I, Guiseppi-Elie A. Molecular Modeling and Simulation Tools in the Development of Peptide-Based Biosensors for Mycotoxin Detection: Example of Ochratoxin. Toxins (Basel) 2017. [PMCID: PMC5744115 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9120395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination of food and feed is now ubiquitous. Exposures to mycotoxin via contact or ingestion can potentially induce adverse health outcomes. Affordable mycotoxin-monitoring systems are highly desired but are limited by (a) the reliance on technically challenging and costly molecular recognition by immuno-capture technologies; and (b) the lack of predictive tools for directing the optimization of alternative molecular recognition modalities. Our group has been exploring the development of ochratoxin detection and monitoring systems using the peptide NFO4 as the molecular recognition receptor in fluorescence, electrochemical and multimodal biosensors. Using ochratoxin as the model mycotoxin, we share our perspective on addressing the technical challenges involved in biosensor fabrication, namely: (a) peptide receptor design; and (b) performance evaluation. Subsequently, the scope and utility of molecular modeling and simulation (MMS) approaches to address the above challenges are described. Informed and enabled by phage display, the subsequent application of MMS approaches can rationally guide subsequent biomolecular engineering of peptide receptors, including bioconjugation and bioimmobilization approaches to be used in the fabrication of peptide biosensors. MMS approaches thus have the potential to reduce biosensor development cost, extend product life cycle, and facilitate multi-analyte detection of mycotoxins, each of which positively contributes to the overall affordability of mycotoxin biosensor monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aby A. Thyparambil
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ingrid Bazin
- Laboratoire de Génie de l’Environnement Industriel( LGEI), Institut Mines Telecom (IMT) Mines Ales, University of Montpellier, 30100 Ales, France;
| | - Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- ABTECH Scientific, Inc., Biotechnology Research Park, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-979-458-1239; Fax: +1-979-458-8219
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12
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Peltomaa R, Benito-Peña E, Moreno-Bondi MC. Bioinspired recognition elements for mycotoxin sensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:747-771. [PMID: 29127461 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are low molecular weight molecules produced as secondary metabolites by filamentous fungi that can be found as natural contaminants in many foods and feeds. These toxins have been shown to have adverse effects on both human and animal health, and are the cause of significant economic losses worldwide. Sensors for mycotoxin analysis have traditionally applied elements of biological origin for the selective recognition purposes. However, since the 1970s there has been an exponential growth in the use of genetically engineered or synthetic biomimetic recognition elements that allow some of the limitations associated with the use of natural receptors for the analyses of these toxins to be circumvented. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the application of bioinspired recognition elements, including recombinant antibodies, peptides, aptamers, and molecularly imprinted polymers, to the development of sensors for mycotoxins based on different transduction elements. Graphical abstract Novel analytical methods based on bioinspired recognition elements, such as recombinant antibodies, peptides, aptamers, and molecularly imprinted polymers, can improve the detection of mycotoxins and provide better tools than their natural counterparts to ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Peltomaa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Benito-Peña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María C Moreno-Bondi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Peltomaa R, Benito-Peña E, Barderas R, Sauer U, González Andrade M, Moreno-Bondi MC. Microarray-Based Immunoassay with Synthetic Mimotopes for the Detection of Fumonisin B1. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6216-6223. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ursula Sauer
- Center
for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Martin González Andrade
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán D.F., México
City 04510, México
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Zhao Y, Liang Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Hu X, Tu S, Wu A, Zhang C, Zhong J, Zhao S, Liu X, Tu K. Isolation of broad-specificity domain antibody from phage library for development of pyrethroid immunoassay. Anal Biochem 2016; 502:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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15
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Wang Y, Li P, Zhang Q, Hu X, Zhang W. A toxin-free enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the analysis of aflatoxins based on a VHH surrogate standard. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6019-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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16
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Zou X, Chen C, Huang X, Chen X, Wang L, Xiong Y. Phage-free peptide ELISA for ochratoxin A detection based on biotinylated mimotope as a competing antigen. Talanta 2016; 146:394-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Hua X, Zhou L, Feng L, Ding Y, Shi H, Wang L, Gee SJ, Hammock BD, Wang M. Competitive and noncompetitive phage immunoassays for the determination of benzothiostrobin. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 890:150-6. [PMID: 26347177 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-three phage-displayed peptides that specifically bind to an anti-benzothiostrobin monoclonal antibody (mAb) in the absence or presence of benzothiostrobin were isolated from a cyclic 8-residue peptide phage library. Competitive and noncompetitive phage enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for benzothiostrobin were developed by using a clone C3-3 specific to the benzothiostrobin-free mAb and a clone N6-18 specific to the benzothiostrobin immunocomplex, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the half maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) of the competitive phage ELISA and the concentration of analyte producing 50% saturation of the signal (SC50) of the noncompetitive phage ELISA for benzothiostrobin were 0.94 and 2.27 ng mL(-1), respectively. The noncompetitive phage ELISA showed higher selectivity compared to the competitive. Recoveries of the competitive and the noncompetitive phage ELISAs for benzothiostrobin in cucumber, tomato, pear and rice samples were 67.6-119.6% and 70.4-125.0%, respectively. The amounts of benzothiostrobin in the containing incurred residues samples detected by the two types of phage ELISAs were significantly correlated with that detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiude Hua
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liangliang Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lu Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Limin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shirley J Gee
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Minghua Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China.
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18
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Anti-idiotypic nanobody as citrinin mimotope from a naive alpaca heavy chain single domain antibody library. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:5333-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for thiacloprid in soil and agro-products with phage-displayed peptide. Anal Biochem 2015; 481:27-32. [PMID: 25908560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody (3A5) that can recognize thiacloprid was produced, and a linear 8-residue peptide phage library was constructed. Six phage-displayed peptides were isolated from the linear 8-residue peptide phage library and a cyclic 8-residue peptide phage library. A phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect thiacloprid using a phage-displayed peptide. Under the optimal conditions, the half-maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) and the limit of detection (IC10) of the developed phage ELISA were 8.3 and 0.7 μg/L, respectively. Compared with the conventional ELISA, the sensitivity was improved more than 3-fold. The cross-reactivity (CR) was less than 0.08% for the tested structural analogues and was regarded as negligible. The recoveries of thiacloprid ranged from 80.3% to 116.3% in environmental and agricultural samples, which conformed to the requirements for residue detection. The amount of thiacloprid detected by phage ELISA in the samples was significantly correlated with that detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. The current study indicates that isolating phage-displayed peptides from phage display libraries is an alternative method for the development of a sensitive immunoassay and that the developed assay is a potentially useful tool for detecting thiacloprid in environmental and agricultural samples.
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20
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Xu Y, He Z, He Q, Qiu Y, Chen B, Chen J, Liu X. Use of cloneable peptide-MBP fusion protein as a mimetic coating antigen in the standardized immunoassay for mycotoxin ochratoxin A. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8830-8836. [PMID: 25127400 DOI: 10.1021/jf5028922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The quality of mycotoxin conjugates is essential to the development of reliability of immunoassays for mycotoxins. However, conventional mycotoxin conjugates are usually synthesized by chemical methods, which are harmful to the environment and yield unwanted cross-reactions. In this study, using ochratoxin A (OTA) as a model system, a selected OTA mimotope (phage-displayed peptide) that specifically binds to anti-OTA antibody was expressed as soluble and monovalent fusions to maltose binding protein (MBP). These prepared fusion proteins can serve as a mimetic coating antigen in both a quantitative chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunoassay (CLEIA) and a qualitative dot immunoassay for OTA. One of the prepared mimetic coating antigen (L12-206-MBP)-based CLEIAs exhibited a half-inhibition concentration (IC50) of 0.82 ng/mL and a working range of 0.30-2.17 ng/mL, which resemble those of the conventional OTA-OVA conjugate-based immunoassay. The dot immunoassay developed with both the OTA-OVA conjugate and the mimetics showed identical visual cutoff values of 5 ng/mL. The mimetic coating antigen proposed here is an OTA-free product and can be prepared reproducibly as a homogeneous product and facilitates standardization of immunoassays for the mycotoxin OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Sino-Germany Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University , No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
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21
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Hua X, Liu X, Shi H, Wang Y, Kim HJ, Gee SJ, Wang M, Liu F, Hammock BD. Development of a heterologous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for organophosphorus pesticides with phage-borne peptide. RSC Adv 2014; 4:42445-42453. [PMID: 26290688 DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07059c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect organophosphorus pesticides using a phage-borne peptide that was isolated from a cyclic 8-residue peptide phage library. The IC50 values of the phage ELISA ranged from 1.4 to 92.1 μg L-1 for eight organophosphorus pesticides (parathion-methyl, parathion, fenitrothion, cyanophos, EPN, paraoxon-methyl, paraoxon, fenitrooxon). The sensitivity was improved 120- and 2-fold compared to conventional homologous and heterologous ELISA, respectively. The selectivity of the phage ELISA was evaluated by measuring its cross-reactivity with 23 organophosphorus pesticides, among which eight were the main cross-reactants. The spike recoveries were between 66.1% and 101.6% for the detection of single pesticide residues of parathion-methyl, parathion and fenitrothion in Chinese cabbage, apple and greengrocery, and all of the coefficient of variation were less than or equal to 15.9%. Moreover, the phage ELISA results were validated by gas chromatography. The results indicate that isolating phage-borne peptides from phage display libraries is an alternative method for the development of a heterologous immunoassay and that the developed assay has a lower limit of detection than the chemically synthesized competitor assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiude Hua
- College of Plant Protection (State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China ; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- College of Plant Protection (State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China ; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education
| | - Haiyan Shi
- College of Plant Protection (State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China ; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education
| | - Yanru Wang
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hee Joo Kim
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Shirley J Gee
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Minghua Wang
- College of Plant Protection (State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China ; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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22
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Hua X, Yin W, Shi H, Li M, Wang Y, Wang H, Ye Y, Kim HJ, Gee SJ, Wang M, Liu F, Hammock BD. Development of phage immuno-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for organophosphorus pesticides in agro-products. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8441-7. [PMID: 25135320 PMCID: PMC4139188 DOI: 10.1021/ac5020657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Two immuno-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays (iLAMP) were developed by using a phage-borne peptide that was isolated from a cyclic eight-peptide phage library. One assay was used to screen eight organophosphorus (OP) pesticides with limits of detection (LOD) between 2 and 128 ng mL(-1). The iLAMP consisted of the competitive immuno-reaction coupled to the LAMP reaction for detection. This method provides positive results in the visual color of violet, while a negative response results in a sky blue color; therefore, the iLAMP allows one to rapidly detect analytes in yes or no fashion. We validated the iLAMP by detecting parathion-methyl, parathion, and fenitrothion in Chinese cabbage, apple, and greengrocery, and the detection results were consistent with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In conclusion, the iLAMP is a simple, rapid, sensitive, and economical method for detecting OP pesticide residues in agro-products with no instrumental requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiude Hua
- College of Plant Protection (State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application), Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
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23
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Xu Y, Chen B, He QH, Qiu YL, Liu X, He ZY, Xiong ZP. New Approach for Development of Sensitive and Environmentally Friendly Immunoassay for Mycotoxin Fumonisin B1 Based on Using Peptide-MBP Fusion Protein as Substitute for Coating Antigen. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8433-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502037w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science
and Technology, Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science
and Technology, Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qing-hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science
and Technology, Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yu-Lou Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science
and Technology, Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science
and Technology, Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zhen-yun He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science
and Technology, Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zheng-ping Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science
and Technology, Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
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24
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Liu X, Xu Y, Xiong YH, Tu Z, Li YP, He ZY, Qiu YL, Fu JH, Gee SJ, Hammock BD. VHH phage-based competitive real-time immuno-polymerase chain reaction for ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A in cereal. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7471-7. [PMID: 24992514 PMCID: PMC4306448 DOI: 10.1021/ac501202d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Phage display-mediated immuno-polymerase chain reaction (PD-IPCR) is an ultrasensitive detection technology that combines the advantages of immuno-PCR and phage display. The phage particle, which displayed antibody fragments including single-chain fragment variable (scFv), variable domain of heavy-chain antibodies (VHH), and antigen-binding fragment (Fab) on the surface can be directly used in IPCR, supplying both the detection antibody and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) template. In this work, we used ochratoxin A (OTA) as a model system to study the capacity of PD-IPCR in the detection of toxic small molecular weight compounds, especially mycotoxins. An alpaca-derived VHH library was constructed and subjected to four cycles of panning. In total, 16 clones with four unique sequences were selected by competitive binding with OTA. The clone VHH-28 resulted in the lowest 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.31 ng/mL in the phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and was selected to develop the VHH phage-based real-time immuno-PCR (RT-IPCR). The detection limit of the VHH phage-based RT-IPCR was 3.7 pg/L, with a linear range of 0.01-1000 pg/mL. This method was compared with conventional ELISA, and validation results indicated the reliability of VHH phage-based RT-IPCR in the detection of OTA in cereal samples. This study provides a new idea for the ultrasensitive detection of mycotoxins and other toxic small molecular weight compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and ‡Sino-Germany Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China
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25
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Phage-borne peptidomimetics as immunochemical reagent in dot-immunoassay for mycotoxin zearalenone. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Maragos CM. Production of anti-idiotype antibodies for deoxynivalenol and their evaluation with three immunoassay platforms. Mycotoxin Res 2014; 30:103-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s12550-014-0190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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He ZY, He QH, Xu Y, Li YP, Liu X, Chen B, Lei D, Sun CH. Ochratoxin A Mimotope from Second-Generation Peptide Library and Its Application in Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10304-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402127t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-yun He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Sino-Germany Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qing-hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Sino-Germany Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Sino-Germany Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yan-ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Sino-Germany Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Sino-Germany Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Sino-Germany Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Da Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Sino-Germany Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Cheng-hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Sino-Germany Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
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28
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Wang Y, Li P, Majkova Z, Bever CRS, Kim HJ, Zhang Q, Dechant JE, Gee SJ, Hammock BD. Isolation of alpaca anti-idiotypic heavy-chain single-domain antibody for the aflatoxin immunoassay. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8298-303. [PMID: 23965250 DOI: 10.1021/ac4015885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anti-idiotypic antibodies recognize the antigenic determinants of an antibody, thus they can be used as surrogate antigens. Single-domain antibodies from camlid heavy-chain antibodies with the benefit features of small size, thermostability, and ease in expression, are leading candidates to produce anti-idiotypic antibodies. In this work, we constructed an antibody phage library from the mRNA of an alpaca immunized with an antiaflatoxin monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1C11. Three anti-idiotypic VHH antibodies were isolated and applied to immunoassay toward aflatoxin as a coating antigen. The best immunoassay developed with one of these VHH antibodies shows an IC50 of 0.16 ng/mL toward aflatoxin B1 and cross-reactivity toward aflatoxin B2, G1, and G2 of 90.4%, 54.4%, and 37.7%, respectively. The VHH-based immunoassay was successfully applied to the analysis of peanuts, corn, and rice, which are the predominant commodities regularly contaminated by aflatoxins. A good correlation (r(2) = 0.89) was found between the data obtained from the conventional ELISA and the ELISA based on a VHH coating antigen for the analysis of aflatoxins in peanuts and feedstuff. The use of biotechnology in developing the surrogate, the absence of standard aflatoxin and organic solvents in the synthesis procedures, and the reproducibility of the VHH antibody makes it an ideal strategy for replacing conventional synthesized antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
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29
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Liu X, Xu Y, He QH, He ZY, Xiong ZP. Application of mimotope peptides of fumonisin b1 in Peptide ELISA. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4765-4770. [PMID: 23692446 DOI: 10.1021/jf400056p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Anti-fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) McAb 1D11 was used as the target for biopanning from a phage random loop-constrained heptapeptide library. After three cycles of panning, seven phages with three mimotope peptides were selected to mimic the binding of FB(1) to 1D11. After the identification of phage ELISA, the phage clone that showed the best linear range of detection was chosen for further research. One peptide with the inserted peptide sequence of the phage was synthetized, named CT-452. An indirect competitive ELISA (peptide ELISA) for detecting FB(1) was established using the CT-452-bovine serum albumin conjugate as coating antigen. The linear range of the inhibition curve was 1.77-20.73 ng/mL. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 6.06 ng/mL, and the limit of detection was 1.18 ng/mL. This method was compared with conventional indirect ELISA (commercial ELISA kit) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the results showed the reliability of the peptide ELISA for the determination of FB(1) in cereal samples. The relationship between the CT-452 and FB(1) standard concentrations in peptide ELISA was evaluated. The results indicated that synthetic peptide CT-452 can replace the FB(1) standard to establish an immunoassay free of FB(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Sino-Germany Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
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30
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Wang Y, Wang H, Li P, Zhang Q, Kim HJ, Gee SJ, Hammock BD. Phage-displayed peptide that mimics aflatoxins and its application in immunoassay. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:2426-33. [PMID: 23394544 PMCID: PMC3830680 DOI: 10.1021/jf4004048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To search for an alternative to using protein conjugated aflatoxin as a coating antigen in aflatoxin detection by an ELISA method, a random-8-peptide library was constructed and used as a source of peptides that mimic aflatoxins (termed as mimotopes). Five mimotope peptides were obtained by panning-elution from the library and were successfully used in an indirect competitive ELISA for analyzing total aflatoxin concentration. The assay exhibited an IC50 value of 14 μg/kg in samples (with 1 in 7 dilution of sample extract) for aflatoxins. The linear range is 4-24 μg/kg. Further validation indicated relatively good recovery (60-120%) in peanut, rice and corn. Natural contaminated samples (peanut and feedstuff) were analyzed for aflatoxin concentration by both conventional ELISA and phage ELISA. The results showed good correlation. It can be concluded that the mimotope preparation is an effective substitute for the aflatoxin based coating antigen in ELISA and can be used in real sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, 430062, P. R. China
- Corresponding Authors Tel: +86 27 86812943; Fax: +86 27 86812862;
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, P.R. China
| | - Hee Joo Kim
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Shirley J. Gee
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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31
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Anfossi L, Giovannoli C, Giraudi G, Biagioli F, Passini C, Baggiani C. A lateral flow immunoassay for the rapid detection of ochratoxin A in wine and grape must. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:11491-11497. [PMID: 23121293 DOI: 10.1021/jf3031666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A one-step lateral flow immunoassay was developed for semiquantitatively detecting ochratoxin A (OTA) in wines and grape musts. Matrix-matched calibration curves carried out in blank wines showed a detection limit of 1 μg L(-1) and IC(50) of 3.2 μg L(-1). Relative standard deviations for intra- and interday precision were in the 20-40% range. A simple treatment of samples, which only included dilution with sodium bicarbonate and polyethylene glycol (4% w/v) for red and white wines and the further addition of ethanol (12% v/v) for grape musts, was established. The developed assay allowed OTA detection in 5 min and proved to be accurate and sensitive enough to allow the correct attribution of samples as compliant or noncompliant according to EU legislation. Results agreeing with those of a reference chromatographic method were obtained on 38 wines and 16 musts. Although some lateral flow devices aimed at detecting OTA have been previously described, this is the first assay capable of measuring the toxin in wine and grape must, which represent a major source of OTA dietary intake. Analytical performances of the method are comparable to or better than previously reported assays showed. In addition, the assay, including sample treatments, is extremely simple and rapid and can be effectively regarded as a one-step assay usable virtually anywhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria, 5, I-10125 Turin, Italy.
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Xu F, Weijun K, Meihua Y, Zhen O. Latest Advancement for Detection Methods of Mycotoxins in Traditional Chinese Medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1876-3553(13)60011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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He QH, Xu Y, Wang D, Kang M, Huang ZB, Li YP. Simultaneous multiresidue determination of mycotoxins in cereal samples by polyvinylidene fluoride membrane based dot immunoassay. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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LIU RENRONG, XU LING, QIU XUEMEI, CHEN XINGLONG, DENG SHENGLIANG, LAI WEIHUA, XU YANG. AN IMMUNOASSAY FOR DETERMINING AFLATOXIN B1 USING A RECOMBINANT PHAGE AS A NONTOXIC COATING CONJUGATE. J Food Saf 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2012.00383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Anfossi L, Baggiani C, Giovannoli C, D'Arco G, Giraudi G. Lateral-flow immunoassays for mycotoxins and phycotoxins: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:467-80. [PMID: 22543716 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural toxin (for example mycotoxin and phycotoxin) contamination of food is of safety and economic concern, so much effort is devoted to the development of screening methods which enable the toxins to be continuously and widely monitored in food and feed. More generally speaking, rapid and non-instrumental assays for detection of a variety of food contaminants are generating ever-increasing scientific and technological interest because they enable high-throughput, economical, on-site monitoring of such contaminants. Among rapid methods for first-level screening of food contaminants, lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA), also named immunochromatographic assay or immune-gold colloid immunoassay, has recently attracted scientific and industrial interest because of its attractive property of enabling very rapid, one-step, in-situ analysis. This review focuses on new aspects of the development and optimization of lateral-flow devices for mycotoxin and phycotoxin detection, including strategies for management of matrix interference and, particularly, for investigation of the improvements achieved by signal-enhancing strategies or by application of non-gold nanoparticle signal reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Anfossi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Zahoor-ul-Hassan, Muhammad Zargham K, Ahrar K, Ijaz J, Mnaza N. In vivoandex vivophagocytic potential of macrophages from progeny of breeder hens kept on ochratoxin A (OTA)-contaminated diet. J Immunotoxicol 2011; 9:64-71. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2011.635349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Choi EH, Kim DM, Choi SW, Eremin SA, Chun HS. Optimisation and validation of a fluorescence polarisation immunoassay for rapid detection of zearalenone in corn. Int J Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zahoor-ul-Hassan, Zargham Khan M, Kashif Saleemi M, Khan A, Javed I, Hussain A. Immunological status of White Leghorn chicks hatched from eggs inoculated with ochratoxin A (OTA). J Immunotoxicol 2011; 8:204-9. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2011.568020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Solanki PR, Kaushik A, Manaka T, Pandey MK, Iwamoto M, Agrawal VV, Malhotra BD. Self-assembled monolayer based impedimetric platform for food borne mycotoxin detection. NANOSCALE 2010; 2:2811-2817. [PMID: 20953508 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00289e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 11-amino-1-undecanethiol (AUT) has been fabricated onto a gold (Au) substrate to co-immobilize anti-ochratoxin-A antibodies (AO-IgGs) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to detect food borne mycotoxin [i.e., ochratoxin-A (OTA)]. AUT/Au electrode, AO-IgGs/AUT/Au immunoelectrode and BSA/IgGs/AUT/Au immunoelectrode have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical studies such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Electrochemical studies reveal that the AUT-SAM with NH2 groups provide favorable conditions to immobilize AO-IgGs with better orientation, resulting in enhanced electron transport to obtain improved sensing characteristics. The EIS response studies of the BSA/AO-IgGs/AUT/Au immunoelectrode obtained as a function of OTA concentration reveal that the value of the charge transfer resistance (RCT) increases with increased OTA concentration. The BSA/AO-IgGs/AUT/Au immunoelectrode exhibits linearity over 0.5-6.0 ng/dl, detection limit of 0.08 ng/dl using 3σb/m criteria, response time of 30 s and sensitivity of ∼36.83 Ω/ng dl(-1) cm(-2) with a regression coefficient of 0.999. Attempts have been made to monitor the change in RCT of BSA/AO-IgGs/AUT/Au immunoelectrode on addition of coffee samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Rathee Solanki
- Department of Science and Technology Centre on Biomolecular Electronics, National Physical Laboratory (Council of Scientific Industrial Research), Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Wang Z, Duan N, Hun X, Wu S. Electrochemiluminescent aptamer biosensor for the determination of ochratoxin A at a gold-nanoparticles-modified gold electrode using N-(aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol as a luminescent label. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:2125-32. [PMID: 20835816 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A highly selective electrochemiluminescent biosensor for the detection of target nephrotoxic toxin, ochratoxin A (OTA), was developed using a DNA aptamer as the recognition element and N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol (ABEI) as the signal-producing compound. The electrochemiluminescent aptamer biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing aptamer complementary DNA 1 sequence onto the surface of a gold-nanoparticle (AuNP)-modified gold electrode. ABEI-labeled aptamer DNA 2 sequence hybridized to DNA 1 and was utilized as an electrochemiluminescent probe. A decreased electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal was generated upon aptamer recognition of the target OTA, which induced the dissociation of DNA 2 (ABEI-labeled aptamer electrochemiluminescent probe) from DNA 1 and moved it far away from the electrode surface. Under the optimal conditions, the decreased ECL intensity was proportional to an OTA concentration ranging from 0.02 to 3.0 ng mL(-1), with a detection limit of 0.007 ng mL(-1). The relative standard deviation was 3.8% at 0.2 ng mL(-1) (n = 7). The proposed method has been applied to measure OTA in naturally contaminated wheat samples and validated by an official method. This work demonstrates the combination of a highly binding aptamer with a highly sensitive ECL technique to design an electrochemiluminescent biosensor, which is a very promising approach for the determination of small-molecule toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Yuan J, Deng D, Lauren DR, Aguilar MI, Wu Y. Surface plasmon resonance biosensor for the detection of ochratoxin A in cereals and beverages. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 656:63-71. [PMID: 19932816 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxins are a group of mycotoxins produced as secondary metabolites by fungi which contaminate a large variety of food and feed commodities. Due to their teratogenic and carcinogenic properties, ochratoxins present a serious hazard to human and animal health. There is an increasing need to establish a simple sensitive method to detect these toxins. Here we report a rapid and highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay of ochratoxin A (OTA) using Au nanoparticles for signal enhancement on a mixed self-assembled monolayer (mSAM) surface. A competitive immunoassay format was used for the development of the OTA immunoassay, which is based on the immobilization of target OTA through its ovalbumin (OVA) conjugate with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker. The new OTA conjugate (OTA-PEG-OVA) showed remarkably enhanced performance characteristics compared with those based on the immobilization of a commercial bovine serum albumin BSA-OTA conjugate without a PEG linker. Although OTA concentrations as low as 1.5 ng mL(-1) could be directly detected on this surface, the limit of detection (LOD) can be dramatically improved to 0.042 ng mL(-1) for OTA by applying large gold nanoparticles (40 nm) for signal enhancement. Various chemical conditions to minimize the influence of the food matrix on assay performance were also investigated. Grain samples were simply extracted with 50% methanol and liquid samples treated with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) (3 or 5%), without any sample clean-up or pre-concentration step prior to analysis. The LODs for OTA in oats and corn were 0.3 and 0.5 ng g(-1), respectively, while in wine and other beverages, LODs ranged from 0.058 to 0.4 ng mL(-1). No cross-reactivity was observed with three other common mycotoxins. In addition, the mSAM/OTA-PEG-OVA surface exhibited high stability with over 600 binding/regeneration cycles. This approach with simple sample preparation provides a powerful tool for the rapid and sensitive quantitative determination of OTA in food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Plant & Food Research Ruakura, Private Bag 3123, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
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Lai W, Fung DY, Yang X, Renrong L, Xiong Y. Development of a colloidal gold strip for rapid detection of ochratoxin A with mimotope peptide. Food Control 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Goryacheva IY, Rusanova TY, Burmistrova NA, De Saeger S. Immunochemical methods for the determination of mycotoxins. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934809080024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Recent advances in the development of novel materials for mycotoxin analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:1205-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Turner NW, Subrahmanyam S, Piletsky SA. Analytical methods for determination of mycotoxins: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 632:168-80. [PMID: 19110091 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are small (MW approximately 700), toxic chemical products formed as secondary metabolites by a few fungal species that readily colonise crops and contaminate them with toxins in the field or after harvest. Ochratoxins and Aflatoxins are mycotoxins of major significance and hence there has been significant research on broad range of analytical and detection techniques that could be useful and practical. Due to the variety of structures of these toxins, it is impossible to use one standard technique for analysis and/or detection. Practical requirements for high-sensitivity analysis and the need for a specialist laboratory setting create challenges for routine analysis. Several existing analytical techniques, which offer flexible and broad-based methods of analysis and in some cases detection, have been discussed in this manuscript. There are a number of methods used, of which many are lab-based, but to our knowledge there seems to be no single technique that stands out above the rest, although analytical liquid chromatography, commonly linked with mass spectroscopy is likely to be popular. This review manuscript discusses (a) sample pre-treatment methods such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), solid phase extraction (SPE), (b) separation methods such as (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE) and (c) others such as ELISA. Further currents trends, advantages and disadvantages and future prospects of these methods have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Turner
- Centre for Organic Electronics, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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