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Barbuddhe SB, Rawool DB, Doijad SP, Vergis J, Malik SS, Chakraborty T. Ecology of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria species in India: the occurrence, resistance to biocides, genomic landscape and biocontrol. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:2759-2780. [PMID: 34693631 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of listeriosis, has been implicated in increasing foodborne outbreaks worldwide. The disease is manifested in various forms ranging from severe sepsis in immune-compromised individuals, febrile gastroenteritis, still birth, abortions and meningoencephalitis. In India, data from studies on the detection and molecular epidemiological analysis of L. monocytogenes are only recently emerging. The presence of Listeria in different ecological niches has been recorded from India, including foods, soil, vegetables, mangrove swamps, seafood, freshwater fishes, clinical cases, and also insects. The organism has also been isolated from women with spontaneous abortions, miscarriage or recurrent obstetric history, aborted foetuses, animal clinical cases and wildlife samples. A novel species of Listeria has also been characterized. Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from clinical, environmental, and foods showed biofilm-forming abilities. Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b isolates of ST328, a predominant and unique ST observed in India, was repeatedly isolated from different sources, times, and geographical locations. Here, we reviewed the occurrence of Listeria in different sources in India, its resistance to biocides, and provide epidemiological analysis on its genomic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepak Bhiwa Rawool
- ICAR- National Research Centre on Meat, Chengicherla, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500092, India
| | - Swapnil Prakash Doijad
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Jess Vergis
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, 673576, India
| | - Satyaveer Singh Malik
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Giessen, 35392, Germany
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SKOWRON KRZYSZTOF, WAŁECKA-ZACHARKSA EWA, GRUDLEWSKA KATARZYNA, WIKTORCZYK NATALIA, KACZMAREK AGNIESZKA, GRYŃ GRZEGORZ, KWIECIŃSKA-PIRÓG JOANNA, JUSZCZUK KLAUDIA, PALUSZAK ZBIGNIEW, KOSEK-PASZKOWSKA KATARZYNA, GOSPODAREK-KOMKOWSKA EUGENIA. Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated from Milk and Humans and the Possibility of Milk-Borne Strains Transmission. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 68:353-369. [PMID: 31880881 PMCID: PMC7256720 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2019-038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is the etiological factor of listeriosis. The main source of these organisms is food, including dairy products. The aim was to determine the multiple correlations between the drug susceptibility, virulence genes (VGs), and biofilm formation on silicone teat cups of milk-borne and human L. monocytogenes strains. The spread of L. monocytogenes via contaminated teat rubbers was assessed. The L. monocytogenes strains recovered from milk (18), human blood (10), and the reference strain ATCC®19111™ were used in the study. Penicillin resistance was the most prevalent resistance in the milk isolates (n=8; 44.4%), whereas among clinical strains erythromycin resistance was predominating - (n=6; 60%). The most frequent VGs among strains isolated from milk were hlyA (100%) and plcB (100%) whereas in strains isolated from blood - hlyA (100%) and prfA (90%). All tested VGs were present in 50% of blood isolates and 11% of milk-borne strains. The strains isolated from milk formed a significantly stronger biofilm. The strains with more numerous virulence genes were resistant to more antibiotics and formed a stronger biofilm. It was shown that contaminated teat cups might contribute to the transmission of L. monocytogenes in the herd. It seems reasonable to monitor the occurrence of L. monocytogenes biofilm in a dairy processing environment. Listeria monocytogenes is the etiological factor of listeriosis. The main source of these organisms is food, including dairy products. The aim was to determine the multiple correlations between the drug susceptibility, virulence genes (VGs), and biofilm formation on silicone teat cups of milk-borne and human L. monocytogenes strains. The spread of L. monocytogenes via contaminated teat rubbers was assessed. The L. monocytogenes strains recovered from milk (18), human blood (10), and the reference strain ATCC®19111™ were used in the study. Penicillin resistance was the most prevalent resistance in the milk isolates (n=8; 44.4%), whereas among clinical strains erythromycin resistance was predominating – (n=6; 60%). The most frequent VGs among strains isolated from milk were hlyA (100%) and plcB (100%) whereas in strains isolated from blood – hlyA (100%) and prfA (90%). All tested VGs were present in 50% of blood isolates and 11% of milk-borne strains. The strains isolated from milk formed a significantly stronger biofilm. The strains with more numerous virulence genes were resistant to more antibiotics and formed a stronger biofilm. It was shown that contaminated teat cups might contribute to the transmission of L. monocytogenes in the herd. It seems reasonable to monitor the occurrence of L. monocytogenes biofilm in a dairy processing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- KRZYSZTOF SKOWRON
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum of L. Rydygier in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - EWA WAŁECKA-ZACHARKSA
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - KATARZYNA GRUDLEWSKA
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum of L. Rydygier in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - NATALIA WIKTORCZYK
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum of L. Rydygier in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - AGNIESZKA KACZMAREK
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum of L. Rydygier in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - GRZEGORZ GRYŃ
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Research Institute, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - JOANNA KWIECIŃSKA-PIRÓG
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum of L. Rydygier in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - KLAUDIA JUSZCZUK
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum of L. Rydygier in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - ZBIGNIEW PALUSZAK
- Department of Microbiology and Food Technology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - KATARZYNA KOSEK-PASZKOWSKA
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - EUGENIA GOSPODAREK-KOMKOWSKA
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum of L. Rydygier in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Skowron K, Wiktorczyk N, Grudlewska K, Wałecka-Zacharska E, Paluszak Z, Kruszewski S, Gospodarek-Komkowska E. Phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from fish and fish processing plants. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Tao T, Chen Q, Bie X, Lu F, Lu Z. Mining of novel species-specific primers for PCR detection of Listeria monocytogenes based on genomic approach. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:1955-66. [PMID: 26354019 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes in contaminated food is considered as a serious health threat for consumers due to its high mortality rate. The objective of this study was to obtain novel species-specific target-genes and primers for the molecular detection of L. monocytogenes using a comparative genomic approach. By comparative analysis of L. monocytogenes and non-L. monocytogenes genome sequences in the GenBank database with BLAST program, 26 specific target sequences were used as candidates and the primers were designed for L. monocytogenes species-specificity verification by using PCR assay. Finally, the three genes LMOf2365_0970, LMOf2365_2721 and mpl were identified to have L. monocytogenes species-specificity and be unique as detection targets for diagnostic application. The species-specific primer Lm8 of gene LMOf2365_0970, Lm13 of gene LMOf2365_2721 and Lm20 of gene mpl showed better specificity and sensitivity than the primers described previously. The PCR detection limits of the three specific primer sets were 430, 43, 4.3 fg/μL for genomic DNA, and 5 × 10(3), 50, 5 cfu/mL for pure culture of L. monocytogenes. There was no interference in specificity of detecting L. monocytogenes by co-culture with other foodborne pathogens in high concentration. Moreover, after 6-8 h of enrichment, L. monocytogenes in the artificially contaminated milk samples at an inoculum dose of 38 cfu/10 mL milk could be detected successfully with the studied three primers. Therefore, the three specific genes and primers can be applied to establish a novel rapid and accurate method for detecting L. monocytogenes in food materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiming Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Soni DK, Singh DV, Dubey SK. Pregnancy - associated human listeriosis: Virulence and genotypic analysis of Listeria monocytogenes from clinical samples. J Microbiol 2015; 53:653-60. [PMID: 26231373 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-015-5243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a life-threatening pathogen, poses severe risk during pregnancy, may cause abortion, fetal death or neonatal morbidity in terms of septicemia and meningitis. The present study aimed at characterizing L. monocytogenes isolated from pregnant women based on serotyping, antibiotic susceptibility, virulence genes, in vivo pathogenicity test and ERIC- and REP-PCR fingerprint analyses. The results revealed that out of 3700 human clinical samples, a total of 30 (0.81%) isolates [12 (0.80%) from placental bit (1500), 18 (0.81%) from vaginal swab (2200)] were positive for L. monocytogenes. All the isolates belonged to serogroup 4b, and were + ve for virulence genes tested i.e. inlA, inlC, inlJ, plcA, prfA, actA, hlyA, and iap. Based on the mice inoculation tests, 20 isolates showed 100% and 4 isolates 60% relative virulence while 6 isolates were non-pathogenic. Moreover, 2 and 10 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and cefoxitin, respectively, while the rest susceptible to other antibiotics used in this study. ERIC- and REP-PCR collectively depicted that the isolates from placental bit and vaginal swab had distinct PCR fingerprints except a few isolates with identical patterns. This study demonstrates prevalence of pathogenic strains mostly resistant to cefoxitin and/or ciprofloxacin. The results indicate the importance of isolating and characterizing the pathogen from human clinical samples as the pre-requisite for accurate epidemiological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Soni
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Phylogenetic analysis of the Listeria monocytogenes based on sequencing of 16S rRNA and hlyA genes. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:8219-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Shoukat S, Malik SVS, Rawool DB, Kumar A, Kumar S, Shrivastava S, Barbuddhe SB, Das DP, Das S. A Study on Detection of Pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes in Ovine’s of Kashmir Region Having Abortion or History of Abortion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-013-0228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Soni DK, Singh RK, Singh DV, Dubey SK. Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from Ganges water, human clinical and milk samples at Varanasi, India. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012. [PMID: 23201044 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes isolated from Ganges water, human clinical and milk samples were characterized by antibiotic susceptibility, serotype identification, detection of virulence genes and ERIC- and REP-PCR fingerprint analyses. All isolates were uniformly resistant to ampicillin, except two isolates, and showed variable resistance to gentamicin, cotrimoxazole, ofloxacin, rifampicin and tetracycline. Of the 20 isolates found positive for pathogens, seven (four human and three water isolates) belong to serogroups 4b, 4d and 4e; six (one human and five water isolates) belong to serogroups 1/2c and 3c; four milk isolates belong to serogroups 1/2b and 3b; and three milk isolates belong to serogroups 1/2a and 3a. Two water isolates, all human isolates, except one (Pb1) lacking inlJ gene, and three milk isolates possess inlA, inlC, plcA, prfA, actA, hlyA and iap genes. The remaining water and milk isolates showed variable presence of inlJ, plcA, prfA, and iap genes. ERIC- and REP-PCR based analyses collectively indicated that isolates of human clinical samples belong to identical or similar clone and isolates of water and milk samples belong to different clones. Overall study demonstrates the prevalence of pathogenic L. monocytogenes species in the environmental and clinical samples. Most of the isolates were resistant to commonly used antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra K Soni
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Kalekar S, Rodrigues J, D'Costa D, Doijad S, Ashok Kumar J, Malik SVS, Kalorey DR, Rawool DB, Hain T, Chakraborty T, Barbuddhe SB. Genotypic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from humans in India. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2011; 105:351-8. [PMID: 21929876 DOI: 10.1179/1364859411y.0000000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen associated with severe diseases in humans and animals. The genotypic analysis of 17 L. monocytogenes isolates recovered from humans in India during 2006-2009 using multiplex serotyping PCR allowing serovar predictions, conventional serology and by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is presented. The isolates were recovered from patients exhibiting various clinical conditions. A multiplex-PCR based serotyping assay revealed 88·24% (15/17) of the strains belonging to the serovar group 4b, 4d, 4e and 11·76% (2/17) to the serovar group 1/2b, 3b. Conventional serology indicated that 13 (76·47%) L. monocytogenes isolates to be of serotype 4b, 2 (11·76%) serotype 4d, and 2 (11·76%) serotype 1/2b. Ten ApaI and nine AscI pulsotypes were recognized among the 17 human isolates. PFGE analysis allowed discrimination among isolates of the same serotype and among isolates from the same sampling areas or those isolated from different areas. Thus, PFGE together with multiplex-PCR serotyping allows rapid discrimination of L. monocytogenes strains. In addition, the predominance of L. monocytogenes serotype 4b is of concern, as this serotype has been most frequently associated with human listeriosis outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kalekar
- ICAR Research Complex for Goa, Ela, Old Goa, India
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Barbuddhe SB, Malik SVS, Kumar JA, Kalorey DR, Chakraborty T. Epidemiology and risk management of listeriosis in India. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 154:113-8. [PMID: 21955732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can cause serious invasive illness, mainly in certain well-defined high-risk groups, including elderly and immunocompromised patients, pregnant women, newborns and infants. In India, this pathogen has been isolated from humans, animals and foods. The incidence of Listeria is generally comparable to those reported elsewhere in the world. In humans, maternal/neonatal listeriosis is the most common clinical form reported. Among animal populations, spontaneous abortions, subclinical mastitis, meningoencephalitis and endometritis were the commonest forms reported. The disease largely remains undiagnosed and under reported. From reported analyses of a variety of foods for Listeria, milk and milk products, meat and meat products, seafood and vegetables have been reported to be contaminated in India. The legal framework for microbiological safety of foods against microbes including L. monocytogenes is summarised. The epidemiological studies would help in understanding of the sources of infection and persistence and their risk assessment, routes of transmission, clinical forms and allow for better management of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Barbuddhe
- ICAR Research Complex for Goa, Ela, Old Goa 403402, India.
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Zunabovic M, Domig KJ, Kneifel W. Practical relevance of methodologies for detecting and tracing of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods and manufacture environments – A review. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Awaisheh SS. Incidence and contamination level of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. in ready-to-eat meat products in Jordan. J Food Prot 2010; 73:535-40. [PMID: 20202341 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.3.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the incidence and contamination levels of different Listeria monocytogenes serovars in ready-to-eat meat products (RTE-MP) collected from different outlets and processing plants in Jordan in order (i) to provide information to Jordanian health authorities on the incidence of L. monocytogenes in RTE-MP sold and consumed in Jordan and (ii) to ascertain the risks of these products for consumers. Two hundred forty RTE-MP samples, 120 beef and 120 poultry, were analyzed. European International Organization for Standardization (EN ISO) 11290-1 and -2 standard protocols were used for detection and enumeration of L. monocytogenes. The identity of suspected L. monocytogenes was confirmed using PCR. Three Listeria spp., L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, and L. welshimeri, were isolated. L. innocua and L. welshimeri were the most and least frequently isolated with 56 and 36 samples, respectively. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 41 samples (17.1%): 23 from beef and 18 from poultry samples. The contamination levels of L. monocytogenes were <or=100 CFU/g in 97.5% (40 samples) of the positive samples. Only one beef sample with a count of >100 CFU/g was found. The L. monocytogenes strains isolated fell into two serotypes (1 and 4) and four different serovars (1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b).
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Awaisheh
- Food Microbiology and Safety Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Mu'tah University, Karak, Jordan, 71610.
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Aurora R, Prakash A, Prakash S. Genotypic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from milk and ready-to-eat indigenous milk products. Food Control 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Böttcher T, Sieber S. β-Lactones Decrease the Intracellular Virulence ofListeria monocytogenesin Macrophages. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:1260-3. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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