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Fang Z, Zhou X, Wang X, Shi X. Development of a 3-plex droplet digital PCR for identification and absolute quantification of Salmonella and its two important serovars in various food samples. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Arnold K, Lim S, Rakler T, Rovira A, Satuchne C, Yechezkel E, Wiseman A, Pima Y, Yakunin E, Rokney A, Elnekave E. Using genetic markers for detection and subtyping of the emerging Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Muenchen. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102181. [PMID: 36215738 PMCID: PMC9554807 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) poses a global threat to public health. Poultry, one of the main reservoirs of NTS, is usually not clinically affected by most NTS, yet the economic losses to the poultry industry due to control and mitigation efforts, and due to negative publicity can be tremendous. NTS strains are routinely characterized into serotypes in a time-consuming, labor-intensive multistep process that requires skilled personnel. Moreover, the discriminatory power of serotyping is limited compared to other subtyping methods. Whole-genome sequence data enable the identification of genetic variation within serotypes. However, sequencing is often limited by available resources, and analyzing and interpreting the genetic data may be time-consuming. Source tracing during epidemiological outbreak investigations requires rapid and efficient characterization of strains to control pathogen spread. Here we designed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of genetic variants of Salmonella Muenchen, a serotype that has emerged in Israel in the last 3 yr in both clinical human cases and different hosts. Test sensitivity of 99.21% and specificity of 94 to 100% were determined using in-silico PCR with a dataset of 18,282 NTS assemblies from 37 NTS serotypes. Similarly, test sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 96.2 to 100% were determined in-vitro with 120 NTS isolates of 52 serotypes. Moreover, the test enabled differentiation between the common sequence types of serotype Muenchen using both approaches. As opposed to traditional serotyping and other subtyping methods, the designed test allows for rapid and cost-efficient detection of the emerging S. Muenchen serotype and its variants in a single step. Future development of similar assays for other dominant serotypes may help reduce the time and cost required for detection and initial characterization of dominant NTS strains. Overall, these tests will be beneficial to both public health and for reducing of the economic losses to the poultry industry due to NTS infections.
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Shang Y, Ye Q, Wu Q, Xiang X, Zha F, Du M, Zhang J. Novel multiplex PCR assays for rapid identification of Salmonella serogroups B, C1, C2, D, E, S. enteritidis, and S. typhimurium. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1445-1453. [PMID: 35332354 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay02163j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses caused by Salmonella represent a significant public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to establish multiplex PCR (mPCR) for the rapid identification of Salmonella serogroups B, C1, C2, D, and E as well as for the serovars enteritidis and typhimurium. Employing pan-genome analysis and PCR verification, B-rfbJ, C1-9679, C2-pimB, D-rfbJ, E-rfbC, and four genes (SE18636, SE16574, SE2599, and SE13329) were identified as specific target genes for Salmonella serogroups B, C1, C2, D, E, and S. enteritidis, respectively. Thereafter, three novel mPCR assays (one of 3-mPCR and two of 2-mPCR) were successfully developed to identify these bacteria based on the target genes and another S. typhimurium-specific STM4495 gene. The primers targeting C1-9679, C2-pimB, and E-rfbC genes specific to the serogroups C1, C2, and E, respectively, constituted a 3-mPCR, while the other two 2-mPCRs, respectively, consisting primers specific to serogroup D and S. enteritidis (D-rfbJ and SE16574), and serogroup B and S. typhimurium-specific primers (B-rfbJ and STM4495), were also designed. The specificity of each mPCR was further evaluated by using non-target strains. The detection limits of mPCRs were approximately 103-104 CFU mL-1 in pure culture and 104-105 CFU g-1 in spiked chicken meat. In addition, mPCR assays could correctly detect target Salmonella in food samples. These results suggest that specific targets could be mined efficiently through a pan-genome analysis tool, and the novel mPCR assays developed in this study offer a promising technique for rapid and accurate detection of five serogroups of Salmonella (B, C1, C2, D, and E) and two serovars (S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, PR China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Qinghua Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, PR China.
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, PR China.
| | - Xinran Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, PR China.
| | - Fei Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Centre for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Food Safety, Joint International Research Laboratory on Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Mingzhu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Centre for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Food Safety, Joint International Research Laboratory on Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, PR China.
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Ligong Z, Hongxia L, Junjie L, Lu Z, Bie X. A duplex real-time NASBA assay targeting serotype-specific gene for rapid detection of viable S. enterica serovar Paratyphi C in retail foods of animal origin. Can J Microbiol 2022; 68:259-268. [PMID: 35025610 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovars Paratyphi C is highly adapted to humans and can cause a typhoid-like disease with high mortality rates. In this study, three serovar-specific genes were determined for S. Paratyphi C, SPC_0871,SPC_0872, and SPC_0908, by comparative genomics method. Based on SPC_0908 and xcd gene for testing Salmonella spp., we have developed a duplex real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (real-time NASBA) with molecular beacon approach for simultaneous detection of viable cells of Salmonella spp. and serotype Paratyphi C. The test selectively and consistently detected 53 Salmonella spp. (representing 31 serotypes) and 18 non-Salmonella strains. Additionally, the method showed high resistance to interference by natural background flora in pork and chicken samples. The sensitivity of the established approach was determined to be 4.89 CFU/25 g in artificially contaminated pork and chicken samples after pre-enrichment. We propose this NASBA-based protocol as a potential detection method for Salmonella spp. and serotype Paratyphi C in food of animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhai Ligong
- Anhui Science and Technology University, 177515, Bengbu, China, 233100;
| | - Liu Hongxia
- Ministry of Agriculture of China, Nanjing, China;
| | - Li Junjie
- Nanjing Agricultural University, 70578, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- Colleges of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- Colleges of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
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Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium Isolated from Laying Hens, Table Eggs, and Humans with Respect to Antimicrobial Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123554. [PMID: 34944331 PMCID: PMC8698057 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Salmonella enterica are common foodborne pathogens that cause gastrointestinal signs in a wide range of unrelated host species including poultry and humans. The overuse of antibiotics as therapeutic agents and growth promoters in the poultry industry has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms. Thus, there is a need to find alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Recently, the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have shown an excellent antimicrobial activity. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial, antivirulent, and antiresistant activities of the biosynthesized AgNPs on the MDR and virulent S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium isolated from laying hens, table eggs, and humans. The obtained results indicated that AgNPs have the potential to be effective antimicrobial agents against MDR S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium and could be recommended for use in laying hen farms. Abstract Salmonella enterica is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness worldwide. Contaminated poultry products, especially meat and eggs are the main sources of human salmonellosis. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profiles, virulence, and resistance genes of Salmonella Enteritidis (S. enteritidis) and Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) isolated from laying hens, table eggs, and humans, in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The antimicrobial activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) was also evaluated. Salmonella spp. were found in 19.3% of tested samples with laying hens having the highest isolation rate (33.1%). S. Enteritidis) (5.8%), and S. Typhimurium (2.8%) were the dominant serotypes. All isolates were ampicillin resistant (100%); however, none of the isolates were meropenem resistant. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) was detected in 83.8% of the isolates with a multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.21 to 0.57. Most isolates (81.1%) had at least three virulence genes (sopB, stn, and hilA) and none of the isolates harbored the pefA gene; four resistance genes (blaTEM, tetA, nfsA, and nfsB) were detected in 56.8% of the examined isolates. The AgNPs biosynthesized by Aspergillus niveus exhibit an absorption peak at 420 nm with an average size of 27 nm. AgNPs had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 5 µg/mL against S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium isolates and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 6 and 8 µg/mL against S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium isolates, respectively. The bacterial growth and gene expression of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium isolates treated with AgNPs were gradually decreased as storage time was increased. In conclusion, this study indicates that S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium isolated from laying hens, table eggs, and humans exhibits resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes. The biosynthesized AgNPs showed potential antimicrobial activity against MDR S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium isolates. However, studies to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness of the biosynthesized AgNPs in laying hen farms are warranted.
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Nurjanah S, Rahayu WP, Dewanti-Hariyadi R, Asthiti NGAMW, Melati RP. SIMPLEKS DAN MULTIPLEKS PRE-ENRICHMENT-PCR UNTUK DETEKSI Salmonella Enteritidis DAN Typhimurium PADA KARKAS AYAM. JURNAL TEKNOLOGI DAN INDUSTRI PANGAN 2021. [DOI: 10.6066/jtip.2021.32.2.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A PCR assay has been developed and applied to detect Salmonella contamination in chicken carcasses. However, a concentration fewer than 3 cells per gram lead to false-negative results due to difficulties in the DNA extraction. The objective of this study was to evaluate of the influence of pre-enrichment on the sensitivity of simplex and multiplex PCR methods the detection of for Salmonella spp., S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium in chicken carcasses. Artificial contamination was done using very low number of Salmonella Hadar, S. Enteritidis dan S. Typhimurium and pre-enrichment was carried out by 8 hours incubation in non-selective (BPW) medium. The results showed that simplex PCR could detect Salmonella spp., S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium at initial numbers of 2.3, 0.9 and 2.3 MPN/mL of cells in broth medium, respectively. A multiplex PCR could detect mixed culture of the three Salmonella serovars at an initial number of 0.73 MPN/mL of cells. When compared to non-enrichment treatment, simplex pre-enrichment-PCR gave an increase in the percentage of positive results in chicken carcasses (n= 12), from 75 to 100% for Salmonella spp., from 8 to 58% for S. Typhimurium, and from 58 to 75% for S. Enteritidis. Increasing in the positive percentage was also occurred at multiplex pre-enrichment-PCR, however the concentration of S. Enteritidis primer was not optimum for detection. Pre-enrichment step significantly increases the sensitivity of PCR-based assay for detection Salmonella.
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Yang SM, Kim E, Kim D, Kim HB, Baek J, Ko S, Kim D, Yoon H, Kim HY. Rapid Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for Salmonella Serotyping Based on Novel Unique Gene Markers by Pangenome Analysis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:750379. [PMID: 34621261 PMCID: PMC8491608 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.750379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate diagnostic method for Salmonella serovars is fundamental to preventing the spread of associated diseases. A diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method has proven to be an effective tool for detecting pathogenic bacteria. However, the gene markers currently used in real-time PCR to detect Salmonella serovars have low specificity and are developed for only a few serovars. Therefore, in this study, we explored the novel unique gene markers for 60 serovars that share similar antigenic formulas and show high prevalence using pangenome analysis and developed a real-time PCR to detect them. Before exploring gene markers, the 535 Salmonella genomes were evaluated, and some genomes had serovars different from the designated serovar information. Based on these analyses, serovar-specific gene markers were explored. These markers were identified as genes present in all strains of target serovar genomes but absent in strains of other serovar genomes. Serovar-specific primer pairs were designed from the gene markers, and a real-time PCR method that can distinguish between 60 of the most common Salmonella serovars in a single 96-well plate assay was developed. As a result, real-time PCR showed 100% specificity for 199 Salmonella and 29 non-Salmonella strains. Subsequently, the method developed was applied successfully to both strains with identified serovars and an unknown strain, demonstrating that real-time PCR can accurately detect serovars of strains compared with traditional serotyping methods, such as antisera agglutination. Therefore, our method enables rapid and economical Salmonella serotyping compared with the traditional serotyping method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Min Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Eiseul Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Dayoung Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Be Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Baek
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seyoung Ko
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea.,School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Donghyuk Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea.,School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hyunjin Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
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El-Sheikh SMA, Abd El-Alim AEAF, Ibrahim HA, Mobarez EA, El-Sayed WA, Galal AAA, Awad NFS. Chitosan propolis nanocomposite alone or in combination with apramycin: an alternative therapy for multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in rabbits: in vitro and in vivo study. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 34612810 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium strains has increased the need for safe, alternative therapies from natural sources with antibacterial properties.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. There are no published data regarding the use of chitosan propolis nanocomposite (CPNP) either alone or in combination with antibiotics as antimicrobials against S. Typhimurium, especially in Egypt.Aim. This study evaluated the antibacterial activities of five antimicrobials [apramycin, propolis, chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs), chitosan propolis nanocomposite (CPNP) and CPNP +apramycin] against ten virulent and multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Typhimurium field strains recovered from diarrheic rabbits through in vitro and in vivo study.Methodology. The expression levels of three virulence genes of S. Typhimurium strains were determined by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) after exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of apramycin, propolis, CNPs, CPNP alone, and CPNP +apramycin. Additionally, 90 New Zealand rabbits were divided into control and experimentally S. Typhimurium-infected groups. The infected rabbits were orally administered saline solution (infected-untreated); 10 mg apramycin/kg (infected-apramycin-treated); 50 mg propolis/kg (infected-propolis-treated); 15 mg CPNP/kg (infected-CPNP-treated) and 15 mg CPNP +10 mg apramycin/kg (infected-CPNP +apramycin-treated) for 5 days.Results. The RT-qPCR analysis revealed different degrees of downregulation of all screened genes. Furthermore, the treatment of infected rabbits with CPNP or CPNP +apramycin significantly improved performance parameters, and total bacterial and Salmonella species counts, while also modulating both oxidative stress and altered liver and kidney parameters.Conclusion. This work demonstrates the use of CPNP alone or in combination with apramycin in the treatment of S. Typhimurium in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan M A El-Sheikh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Hosny A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Walaa A El-Sayed
- Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig branch, 44516, ARC, Egypt
| | - Azza A A Galal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
| | - Naglaa F S Awad
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Zhou X, Liu B, Liu Y, Shi C, Fratamico PM, Zhang L, Wang D, Zhang J, Cui Y, Xu P, Shi X. Two homologous Salmonella serogroup C1-specific genes are required for flagellar motility and cell invasion. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:507. [PMID: 34225670 PMCID: PMC8259012 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella is a major bacterial pathogen associated with a large number of outbreaks of foodborne diseases. Many highly virulent serovars that cause human illness belong to Salmonella serogroup C1, and Salmonella ser. Choleraesuis is a prominent cause of invasive infections in Asia. Comparative genomic analysis in our previous study showed that two homologous genes, SC0368 and SC0595 in Salmonella ser. Choleraesuis were unique to serogroup C1. In this study, two single-deletion mutants (Δ0368 and Δ0595) and one double-deletion mutant (Δ0368Δ0595) were constructed based on the genome. All these mutants and the wild-type strain were subjected to RNA-Seq analysis to reveal functional relationships of the two serogroup C1-specific genes. Results Data from RNA-Seq indicated that deletion of SC0368 resulted in defects in motility through repression of σ28 in flagellar regulation Class 3. Consistent with RNA-Seq data, results from transmission electron microcopy (TEM) showed that flagella were not present in △0368 and △0368△0595 mutants resulting in both swimming and swarming defects. Interestingly, the growth rates of two non-motile mutants △0368 and △0368△0595 were significantly greater than the wild-type, which may be associated with up-regulation of genes encoding cytochromes, enhancing bacterial proliferation. Moreover, the △0595 mutant was significantly more invasive in Caco-2 cells as shown by bacterial enumeration assays, and the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core synthesis-related genes (rfaB, rfaI, rfaQ, rfaY, rfaK, rfaZ) was down-regulated only in the △0368△0595 mutant. In addition, this study also speculated that these two genes might be contributing to serotype conversion for Salmonella C1 serogroup based on their apparent roles in biosynthesis of LPS and the flagella. Conclusion A combination of biological and transcriptomic (RNA-Seq) analyses has shown that the SC0368 and SC0595 genes are involved in biosynthesis of flagella and complete LPS, as well as in bacterial growth and virulence. Such information will aid to revealing the role of these specific genes in bacterial physiology and evolution within the serogroup C1. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07759-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhou
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA
| | - Chunlei Shi
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pina M Fratamico
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA
| | - Lida Zhang
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan Cui
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ping Xu
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xianming Shi
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Ye Q, Shang Y, Chen M, Pang R, Li F, Wang C, Xiang X, Zhou B, Zhang S, Zhang J, Wu S, Xue L, Ding Y, Wu Q. Identification of new serovar-specific detection targets against salmonella B serogroup using large-scale comparative genomics. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ye Q, Shang Y, Chen M, Pang R, Li F, Xiang X, Zhou B, Wang C, Zhang S, Zhang J, Wang J, Xue L, Ding Y, Wu Q. Mining and evaluating novel serovar-specific Salmonella C1 serogroup genes by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ye Q, Shang Y, Chen M, Pang R, Li F, Xiang X, Wang C, Zhou B, Zhang S, Zhang J, Yang X, Xue L, Ding Y, Wu Q. Identification of Novel Sensitive and Reliable Serovar-Specific Targets for PCR Detection of Salmonella Serovars Hadar and Albany by Pan-Genome Analysis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:605984. [PMID: 33815306 PMCID: PMC8011537 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.605984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate and rapid classification of Salmonella serovars is an essential focus for the identification of isolates involved in disease in humans and animals. The purpose of current research was to identify novel sensitive and reliable serovar-specific targets and to develop PCR method for Salmonella C2 serogroups (O:8 epitopes) in food samples to facilitate timely treatment. A total of 575 genomic sequences of 16 target serovars belonging to serogroup C2 and 150 genomic sequences of non-target serovars were analysed by pan-genome analysis. As a result, four and three specific genes were found for serovars Albany and Hadar, respectively. Primer sets for PCR targeting these serovar-specific genes were designed and evaluated based on their specificity; the results showed high specificity (100%). The sensitivity of the specific PCR was 2.8 × 101–103 CFU/mL and 2.3 × 103–104 CFU/mL for serovars Albany and Hadar, respectively, and the detection limits were 1.04 × 103–104 CFU/g and 1.16 × 104–105 CFU/g in artificially contaminated raw pork samples. Furthermore, the potential functions of these serovar-specific genes were analysed; all of the genes were functionally unknown, except for one specific serovar Albany gene known to be a encoded secreted protein and one specific gene for serovars Hadar and Albany that is a encoded membrane protein. Thus, these findings demonstrate that pan-genome analysis is a precious method for mining new high-quality serovar-targets for PCR assays or other molecular methods that are highly sensitive and can be used for rapid detection of Salmonella serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinran Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chufang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoqing Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Jinan University, Institute of Food Safety & Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Hassan HM, Fadel MA, Soliman MA. Evaluation of a modified method of extraction, purification, and characterization of lipopolysaccharide (O antigen) from Salmonella Typhimurium. Vet World 2020; 13:2338-2345. [PMID: 33363324 PMCID: PMC7750214 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2338-2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an integral part of the outer cell membrane complex of Gram-negative bacteria. It plays an important role in the induction and stimulation of the immune system. Various LPS purification protocols have been developed. However, analysis of their efficacy is limited by contamination during downstream applications or the public health hazard of LPS. The aim of this study was to evaluate a modified method for extracting LPS as well as assess the purity of the extracted LPS by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Further, we evaluated its immunopotentiating function by measuring the relative RNA expression levels of splenic immune-related genes such as interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), after intramuscular injection of increasing concentrations of the extracted LPS in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chick. Materials and Methods: Isolation, identification, and serotyping of Salmonella Typhimurium were performed using chicken flocks. We then performed molecular typing of Salmonella isolates using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A new protocol for purification of LPS from Salmonella isolate (S. Typhimurium) was conducted. HPLC analysis of the extracted LPS in the current study was compared to existing methods. An in vivo study was performed to evaluate the ability of LPS to induce an immune response by measuring relative IFN-γ and IL-1β gene expression after injecting increasing concentrations of the extracted LPS into SPF chicks. Results: Isolation and serotyping revealed that Salmonella enterica was of the serovar Typhimurium. Confirmation was conducted by molecular typing through conventional PCR. Fractionation of the LPS extract by HPLC revealed a high degree of purity comparable with standard commercial LPS. These results demonstrate the high purity of extracted LPS based on our modified method using propanol and sodium hydroxide mixture. Intramuscular injection of the extracted LPS in 22 day-old SPF chicks, compared to the negative control, revealed significant upregulation of IFN-γ and slight downregulation of IL-1β. Conclusion: The new modified method can be used for high purity LPS extraction and demonstrates effective immunopotentiating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Hassan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center ARC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai A Fadel
- Pharmacology and Pyrogen Unit, Department of Chemistry, Toxicology and Food Deficiency, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Soliman
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center ARC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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14
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Liu B, Hou W, Li K, Chen Q, Liu Y, Yue T. Specific gene SEN1393 contributes to higher survivability of Salmonella Enteritidis in egg white by regulating sulfate assimilation pathway. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 337:108927. [PMID: 33152571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) presents an excellent capacity to survive in egg white, which is a hostile environment for bacterial growth. To reveal its survival mechanism, this study focuses on the specific gene SEN1393, which has been found to exist only in the genomic sequence of S. Enteritidis. The survival capacity of the deletion mutant strain ΔSEN1393 was proven to be significantly reduced after incubation in egg white. RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR results demonstrate that the expression levels of 19 genes were up-regulated, while the expression levels of 9 genes were down-regulated in egg white. These genes were classified into 6 groups based on their functional categories, namely the sulfate assimilation pathway, arginine biosynthesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the fimbrial protein, the transport and chelation of metal ion, and others (sctT, rhs, and pspG). The strain ΔSEN1393 was deduced to damage FeS cluster enzymes and increase the sulfate and iron requirements, and to reduce bacterial motility and copper homeostasis. Via InterProScan analysis, the gene SEN1393 was speculated to encode a TerB-like and/or DjlA-like protein, and therefore, together with cysJ, possibly reduced the oxidative toxicities resulting from oxyanions such as tellurite, and/or improved CysPUWA conformation to restrain the uptake of the toxic oxyanions. In summary, the gene SEN1393 enabled the higher survival of S. Enteritidis in egg white as compared to other pathogens by regulating the sulfate assimilation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China; National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test, Yangling, China.
| | - Wanwan Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China; National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test, Yangling, China
| | - Ke Li
- Zhejiang Academy of Science & Technology for Inspection & Quarantine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China; National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test, Yangling, China
| | - Yaxin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China; National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test, Yangling, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China; National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test, Yangling, China
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15
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Zeinali T, Naseri K, Zandi N, Khosravi M. Screening of Salmonella enterica Serovars, Typhi, Typhimurium, and Enteritidis in Raw Milk and Dairy Products in South-Khorasan, Iran: Conventional versus Molecular Method. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401315666191010130113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective:
Food-borne Salmonellosis has been reported as the second
most common bacterial infection. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype enteritidis (S. Enteritidis)
and S. enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) are the most common
serotypes worldwide as salmonellosis agents. Salmonella yyphi is the causative agent of typhoid fever
worldwide. The purpose of the present study was to determine the contamination rate of raw milk
and dairy products to Salmonella typhi, S. typhimurium and S. Enteritidis in South-Khorasan, Iran. It
is very important in food safety risk assessment and human health.
Methods:
A total of 260 raw milk and 181 dairy products were obtained from South-Khorasan, Iran.
Dairy samples were pre-enriched in buffered peptone water and enriched in Rappaport Vassiliadis
(RV). Raw milk was enriched in RV. Plating of the enriched samples was carried out on Xylose
Lysine Desoxycholate (XLD) agar and Brilliant Green agar (BGA). All of the enriched samples were
also tested by M-PCR for detection of S. typhi, S. typhimurium and S. Enteritidis.
Results:
Among the 441 tested samples only 4 samples were contaminated with Salmonella spp. in
culture method. PCR assay, didn’t find any positive sample regarding Salmonella spp. In chi-square
test, the difference of two methods of isolation was significant (P< 0.05).
Conclusions:
In conclusion, the results of the present study showed a good hygienic state of raw milk
and dairy products. Enrichment based PCR assay is more economical than time-consuming culture
method for Salmonella detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Zeinali
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Kobra Naseri
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nasrin Zandi
- Research laboratory, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Matin Khosravi
- Food and drug Organization, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Salmonella Typhimurium Triggered Unilateral Epididymo-Orchitis and Splenomegaly in a Holstein Bull in Assiut, Egypt: A Case Report. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040314. [PMID: 32344573 PMCID: PMC7238186 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This report illustrates, for the first time, a case of unilateral orchitis and epididymitis in a Holstein-Friesian bull, associated with Salmonella enterica infection (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium). A one and a half-year-old Holstein-Friesian bull had arrived at the Veterinary Hospital of Assiut University suffering from anorexia accompanied with persistent fever, which did not respond to oxytetracycline and flunixin meglumine injection for 15 days. Gross examination revealed left scrotal enlargement (three times its normal size), heat sensation, and induration of the testis and epididymis, which was painful on external palpation. Microbiological and pathological examinations of the left testicle, epididymis, and spleen samples were performed. S. Typhimurium was recovered from the affected tissues and its critical virulence genes (stn, avrA and sopB) were identified. Pathological examination revealed a unilateral necrotizing intratubular pyogranulomatus orchitis and epididymitis with severe peri-orchitis. In addition, splenomegaly with a firm and large whitish nodular capsular structure associated with different stages of granulomatous reaction around the white and red pulp. To the authors' knowledge, this report is the first isolation of S. Typhimurium from the epididymis and testicles of a Holstein-Friesian bull. These results highlight the importance of including S. Typhimurium among the health disorders associated with stressful situations in bovine with orchitis and or/epididymitis. In Egypt, Salmonella spp. infection as being enzootic with high probability of dissemination should be considered one of genital health problems among cattle farms.
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17
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Du H, Li Z, Wang Y, Yang Q, Wu W. Nanomaterial-based Optical Biosensors for the Detection of Foodborne Bacteria. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1740733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaojie Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingli Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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18
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Xu J, Zhang P, Zhuang L, Zhang D, Qi K, Dou X, Wang C, Gong J. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction to detectSalmonellaserovars Indiana, Enteritidis, and Typhimurium in raw meat. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiao Xu
- Poultry InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Poultry InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Linlin Zhuang
- Poultry InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Di Zhang
- Poultry InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Kezong Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease ControlAnhui Agricultural University Hefei Anhui China
| | - Xinhong Dou
- Poultry InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of PathobiologyAuburn University College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn Alabama
| | - Jiansen Gong
- Poultry InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Yangzhou Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonoseYangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
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19
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Kim TH, Hwang HJ, Kim JH. Ultra-Fast On-Site Molecular Detection of Foodborne Pathogens Using a Combination of Convection Polymerase Chain Reaction and Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Immunoassay. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:144-151. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Rapid detection and differentiation of Salmonella species, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis by multiplex quantitative PCR. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206316. [PMID: 30359449 PMCID: PMC6201931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) was developed and evaluated for the simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and S. enterica serovar Enteritidis in various (food) matrices. Early and fast detection of these pathogens facilitates effective intervention and prevents further distribution of contaminated food products on the market. Three primer and probe sets were designed to target the invA gene, the STM4200 gene, and the SEN1392 gene to detect and differentiate Salmonella spp., S. Typhimurium, and S. Enteritidis, respectively. The multiplex qPCR targeting these three genes was optimized for efficiency and linearity. By testing 225 Salmonella isolates and 34 non-Salmonella isolates from various sources the inclusivity and exclusivity were determined. The inclusivity of the multiplex qPCR was 100% for all Salmonella isolates, including 72 S. Typhimurium isolates, and 53 S. Enteritidis isolates. The exclusivity for Salmonella spp., S. Typhimurium, and S. Enteritidis was 100%, 94.6%, and 100%, respectively. No positive results were reported for non-Salmonella isolates. The limit of detection (LOD) for the qPCR was determined for the matrices poultry, minced meat, egg, herbs/spices, powdered milk, fish, animal feed, boot-socks with chicken feces and chicken down. LOD values for qPCR and the conventional culture methods were similar, except for the matrix boot-socks and down, for which the LOD for the conventional culture methods performed better than the qPCR method. In conclusion, the multiplex qPCR assay developed allows for rapid screening of Salmonella spp., S. Typhimurium, and S. Enteritidis in various (food) matrices.
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21
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Zhou X, Xu L, Xu X, Zhu Y, Suo Y, Shi C, Shi X. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Enteritidis from Retail Chicken Products in Shanghai, China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:346-352. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhou
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xu
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuding Zhu
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujuan Suo
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Shi
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianming Shi
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Akyol I. Development and application of RTi-PCR method for common food pathogen presence and quantity in beef, sheep and chicken meat. Meat Sci 2018; 137:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Jung YL, Lee CY, Park JH, Park KS, Park HG. A signal-on, colorimetric determination of deoxyribonuclease I activity utilizing the photoinduced synthesis of gold nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4339-4343. [PMID: 29445785 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09542b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A simple, colorimetric method is developed for the determination of deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) activity based on the novel finding that DNase I can promote the photoinduced synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In the absence of DNase I, a phosphorothioate (PS) DNA probe remains intact and captures Au(iii) through a strong Au-thiol interaction, which prevents the photoinduced synthesis of AuNPs, leaving the sample in a colorless state. On the other hand, in the presence of DNase I, the PS DNA probe is cleaved into small fragments that are removed via a simple purification process. The resulting solution, after the incubation with HAuCl4 and threonine (Thr), forms AuNPs by UV light irradiation with the aid of Thr which acts as a catalyst for the Au(iii) reduction process. As a result, a red-colored suspension is produced. By monitoring the color changes of the samples with the naked eye, the DNase I activity was conveniently determined. In addition, the clinical utility of this simple, yet highly efficient colorimetric strategy was verified by reliably quantifying the DNase I activities in a bovine urine sample. Importantly, the working principle designed for the determination of DNase I activity was successfully expanded for the detection of target nucleic acids, ensuring the universal applicability of the developed assay system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lim Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK 21+ program), KAIST, Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Azinheiro S, Carvalho J, Prado M, Garrido-Maestu A. Evaluation of Different Genetic Targets for Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteriditis and Typhimurium, Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal AMPlification for Detection in Food Samples. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2018.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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25
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Kim TH, Hwang HJ, Kim JH. Development of a Novel, Rapid Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection and Differentiation of Salmonella enterica Serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium Using Ultra-Fast Convection Polymerase Chain Reaction. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:580-586. [PMID: 28696782 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium are the most common causative agents of human nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The rapid detection and timely treatment of salmonellosis are important to increase the curative ratio and prevent spreading of the disease. In this study, we developed a rapid multiplex convection polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect Salmonella spp. and differentiate Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium. We used the invA gene for Salmonella spp. detection. Salmonella Enteritidis-specific primers and Salmonella Typhimurium-specific primers were designed using the insertion element (IE) and spy genes, respectively. The primer set for Salmonella spp. detection clearly detected both Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium after a 21-min amplification reaction. Serovar-specific primer sets for Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium specifically detected each target species in a 21-min amplification reaction. We were able to detect Salmonella spp. at a single copy level in the singleplex mode. The limits of detection for Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium were 30 copies in both the singleplex and multiplex modes. The PCR run time could be reduced to 10.5 min/15 cycles. The multiplex convection PCR method developed in this study could detect the Salmonella spp. Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium in artificially contaminated milk with as few as 100 colony-forming unit/mL after 4-h enrichment. The PCR assay developed in this study provides a rapid, specific, and sensitive method for the detection of Salmonella spp. and the differentiation of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Kim
- 1 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jeong Hee Kim
- 1 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Korea.,3 Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Korea
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26
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Xiong D, Song L, Tao J, Zheng H, Zhou Z, Geng S, Pan Z, Jiao X. An Efficient Multiplex PCR-Based Assay as a Novel Tool for Accurate Inter-Serovar Discrimination of Salmonella Enteritidis, S. Pullorum/Gallinarum and S. Dublin. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:420. [PMID: 28360901 PMCID: PMC5352712 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis, Pullorum/Gallinarum, and Dublin are infectious pathogens causing serious problems for pig, chicken, and cattle production, respectively. Traditional serotyping for Salmonella is costly and labor-intensive. Here, we established a rapid multiplex PCR method to simultaneously identify three prevalent Salmonella serovars Enteritidis, Pullorum/Gallinarum, and Dublin individually for the first time. The multiplex PCR-based assay focuses on three genes tcpS, lygD, and flhB. Gene tcpS exists only in the three Salmonella serovars, and lygD exists only in S. Enteritidis, while a truncated region of flhB gene is only found in S. Pullorum/Gallinarum. The sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex PCR assay using three pairs of specific primers for these genes were evaluated. The results showed that this multiplex PCR method could accurately identify Salmonella Enteritidis, Pullorum/Gallinarum, and Dublin from eight non-Salmonella species and 27 Salmonella serovars. The least concentration of genomic DNA that could be detected was 58.5 pg/μL and the least number of cells was 100 CFU. Subsequently, this developed method was used to analyze clinical Salmonella isolates from one pig farm, one chicken farm, and one cattle farm. The results showed that blinded PCR testing of Salmonella isolates from the three farms were in concordance with the traditional serotyping tests, indicating the newly developed multiplex PCR system could be used as a novel tool to accurately distinguish the three specific Salmonella serovars individually, which is useful, especially in high-throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Li Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Shizhong Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
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Ogunremi D, Nadin-Davis S, Dupras AA, Márquez IG, Omidi K, Pope L, Devenish J, Burke T, Allain R, Leclair D. Evaluation of a Multiplex PCR Assay for the Identification of Salmonella Serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium Using Retail and Abattoir Samples. J Food Prot 2017; 80:295-301. [PMID: 28221989 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex PCR was developed to identify the two most common serovars of Salmonella causing foodborne illness in Canada, namely, serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium. The PCR was designed to amplify DNA fragments from four Salmonella genes, namely, invA gene (211-bp fragment), iroB gene (309-bp fragment), Typhimurium STM 4497 (523-bp fragment), and Enteritidis SE147228 (612-bp fragment). In addition, a 1,026-bp ribosomal DNA (rDNA) fragment universally present in bacterial species was included in the assay as an internal control fragment. The detection rate of the PCR was 100% among Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 92) and Salmonella Typhimurium (n = 33) isolates. All tested Salmonella isolates (n = 194) were successfully identified based on the amplification of at least one Salmonella -specific DNA fragment. None of the four Salmonella DNA amplicons were detected in any of the non- Salmonella isolates (n = 126), indicating an exclusivity rate of 100%. When applied to crude extracts of 2,001 field isolates of Salmonella obtained during the course of a national microbiological baseline study in broiler chickens and chicken products sampled from abattoir and retail outlets, 163 isolates, or 8.1%, tested positive for Salmonella Enteritidis and another 80 isolates, or 4.0%, tested as Salmonella Typhimurium. All isolates identified by serological testing as Salmonella Enteritidis in the microbiological study were also identified by using the multiplex PCR. The new test can be used to identify or confirm pure isolates of the two serovars and is also amenable for integration into existing culture procedures for accurate detection of Salmonella colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dele Ogunremi
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9
| | - Susan Nadin-Davis
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9
| | - Andrée Ann Dupras
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9
| | - Imelda Gálvan Márquez
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9
| | - Katayoun Omidi
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9
| | - Louise Pope
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9
| | - John Devenish
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9
| | - Teresa Burke
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9
| | - Ray Allain
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9
| | - Daniel Leclair
- Food Safety Science Division, Floor 5, 1400 Merivale Road, Tower 2, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0Y9
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28
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Ibrahim HM, El-Moaty DAMA, Ahmed HA, El-Enbaawy MI. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of locally isolated Salmonella strains used in preparation of Salmonella antigens in Egypt. Vet World 2017; 9:1435-1439. [PMID: 28096617 PMCID: PMC5234059 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1435-1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This work was conducted to study the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of locally isolated Salmonella strains (Salmonella Pullorum, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Salmonella Typhimurium) from poultry used in the preparation of Salmonella antigens in Egypt. Materials and Methods: The phenotypic characterization of Salmonella strains was done using standard microbiological, biochemical, and serological techniques. Molecular identification was done using different sets of primers on different genes using different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Results: The phenotypic characterization of Salmonella strains was confirmed. Molecular identification revealed detection of 284 bp fragment of InvA gene in all studied Salmonella strains. Furthermore, multiplex PCR was used for more confirmation of being Salmonella spp., generally at 429 bp as well as genotyping of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis at 559 and 312 bp, respectively, in one reaction. Conclusion: The locally isolated field Salmonella strains were confirmed phenotypically and genotypically to be Salmonella Enteritidis, and Salmonella Typhimurium and could be used for the preparation of Salmonella antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Mohammed Ibrahim
- Department of Bacterial Sera and Antigens Research, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hanan Ali Ahmed
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Cairo, Egypt
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29
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Identification of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and variants using a novel multiplex PCR assay. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Zhou X, Zhang L, Shi C, Fratamico PM, Liu B, Paoli GC, Dan X, Zhuang X, Cui Y, Wang D, Shi X. Genome-Scale Screening and Validation of Targets for Identification of Salmonella enterica and Serovar Prediction. J Food Prot 2016; 79:376-83. [PMID: 26939647 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is the most common foodborne pathogen worldwide, with 2,500 recognized serovars. Detection of S. enterica and its classification into serovars are essential for food safety surveillance and clinical diagnosis. The PCR method is useful for these applications because of its rapidity and high accuracy. We obtained 412 candidate detection targets for S. enterica using a comparative genomics mining approach. Gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis of these candidate targets revealed that the GO term with the largest number of unigenes with known function (38 of 177, 21.5%) was significantly involved in pathogenesis (P < 10(-24)). All the candidate targets were then evaluated by PCR assays. Fifteen targets showed high specificity for the detection of S. enterica by verification with 151 S. enterica strains and 34 non-Salmonella strains. The phylogenetic trees of verified targets were highly comparable with those of housekeeping genes, especially for differentiating S. enterica strains into serovars. The serovar prediction ability was validated by sequencing one target (S9) for 39 S. enterica strains belonging to six serovars. Identical mutation sites existed in the same serovar, and different mutation sites were found in diverse serovars. Our findings revealed that 15 verified targets can be potentially used for molecular detection, and some of them can be used for serotyping of S. enterica strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhou
- Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology and U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lida Zhang
- Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology and U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Shi
- Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology and U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Pina M Fratamico
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - George C Paoli
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA
| | - Xianlong Dan
- Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology and U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Zhuang
- Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology and U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cui
- Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology and U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology and U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianming Shi
- Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology and U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Developing a novel immunochromatographic test strip with gold magnetic bifunctional nanobeads (GMBN) for efficient detection of Salmonella choleraesuis in milk. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Wang BB, Wang Q, Jin YG, Ma MH, Cai ZX. Two-color quantum dots-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer for rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella on eggshells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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33
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Comparison of culture methods for isolation of salmonella in yak fecal samples. Indian J Microbiol 2014; 54:223-6. [PMID: 25320426 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-013-0423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the effectiveness of culture methods for identifying yak Salmonella, three selective enrichment broths (SC, TTB, MSRV) and three media (SS, XLD, CAS) for detecting Salmonella were evaluated in this study. The results showed that TTB broth was better than SC broths and MSRV broths, and SS medium has the highest isolation rate, significantly higher than those of CAS and XLD media (P < 0.05). It is worth noticing that there was no overlapping of the positive results given by TTB, SC and MSRV broths. In addition, all of the yak Salmonella isolates were detected positive by the five reported PCR assays, targeting the invA, srfC, invE, stn and 16S-23S rRNA genes. The combination of TTB and MSRV broths and SS and CAS media (or XLD) recommended in this study was relatively efficient in recovering Salmonella from yak feces, and the five PCR assays can be successfully used to identify yak Salmonella.
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34
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Zhai L, Yu Q, Bie X, Lu Z, Lv F, Zhang C, Kong X, Zhao H. Development of a PCR test system for specific detection of Salmonella Paratyphi B in foods. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 355:83-9. [PMID: 24725227 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi B is a globally distributed human-specific pathogen causing paratyphoid fever. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid and reliable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for its detection in food. The SPAB_01124 gene was found to be unique to S. Paratyphi B using comparative genomics. Primers for fragments of the SPAB_01124 gene and the Salmonella-specific invA gene were used in combination to establish a multiplex PCR assay that showed 100% specificity across 45 Salmonella strains (representing 34 serotypes) and 18 non-Salmonella strains. The detection limit was 2.2 CFU mL(-1) of S. Paratyphi B after 12-h enrichment in pure culture. It was shown that co-culture with S. Typhimurium or Escherichia coli up to concentrations of 3.6 × 10(5) CFU and 3.3 × 10(4) CFU, respectively, did not interfere with PCR detection of S. Paratyphi B. In artificially contaminated milk, the assay could detect as few as 62 CFU mL(-1) after 8 h of enrichment. In conclusion, comparative genomics was found to be an efficient approach to the mining of pathogen-specific target genes, and the PCR assay that was developed from this provided a rapid, specific, and sensitive method for detection of S. Paratyphi B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligong Zhai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Nanjing, China
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35
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Zhai L, Kong X, Lu Z, Lv F, Zhang C, Bie X. Detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin by polymerase chain reaction in multiplex format. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 100:52-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Wang B, Huang X, Ma M, Shi Q, Cai Z. A simple quantum dot-based fluoroimmunoassay method for selective capturing and rapid detection of Salmonella Enteritidis on eggs. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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37
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Development of a Novel Hexa-plex PCR Method for Identification and Serotyping of Salmonella Species. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:75-7. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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38
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Shi C, Singh P, Ranieri ML, Wiedmann M, Moreno Switt AI. Molecular methods for serovar determination of Salmonella. Crit Rev Microbiol 2013; 41:309-25. [PMID: 24228625 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2013.837862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is a diverse foodborne pathogen, which has more than 2600 recognized serovars. Classification of Salmonella isolates into serovars is essential for surveillance and epidemiological investigations; however, determination of Salmonella serovars, by traditional serotyping, has some important limitations (e.g. labor intensive, time consuming). To overcome these limitations, multiple methods have been investigated to develop molecular serotyping schemes. Currently, molecular methods to predict Salmonella serovars include (i) molecular subtyping methods (e.g. PFGE, MLST), (ii) classification using serovar-specific genomic markers and (iii) direct methods, which identify genes encoding antigens or biosynthesis of antigens used for serotyping. Here, we reviewed reported methodologies for Salmonella molecular serotyping and determined the "serovar-prediction accuracy", as the percentage of isolates for which the serovar was correctly classified by a given method. Serovar-prediction accuracy ranged from 0 to 100%, 51 to 100% and 33 to 100% for molecular subtyping, serovar-specific genomic markers and direct methods, respectively. Major limitations of available schemes are errors in predicting closely related serovars (e.g. Typhimurium and 4,5,12:i:-), and polyphyletic serovars (e.g. Newport, Saintpaul). The high diversity of Salmonella serovars represents a considerable challenge for molecular serotyping approaches. With the recent improvement in sequencing technologies, full genome sequencing could be developed into a promising molecular approach to serotype Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Shi
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY , USA and
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39
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Ryu J, Park SH, Yeom YS, Shrivastav A, Lee SH, Kim YR, Kim HY. Simultaneous detection of Listeria species isolated from meat processed foods using multiplex PCR. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Deekshit VK, Kumar BK, Rai P, Rohit A, Karunasagar I. Simultaneous detection of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 and its antibiotic resistance genes from seafood. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 93:233-8. [PMID: 23545447 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovars are virulent pathogens of humans and animals with many strains possessing multiple drug resistance traits. They have been found to carry resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline (ACSSuT-resistant). A rapid and sensitive multiplex PCR (mPCR)-based assay was developed for the detection of Salmonella serovars from seafood. Six sets of primers which are one primer pair targeting Salmonella specific gene invA (284 bp), two Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2) genes ssaT (780 bp) and sseF (888 bp) and three antibiotic resistance genes floR (198 bp), sul1 (425 bp), tetG (550 bp) were used for the study. The specificity and sensitivity of the assay were tested by spiking shrimp/fish/clam homogenate with viable cells of Salmonella. This assay allows for the cost effective and reliable detection of pathogenic Salmonella enterica from seafood. The mPCR developed in the present study proved to be a potent analytical tool for the rapid identification of multidrug-resistant Salmonella serovars from seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Kumar Deekshit
- Department of Fisheries Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore 575002, India
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