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Jiang X, Jiang C, Yu T, Jiang X, Ren S, Kang R, Qiu S. Benzalkonium Chloride Adaptation Increases Expression of the Agr System, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence in Listeria monocytogenes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:856274. [PMID: 35283841 PMCID: PMC8905296 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.856274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzalkonium chloride (BC) is widely used for disinfection in food industry. However, prolonged exposure to BC may lead to the emergence of BC adapted strains of Listeria monocytogenes, an important foodborne pathogen. Until now, two communication systems, the LuxS/AI-2 system and the Agr system, have been identified in L. monocytogenes. This study aimed to investigate the role of communication systems in BC adaptation and the effect of BC adaptation on two communication systems and the communication-controlled behaviors in L. monocytogenes. Results demonstrated that the Agr system rather than the LuxS system plays an important role in BC adaptation of L. monocytogenes. Neither luxS expression nor AI-2 production was affected by BC adaptation. On the other hand, the expression of the agr operon and the activity of the agr promoter were significantly increased after BC adaptation. BC adaptation enhanced biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes. However, swarming motility was reduced by BC adaptation. Data from qRT-PCR showed that flagella-mediated motility-related genes (flaA, motA, and motB) were downregulated in BC adapted strains. BC adaptation increased the ability of L. monocytogenes to adhere to and invade Caco-2 cells but did not affect the hemolytic activity. Compared with the wild-type strains, the expression levels of virulence genes prfA, plcA, mpl, actA, and plcB increased more than 2-fold in BC adapted strains; however, lower than 2-fold changes in the expression of hemolysis-associated gene hly were observed. Our study suggests that BC adaptation could increase the expression of the Agr system and enhance biofilm formation, invasion, and virulence of L. monocytogenes, which brings about threats to food safety and public health. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to avoid the emergence of BC adapted strains of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Jiang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Congyi Jiang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tao Yu
- School of Life Sciences & Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health Risk Warning of Xinxiang City, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaojie Jiang
- School of Life Sciences & Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Siyu Ren
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shuxing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health Risk Warning of Xinxiang City, Xinxiang, China
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Alía A, Andrade MJ, Rodríguez A, Martín I, Pérez-Baltar A, Medina M, Córdoba JJ. Prevalence and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in deboning and slicing areas of Spanish dry-cured ham processing. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Coban A, Pennone V, Sudagidan M, Molva C, Jordan K, Aydin A. Prevalence, virulence characterization, and genetic relatedness of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from chicken retail points and poultry slaughterhouses in Turkey. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:1063-1073. [PMID: 31478167 PMCID: PMC6863211 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important foodborne pathogens and is a causal agent of listeriosis in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, serogroups, antibiotic susceptibility, virulence factor genes, and genetic relatedness of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from 500 poultry samples in Turkey. The isolation sources of 103 L. monocytogenes strains were retail markets (n = 100) and slaughterhouses (n = 3). L. monocytogenes strains were identified as serogroups 1/2a-3a (75.7%, lineage I), 1/2c-3c (14.56%, lineage I), 1/2b-3b-7 (5.82%, lineage II), 4a-4c (2.91%, lineage III), and 4b-4d-4e (0.97%, lineage III). Most of the L. monocytogenes strains (93.2%) were susceptible to the antibiotics tested. PCR analysis indicated that the majority of the strains (95% to 100%) contained most of the virulence genes (hylA, plcA, plcB, prfA, mpl, actA, dltA, fri, flaA inlA, inlC, and inlJ). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) demonstrated that there were 18 pulsotypes grouped at a similarity of > 90% among the strains. These results indicate that it is necessary to prevent the presence of L. monocytogenes in the poultry-processing environments to help prevent outbreaks of listeriosis and protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysen Coban
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vincenzo Pennone
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Mert Sudagidan
- KIT-ARGEM R&D Center, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Celenk Molva
- Department of Food Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kieran Jordan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Ali Aydin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Haubert L, Kremer FS, da Silva WP. Whole-genome sequencing identification of a multidrug-resistant Listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a isolated from fresh mixed sausage in southern Brazil. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 65:127-130. [PMID: 30053641 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A previous study performed by our group reported the characterization of a multidrug-resistant isolate of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a, named Lm16 isolate. This foodborne isolate is of particular interest because it is highly resistant to antimicrobials, disinfectants and heavy metals. In this study, we used the whole-genome shotgun method to sequence Lm16 isolate using the Illumina MiSeq platform. By assembling and analysis of the new genome, we were able to identify three efflux pumps (mepA, msrA, and norB) and mutations in the genes efTu and gyrA that confers resistance to antimicrobials. In conclusion, novel features in genome annotation regarding resistance genes in a L. monocytogenes foodborne isolate were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Haubert
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil.
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Oxaran V, Lee SHI, Chaul LT, Corassin CH, Barancelli GV, Alves VF, de Oliveira CAF, Gram L, De Martinis ECP. Listeria monocytogenes incidence changes and diversity in some Brazilian dairy industries and retail products. Food Microbiol 2017; 68:16-23. [PMID: 28800821 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can cause listeriosis, a severe foodborne disease. In Brazil, despite very few reported cases of listeriosis, the pathogen has been repeatedly isolated from dairies. This has led the government to implement specific legislation to reduce the hazard. Here, we determined the incidence of L. monocytogenes in five dairies and retail products in the Southeast and Midwest regions of Brazil over eight months. Of 437 samples, three samples (0.7%) from retail and only one sample (0.2%) from the dairies were positive for L. monocytogenes. Thus, the contamination rate was significantly reduced as compared to previous studies. MultiLocus Sequence Typing (MLST) was used to determine if contamination was caused by new or persistent clones leading to the first MLST profile of L. monocytogenes from the Brazilian dairy industry. The processing environment isolate is of concern being a sequence-type (ST) 2, belonging to the lineage I responsible for the majority of listeriosis outbreaks. Also, ST3 and ST8 found in commercialized cheese have previously been reported in outbreaks. Despite the lower incidence, dairy products still pose a potential health risk and the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in dairies and retail products emphasize the need for continuous surveillance of this pathogen in the Brazilian dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Oxaran
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sarah Hwa In Lee
- FZEA/USP, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Luíza Toubas Chaul
- FF/UFG, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Humberto Corassin
- FZEA/USP, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Haubert L, Mendonça M, Lopes GV, de Itapema Cardoso MR, da Silva WP. Listeria monocytogenes isolates from food and food environment harbouring tetM and ermB resistance genes. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 62:23-9. [PMID: 26518475 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that has become an important cause of human and animal diseases worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serotypes, virulence potential, antimicrobial resistance profile, and genetic relationships of 50 L. monocytogenes isolates from food and food environment in southern Brazil. In this study, the majority of L. monocytogenes isolates belonged to the serotypes 1/2b (42%) and 4b (26%), which are the main serotypes associated with human listeriosis. In addition, all isolates harboured internalin genes (inlA, inlC, inlJ), indicating a virulence potential. The isolates were sensitive to most of the antimicrobial compounds analysed, and five isolates (10%) were multi-resistant. Two isolates harboured antimicrobial resistance genes (tetM and ermB) and in one of them, the gene was present in the plasmid. Moreover, according to the pulsed field gel electrophoresis assay, two multi-resistant isolates were a single clone isolated from food and the processing plant. The isolates were susceptible to the most frequently used antibiotics for listeriosis treatment. However, the presence of multidrug-resistant isolates and antimicrobial resistance genes including in the plasmid could even be transferred between bacterial species, suggesting a potential health risk to consumers and a potential risk of spreading multi-resistance genes to other bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Listeria monocytogenes is an important agent of foodborne diseases. The results of this study suggest a potential capacity of L. monocytogenes isolates from food and food environment to cause human infections. Antimicrobial multi-resistance profiles were detected in 10%, and two isolates harboured tetM and ermB resistance genes. Moreover, the present research can help to build up a better knowledge about antimicrobial resistance of L. monocytogenes. Additionally, we found one isolate carrying tetM resistance gene in a plasmid, that suggests a possible transmission between commensal and/or other pathogenic bacteria of food environment, thereby raising up concerns regarding bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Haubert
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - M Mendonça
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - G V Lopes
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M R de Itapema Cardoso
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - W P da Silva
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Camargo AC, de Castilho NPA, da Silva DAL, Vallim DC, Hofer E, Nero LA. Antibiotic Resistance ofListeria monocytogenesIsolated from Meat-Processing Environments, Beef Products, and Clinical Cases in Brazil. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 21:458-62. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Deyse Christina Vallim
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Hofer
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luís Augusto Nero
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Almeida G, Magalhães R, Carneiro L, Santos I, Silva J, Ferreira V, Hogg T, Teixeira P. Foci of contamination of Listeria monocytogenes in different cheese processing plants. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 167:303-9. [PMID: 24184608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous bacterium widely distributed in the environment that can cause a severe disease in humans when contaminated foods are ingested. Cheese has been implicated in sporadic cases and in outbreaks of listeriosis worldwide. Environmental contamination, in several occasions by persistent strains, has been considered an important source of finished product contamination. The objectives of this research were to (i) evaluate the presence of L. monocytogenes within the factory environments and cheeses of three processing plants, artisanal producer of raw ewe's milk cheeses (APC), small-scale industrial cheese producer (SSI) and industrial cheese producer (ICP) each producing a distinct style of cheese, all with history of contamination by L. monocytogenes (ii) and identify possible sources of contamination using different typing methods (arsenic and cadmium susceptibility, geno-serotyping, PFGE). The presence of markers specific for 3 epidemic clones (ECI-ECIII) of L. monocytogenes was also investigated. Samples were collected from raw milk (n = 179), whey (n = 3), cheese brining solution (n = 7), cheese brine sludge (n = 505), finished product (n = 3016), and environment (n = 2560) during, at least, a four-year period. Listeria monocytogenes was detected in environmental, raw milk and cheese samples, respectively, at 15.4%, 1.1% and 13.6% in APC; at 8.9%, 2.9% and 3.4% in SSI; and at 0%, 21.1% and 0.2% in ICP. Typing of isolates revealed that raw ewe's milk and the dairy plant environment are important sources of contamination, and that some strains persisted for at least four years in the environment. Although cheeses produced in the three plants investigated were never associated with any case or outbreak of listeriosis, some L. monocytogenes belonging to specific PFGE types that caused disease (including putative epidemic clone strains isolated from final products) were found in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Almeida
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Rivoal K, Fablet A, Courtillon C, Bougeard S, Chemaly M, Protais J. Detection of Listeria spp. in liquid egg products and in the egg breaking plants environment and tracking of Listeria monocytogenes by PFGE. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 166:109-16. [PMID: 23850854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human listeriosis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes, is a severe bacterial infection that can lead to meningitis, cerebromeningitis, bacteremia or septicemia, with acute lethality and potentially leading to death. A study has shown that 29.5% of the caged laying hens in France are contaminated by L. monocytogenes (Chemaly et al., 2008). However, very little information regarding egg and egg product contamination is currently available. The objective of this study is to determine the sanitary status of egg products and egg breaking plants in France regarding Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes contaminations. The sampling scheme performed in five egg breaking plants in Western France during one year have revealed that 8.5% of raw egg products were contaminated by L. monocytogenes. No pasteurized egg products have been shown to be contaminated by L. monocytogenes. However, a high level of contamination by Listeria spp., and particularly by L. innocua, has been shown with 26.2% and 1.8% of raw and pasteurized egg products contaminated, respectively. This work has also revealed the presence of Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes in the environment of egg breaking plants with 65.1% and 8.0% of contaminated samples, respectively. The typing of 253 isolates of L. monocytogenes by PFGE using ApaI and AscI enzymes has revealed a high diversity with 46 different pulsotypes and has shown that the raw material is a source of contamination of egg breaking plants. One L. monocytogenes cluster was dominant in the 5 egg-breaking plants during the four seasons studied. The issue of which strains are better adapted to egg products must be considered and studied in depth by comparing them to pulsotypes from strains of other chains. However, the traceability of L. monocytogenes in plants during the various seasons has also made it possible to highlight the presence of strains that are specific to egg breaking plants. The study of cleaning and disinfection methods in these plants as well as the recurring bacteria's resistance to disinfectants could provide answers to the egg product industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katell Rivoal
- Anses, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan/Plouzané Laboratory, BP 53, 22 440 Ploufragan, France.
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Blum-Menezes D, Deliberalli I, Bittencourt NC, Couto CATD, Barbosa LN, Santos AMD, Pinto GG. Listeriosis in the far South of Brazil: neglected infection? Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2013; 46:381-3. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0005-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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