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Biswas A, Hazra SK, Chaudhari SR. Detection of barley malt syrup as an adulterant in honey by 1H NMR profile. Food Chem 2023; 429:136842. [PMID: 37454619 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Currently, Barley Malt Syrup (BMS) is one of the forms of growing adulteration in honey. However, there have been no reports regarding its identification by NMR. In this aspect, we proposed a 1H NMR profiling method to discriminate between authentic and honey adulterated with BMS. The authenticated honey samples were artificially adulterated with varying percentages of BMS. It was found that a marker peak primarily falling around the 5.40 ppm region exhibited discrimination between pure and adulterated samples. Furthermore, NMR data of the samples were analyzed using statistical models. The findings demonstrate that NMR sugar profiles region, when combined with PCA analysis, can effectively detect varying degrees of adulteration. Despite qualitative nature of the outcomes, spiking studies have revealed that approach can reliably identify sugar addition at levels as low as 5-10%. Overall, NMR-based approach proves to be effective in detecting BMS as an adulterant in honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Biswas
- Department of Plantation Products, Spice and Flavor Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sudipta Kumar Hazra
- Department of Plantation Products, Spice and Flavor Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Sachin R Chaudhari
- Department of Plantation Products, Spice and Flavor Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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3
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Classification of Polish Natural Bee Honeys Based on Their Chemical Composition. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154844. [PMID: 35956789 PMCID: PMC9369904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeted quantitative NMR (qNMR) approach is a powerful analytical tool, which can be applied to classify and/or determine the authenticity of honey samples. In our study, this technique was used to determine the chemical profiles of different types of Polish honey samples, featured by variable contents of main sugars, free amino acids, and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on concentrations of selected compounds to determine significant differences in their levels between all types of honey. For pattern recognition, principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted and good separations between all honey samples were obtained. The results of present studies allow the differentiation of honey samples based on the content of sucrose, glucose, and fructose, as well as amino acids such as tyrosine, phenylalanine, proline, and alanine. Our results indicated that the combination of qNMR with chemometric analysis may serve as a supplementary tool in specifying honeys.
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Determination of the Carbohydrate Profile and Invertase Activity of Adulterated Honeys after Bee Feeding. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The higher demand for honey from consumers, combined with its limited availability, has led to different types of honey adulteration, causing substantial economic as well as negative impacts on consumers’ nutrition and health. Therefore, a need has emerged for reliable and cost-effective quality control methods to detect honey adulteration to ensure both the safety and quality of honey. To simulate the process with those applied by beekeepers in real-time, bee colonies were fed with different types of bee feeding (sugar syrup, candy paste and commercial syrup). The produced samples were analyzed for their carbohydrate profile and their invertase activity with the aim to find the effects of bee feeding on the quality of the final product. Honey samples produced after feeding with commercial syrup presented low fructose (22.9 %) and glucose (31.7 %) concentrations and high content of maltose (20.1%), while the samples that came from bee feeding with sugar syrup and candy paste had high concentrations of sucrose (6.2 % and 3.2 %, respectively), exceeding in some cases the legislative limits. Moreover, the samples coming from sugar feeding had lower values of invertase activity, while the group with inverted syrup was clearly discriminated through multi-discriminant analysis. The invertase activity of control samples was found at 153.7 U/kg, which was significantly higher compared to the other groups. The results showed that bee feeding during honey production might lead to adulteration, which can be detected through routine analyses, including the carbohydrate profile and the invertase activity.
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Yong CH, Muhammad SA, Aziz FA, Nasir FI, Mustafa MZ, Ibrahim B, Kelly SD, Cannavan A, Seow EK. Detecting adulteration of stingless bee honey using untargeted 1H NMR metabolomics with chemometrics. Food Chem 2022; 368:130808. [PMID: 34419793 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As stingless bee honey (SBH) is gaining in popularity in the Malaysian market, it is now prone to adulteration. The higher price of SBH compared to floral honey has led to the use of unusual adulterants such as vinegar and even floral honey to mimic the unique taste and appearance of SBH. Since the current AOAC 998.12 method fails to detect these adulterants as their δ13C values are in the range for C3 plants, untargeted 1H NMR metabolomics was proposed. Principal component analysis of SBH 1H NMR fingerprints was able to distinguish authentic SBHs from adulterated ones down to 1% adulteration level for selected adulterants. Discriminant analysis showed promising results in distinguishing the preliminary datasets of authentic SBHs from the adulterated ones, including discriminating SBHs adulterated with different adulterants derived from C3 and C4 plants. Hence, to assure any emerging adulterant can be detected, all 1H NMR regions should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hong Yong
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Syahidah Akmal Muhammad
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia; Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Fatimatuzzahra' Abd Aziz
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Fatin Ilyani Nasir
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zulkifli Mustafa
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Baharudin Ibrahim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Simon D Kelly
- Food and Environmental Protection Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew Cannavan
- Food and Environmental Protection Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eng-Keng Seow
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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6
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QU Q, JIN L. Application of nuclear magnetic resonance in food analysis. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.43622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Labsvards KD, Rudovica V, Kluga R, Rusko J, Busa L, Bertins M, Eglite I, Naumenko J, Salajeva M, Viksna A. Determination of Floral Origin Markers of Latvian Honey by Using IRMS, UHPLC-HRMS, and 1H-NMR. Foods 2021; 11:foods11010042. [PMID: 35010167 PMCID: PMC8750591 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The economic significance of honey production is crucial; therefore, modern and efficient methods of authentication are needed. During the last decade, various data processing methods and a combination of several instrumental methods have been increasingly used in food analysis. In this study, the chemical composition of monofloral buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), clover (Trifolium repens), heather (Calluna vulgaris), linden (Tilia cordata), rapeseed (Brassica napus), willow (Salix cinerea), and polyfloral honey samples of Latvian origin were investigated using several instrumental analysis methods. The data from light stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis methods were used in combination with multivariate analysis to characterize honey samples originating from Latvia. Results were processed using the principal component analysis (PCA) to study the potential possibilities of evaluating the differences between honey of different floral origins. The results indicate the possibility of strong differentiation of heather and buckwheat honeys, and minor differentiation of linden honey from polyfloral honey types. The main indicators include depleted δ15N values for heather honey protein, elevated concentration levels of rutin for buckwheat honey, and qualitative presence of specific biomarkers within NMR for linden honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriss Davids Labsvards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (V.R.); (R.K.); (J.R.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (J.N.); (M.S.); (A.V.)
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +371-26395784
| | - Vita Rudovica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (V.R.); (R.K.); (J.R.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (J.N.); (M.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Rihards Kluga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (V.R.); (R.K.); (J.R.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (J.N.); (M.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Janis Rusko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (V.R.); (R.K.); (J.R.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (J.N.); (M.S.); (A.V.)
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
| | - Lauma Busa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (V.R.); (R.K.); (J.R.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (J.N.); (M.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Maris Bertins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (V.R.); (R.K.); (J.R.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (J.N.); (M.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Ineta Eglite
- Latvian Beekeeping Association, Rigas Street 22, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia;
| | - Jevgenija Naumenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (V.R.); (R.K.); (J.R.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (J.N.); (M.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Marina Salajeva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (V.R.); (R.K.); (J.R.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (J.N.); (M.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Arturs Viksna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (V.R.); (R.K.); (J.R.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (J.N.); (M.S.); (A.V.)
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Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) for rapid screening of adulterants in honey: A case study on acacia honey adulterated with canola honey. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Chemometric Discrimination of the Geographical Origin of Three Greek Cultivars of Olive Oils by Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020336. [PMID: 33557322 PMCID: PMC7914497 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Α stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer was used for stable isotope ratio (i.e., δ13C, δ18O, and δ2H) measurements, achieving geographical discrimination using orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis. A total of 100 Greek monovarietal olive oil samples from three different olive cultivars (cv. Koroneiki, cv. Lianolia Kerkyras, and cv. Maurolia), derived from Central Greece and Peloponnese, were collected during the 2019-2020 harvest year aiming to investigate the effect of botanical and geographical origin on their discrimination through isotopic data. The selection of these samples was made from traditionally olive-growing areas in which no significant research has been done so far. Samples were discriminated mainly by olive cultivar and, partially, by geographical origin, which is congruent with other authors. Based on this model, correct recognition of 93.75% in the training samples and correct prediction of 100% in the test set were achieved. The overall correct classification of the model was 91%. The predictability based on the externally validated method of discrimination was good (Q2 (cum) = 0.681) and illustrated that δ18O and δ2H were the most important isotope markers for the discrimination of olive oil samples. The authenticity of olive oil based on the examined olive varieties can be determined using this technique.
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10
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Sogut E, Seydim AC. Classification of honeys collected from different regions of Anatolia by chemometric methods. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ece Sogut
- Food Engineering Department Suleyman Demirel University Isparta Turkey
| | - Atif Can Seydim
- Food Engineering Department Suleyman Demirel University Isparta Turkey
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Zhang J, Chen H, Fan C, Gao S, Zhang Z, Bo L. Classification of the botanical and geographical origins of Chinese honey based on 1H NMR profile with chemometrics. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109714. [PMID: 33233286 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a newly developed non-target 1H NMR detection associated with chemometrics method to classify the botanical and geographical origins of the monofloral Chinese honey. 1H NMR tests of 218 monofloral honey samples of 8 classes (Acacia, Jujube, Linden, Longan, Orange, Rape, Sunflower, Vitex) collected in 2017-2019 across China were conducted under the optimal sample preparation conditions and NMR acquisition parameters. The whole profiles of NMR spectra instead of individual or partial signals from specific components were processed and extracted, then fed to SIMCA-P to classify the botanical and geographical origins through non-target statistical analysis. For the botanical origins, most of them could be classified clearly according to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with both R2 and Q2 close to 1. Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discrimination Analysis (OPLS-DA) model could classify the honey floral types successfully with R2Y and Q2 greater than 0.85. It is found that the integral bin for data extraction has no obvious influence on the classification. For the geographical origins, the classification at different geographical levels (providence and town) could be successfully distinguished by OPLS-DA model. The promising preliminary results with the geographical classification at 40 km level unambiguously demonstrate the application of this NMR-based multi-species non-targeted method for the honey authenticity. Successful result is obtained on a pilot prediction of the geographical classification. Comparing with the methods based on other techniques, the advantages of this reported one are less sample amount needed, simple preparation, short test time, and non-targeted multi-species detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Zhang
- Agro-product Safety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Agro-product Safety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, China
| | - Chunlin Fan
- Agro-product Safety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Agro-product Safety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, China
| | - Zijuan Zhang
- Agro-product Safety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, China.
| | - Lin Bo
- Agro-product Safety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, China
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12
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Lin T, Chen P, Chen X, Shen J, Zhong S, Sun Q, Guo M, Cheng X. Geographical Classification of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) through Mineral Component Analysis. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1777560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Sichuan Province Tobacco Corporation, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia Shen
- Tobacco Research Institute/Maize Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Shangshang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xinsheng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Schievano E, Sbrizza M, Zuccato V, Piana L, Tessari M. NMR carbohydrate profile in tracing acacia honey authenticity. Food Chem 2019; 309:125788. [PMID: 31753683 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The sugar profile in honey can be used as a fingerprint to confirm the authenticity or reveal the adulteration of the product by sweetener addition. In this work, we have accurately determined the profile of 20 minor saccharides in a set of 46 European acacia honeys using a recently proposed NMR approach based on the CSSF-TOCSY experiment. Comparison of this reference profile with the sugar composition of several Chinese honey samples of the same declared botanical origin has revealed important differences. A detailed analysis of the saccharide profile of these Chinese honeys suggests product adulteration by overfeeding bee colonies with industrial sugars syrups during the main nectar flow period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Schievano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Marco Sbrizza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Zuccato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Piana
- Piana Ricerca e Consulenza s.r.l. a socio unico, Via Umbria 41, 40024 Castel San Pietro Terme, BO, Italy
| | - Marco Tessari
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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NMR assessment of European acacia honey origin and composition of EU-blend based on geographical floral markers. Food Chem 2019; 288:96-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Selvaraju K, Vikram P, Soon JM, Krishnan KT, Mohammed A. Melissopalynological, physicochemical and antioxidant properties of honey from West Coast of Malaysia. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 56:2508-2521. [PMID: 31168133 PMCID: PMC6525717 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03728-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stingless bees are native to tropical region and produce honey which are high in moisture content. Compared to honey from honeybees, there are limited studies on honey derived from stingless bees. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of stingless bee honey. Fifteen types of honey were collected from six states in West Coast of Malaysia and pollen analyses were carried out. Four types of unifloral honey samples produced by stingless bees were selected to determine their physicochemical and antioxidant activities including total phenolic, total flavonoid and ascorbic acid contents. Melissopalynological study of 15 honey samples collected from different states showed presence of both unifloral and multifloral origins. Honey samples collected from Apis mellifera (honeybee) combs had lower number of total pollen compared to samples collected from Heterotrigona itama and Geniotrigona thoracica (stingless bees). Jambul Merak honey contains the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents with greatest color intensity and has the highest antioxidant potential. This study highlights the chemical composition and biological activity of honey from stingless bees which may increase its commercial value or to be utilised as potential functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirthiga Selvaraju
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Paritala Vikram
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jan Mei Soon
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Kumara Thevan Krishnan
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Arifullah Mohammed
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Velázquez Ríos IO, González‐García G, Mellado‐Mojica E, Veloz García RA, Dzul Cauich JG, López MG, García‐Vieyra MI. Phytochemical profiles and classification of Agave syrups using 1H-NMR and chemometrics. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3-13. [PMID: 30680154 PMCID: PMC6341176 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agave syrups are natural sweeteners that are highly desirable for human consumption because they have low glycemic index. In this work, we explored the potential of 1H-NMR-Chemometrics as a useful tool in the identification and differentiation of Agave syrups. Also, we evaluated the phytochemical screening and antioxidant capacity of Agave syrup compared to other natural sweeteners. RESULTS The phytochemical screening stands out for Agave syrups containing higher levels of metabolites with antioxidant activity, mainly saponins, glycosides, and terpenoids. Agave syrup antioxidant activity was in a range from 10% to 53%, while the total phenolic content was from 24 to 300 EAG/100 g, and condensed tannins were between 240 and 1,900 mg CE/g. Additionally, 1H-NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize syrup profiles and chemometrics. PCA group analyses allowed the sweeteners' classification by origin and kind of Agave. CONCLUSION Thus, we conclude that 1H-NMR and chemometrics can be used for identifying, differentiating, and classifying Agave syrups. Besides, Agave syrups contain significant amounts of antioxidative components and can be considered as an effective source of antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving O. Velázquez Ríos
- Departamento de Ingeniería AgroindustrialDivisión de Ciencias de la Salud e IngenieríasUniversidad de GuanajuatoGuanajuatoMéxico
| | - Gerardo González‐García
- Departamento de QuímicaDivisión de Ciencias Naturales y ExactasUniversidad de GuanajuatoGuanajuatoMéxico
| | - Erika Mellado‐Mojica
- Departamento de Biotecnología y BioquímicaCentro de Investigación y Estudios de Avanzados del IPNUnidad IrapuatoGuanajuatoMéxico
| | - Rafael A. Veloz García
- Departamento de Ingeniería AgroindustrialDivisión de Ciencias de la Salud e IngenieríasUniversidad de GuanajuatoGuanajuatoMéxico
| | - Jorge G. Dzul Cauich
- Departamento de Ingeniería AgroindustrialDivisión de Ciencias de la Salud e IngenieríasUniversidad de GuanajuatoGuanajuatoMéxico
| | - Mercedes G. López
- Departamento de Biotecnología y BioquímicaCentro de Investigación y Estudios de Avanzados del IPNUnidad IrapuatoGuanajuatoMéxico
| | - María I. García‐Vieyra
- Departamento de Ingeniería AgroindustrialDivisión de Ciencias de la Salud e IngenieríasUniversidad de GuanajuatoGuanajuatoMéxico
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Başar B, Özdemir D. Determination of honey adulteration with beet sugar and corn syrup using infrared spectroscopy and genetic-algorithm-based multivariate calibration. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:5616-5624. [PMID: 29696655 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) equipped with attenuated total reflectance accessory was used to determine honey adulteration. Adulterated honey samples were prepared by adding corn syrup, beet sugar and water as adulterants to the pure honey samples in various amounts. The spectra of adulterated and pure honey samples (n = 209) were recorded between 4000 and 600 cm-1 wavenumber range. RESULTS Genetic-algorithm-based inverse least squares (GILS) and partial least squares (PLS) methods were used to determine honey content and amount of adulterants. Results indicated that the multivariate calibration generated with GILS could produce successful models with standard error of cross-validation in the range 0.97-2.52%, and standard error of prediction between 0.90 and 2.19% (% w/w) for all the components contained in the adulterated samples. Similar results were obtained with PLS, generating slightly larger standard error of cross-validation and standard error of prediction values. CONCLUSION The fact that the models were generated with several honey samples coming from various different botanical and geographical origins, quite successful results were obtained for the detection of adulterated honey samples with a simple Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique. Having a genetic algorithm for variable selection helped to build somewhat better models with GILS compared with PLS. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Başar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey
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18
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Lastra-Mejías M, Torreblanca-Zanca A, Aroca-Santos R, Cancilla JC, Izquierdo J, Torrecilla JS. Characterization of an array of honeys of different types and botanical origins through fluorescence emission based on LEDs. Talanta 2018; 185:196-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Karabagias IK, Vlasiou M, Kontakos S, Drouza C, Kontominas MG, Keramidas AD. Geographical discrimination of pine and fir honeys using multivariate analyses of major and minor honey components identified by 1H NMR and HPLC along with physicochemical data. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Gerhardt N, Birkenmeier M, Schwolow S, Rohn S, Weller P. Volatile-Compound Fingerprinting by Headspace-Gas-Chromatography Ion-Mobility Spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) as a Benchtop Alternative to 1H NMR Profiling for Assessment of the Authenticity of Honey. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1777-1785. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Gerhardt
- Institute
for Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalysis, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Birkenmeier
- Institute
for Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalysis, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schwolow
- Institute
for Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalysis, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Hamburg
School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Weller
- Institute
for Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalysis, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
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21
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Hong E, Lee SY, Jeong JY, Park JM, Kim BH, Kwon K, Chun HS. Modern analytical methods for the detection of food fraud and adulteration by food category. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:3877-3896. [PMID: 28397254 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This review provides current information on the analytical methods used to identify food adulteration in the six most adulterated food categories: animal origin and seafood, oils and fats, beverages, spices and sweet foods (e.g. honey), grain-based food, and others (organic food and dietary supplements). The analytical techniques (both conventional and emerging) used to identify adulteration in these six food categories involve sensory, physicochemical, DNA-based, chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, and have been combined with chemometrics, making these techniques more convenient and effective for the analysis of a broad variety of food products. Despite recent advances, the need remains for suitably sensitive and widely applicable methodologies that encompass all the various aspects of food adulteration. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Hong
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Plus, School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoo Lee
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Plus, School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yun Jeong
- Science and Technology Management Policy, University of Science & Technology, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- R&D Strategy, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Park
- Science and Technology Management Policy, University of Science & Technology, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- R&D Strategy, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisung Kwon
- New Hazardous Substances Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Sook Chun
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Plus, School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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22
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Free amino acid determination by GC-MS combined with a chemometric approach for geographical classification of bracatinga honeydew honey (Mimosa scabrella Bentham). Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Soares S, Amaral JS, Oliveira MBP, Mafra I. A Comprehensive Review on the Main Honey Authentication Issues: Production and Origin. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:1072-1100. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Soares
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia; Univ. do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Joana S. Amaral
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia; Univ. do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão; Inst. Politécnico de Bragança; Bragança Portugal
| | | | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia; Univ. do Porto; Porto Portugal
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24
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Classification of adulterated honeys by multivariate analysis. Food Chem 2017; 224:390-397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Application of analytical methods in authentication and adulteration of honey. Food Chem 2017; 217:687-698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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26
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Kortesniemi M, Slupsky CM, Ollikka T, Kauko L, Spevacek AR, Sjövall O, Yang B, Kallio H. NMR profiling clarifies the characterization of Finnish honeys of different botanical origins. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Wang S, Guo Q, Wang L, Lin L, Shi H, Cao H, Cao B. Detection of honey adulteration with starch syrup by high performance liquid chromatography. Food Chem 2015; 172:669-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Ojha S, Mishra S, Chand S. Production of isomalto-oligosaccharides by cell bound α-glucosidase of Microbacterium sp. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Abstract
Advanced analytical techniques in honey characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Consonni
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole
- Lab. NMR
- CNR
- 20133 Milan
- Italy
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30
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Petrakis EA, Cagliani LR, Polissiou MG, Consonni R. Evaluation of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) adulteration with plant adulterants by (1)H NMR metabolite fingerprinting. Food Chem 2014; 173:890-6. [PMID: 25466103 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, a preliminary study for the detection of adulterated saffron and the identification of the adulterant used by means of (1)H NMR and chemometrics is reported. Authentic Greek saffron and four typical plant-derived materials utilised as bulking agents in saffron, i.e., Crocus sativus stamens, safflower, turmeric, and gardenia were investigated. A two-step approach, relied on the application of both OPLS-DA and O2PLS-DA models to the (1)H NMR data, was adopted to perform authentication and prediction of authentic and adulterated saffron. Taking into account the deficiency of established methodologies to detect saffron adulteration with plant adulterants, the method developed resulted reliable in assessing the type of adulteration and could be viable for dealing with extensive saffron frauds at a minimum level of 20% (w/w).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios A Petrakis
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Laura R Cagliani
- Institute for the Study of Macromolecules, NMR Laboratory, National Council of Research, v. Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Moschos G Polissiou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Roberto Consonni
- Institute for the Study of Macromolecules, NMR Laboratory, National Council of Research, v. Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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31
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Geographical and Botanical Origin Discrimination of Romanian Honey Using Complex Stable Isotope Data and Chemometrics. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Identification of Acacia Honey Adulteration with Rape Honey Using Liquid Chromatography–Electrochemical Detection and Chemometrics. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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33
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34
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Ribeiro RDOR, Mársico ET, Carneiro CDS, Monteiro MLG, Conte Júnior CA, Mano S, de Jesus EFO. Classification of Brazilian honeys by physical and chemical analytical methods and low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF 1H NMR). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Gašić U, Kečkeš S, Dabić D, Trifković J, Milojković-Opsenica D, Natić M, Tešić Z. Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of Serbian polyfloral honeys. Food Chem 2013; 145:599-607. [PMID: 24128520 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A total of 58 polyfloral honey samples from different regions in Serbia were studied to determine their phenolic profile, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. UHPLC-LTQ OrbiTrap MS made possible the identification of 36 compounds: 24 flavonoids, two abscisic acids, and 10 phenolic acids and their derivatives. Quantification was done using 14 available standards. Data on phenolics and abscisic acids allowed the discrimination and classification of honeys in accordance to their geographical origin, using pattern recognition techniques, principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Samples originated from Vojvodina and Zlatibor region were clearly distinguished from those from the rest of Serbia because of the presence of dicaffeoylquinic acid, ellagic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, and chlorogenic acid, among others. A good correlation (r = 0.865) was observed between total phenolic content and radical-scavenging activity. Total phenolic content ranged from 0.03 to 1.39 mg GAE/g and radical scavenging activity ranged from 1.31% to 25.61%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroš Gašić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
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