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Wei S, Xu Q, Pei S, Lv Y, Lei Y, Zhang S, Zhai H, Hu Y. Unraveling the antifungal and anti-aflatoxin B 1 mechanisms of piperitone on Aspergillus flavus. Food Microbiol 2024; 123:104588. [PMID: 39038893 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus infects important crops and produces carcinogenic aflatoxins, posing a serious threat to food safety and human health. Biochemical analysis and RNA-seq were performed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of piperitone on A. flavus growth and aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis. Piperitone significantly inhibited the growth of A. flavus, AFB1 production, and its pathogenicity on peanuts and corn flour. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the synthesis of chitin, glucan, and ergosterol were markedly down-regulated, and the ergosterol content was reduced, resulting in a disruption in the integrity of the cell wall and cell membrane. Moreover, antioxidant genes were down-regulated, the correspondingly activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were reduced, and levels of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide were increased, leading to a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accompanied by ROS accumulation, DNA fragmentation and cell autophagy were observed, and 16 aflatoxin cluster genes were down-regulated. Overall, piperitone disrupts the integrity of the cell wall and cell membrane, triggers the accumulation of ROS, causes DNA fragmentation and cell autophagy, ultimately leading to defective growth and impaired AFB1 biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wei
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Qianru Xu
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Shan Pei
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Yangyong Lv
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Yang Lei
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Shuaibing Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Huanchen Zhai
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Yuansen Hu
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Henan University of Technology, Luohe, 462300, Henan, PR China.
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2
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Retnosari R, Ali AH, Zainalabidin S, Ugusman A, Oka N, Latip J. The recent discovery of a promising pharmacological scaffold derived from carvacrol: A review. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 109:129826. [PMID: 38830427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Carvacrol, called CA, is a dynamic phytoconstituent characterized by a phenol ring abundantly sourced from various natural reservoirs. This versatile scaffold serves as a pivotal template for the design and synthesis of novel drug molecules, harboring promising biological activities. The active sites positioned at C-4, C-6, and the hydroxyl group (-OH) of CA offer fertile ground for creating potent drug candidates from a pharmacological standpoint. In this comprehensive review, we delve into diverse synthesis pathways and explore the biological activity of CA derivatives. We aim to illuminate the potential of these derivatives in discovering and developing efficacious treatments against a myriad of life-threatening diseases. By scrutinizing the structural modifications and pharmacophore placements that enhance the activity of CA derivatives, we aspire to inspire the innovation of novel therapeutics with heightened potency and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rini Retnosari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; International Joint Department of Materials Science and Engineering Between National University of Malaysia and Gifu University, Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5 Malang, Indonesia
| | - Amatul Hamizah Ali
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Natsuhisa Oka
- International Joint Department of Materials Science and Engineering Between National University of Malaysia and Gifu University, Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Jalifah Latip
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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3
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Imam MW, Luqman S. Unveiling the mechanism of essential oil action against skin pathogens: from ancient wisdom to modern science. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:347. [PMID: 38985339 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Essential oils are among the most well-known phyto-compounds, and since ancient times, they have been utilized in medicine. Over 100 essential oils have been identified and utilized as therapies for various skin infections and related ailments. While numerous commercial medicines are available in different dosage forms to treat skin diseases, the persisting issues include their side effects, toxicity, and low efficacy. As a result, researchers are seeking novel classes of compounds as substitutes for synthetic drugs, aiming for minimal side effects, no toxicity, and high efficacy. Essential oils have shown promising antimicrobial activity against skin-associated pathogens. This review presents essential knowledge and scientific information regarding essential oil's antimicrobial capabilities against microorganisms that cause skin infections. Essential oils mechanisms against different pathogens have also been explored. Many essential oils exhibit promising activity against various microbes, which has been qualitatively assessed using the agar disc diffusion experiment, followed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration for quantitative evaluation. It has been observed that Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans have been extensively researched in the context of skin-related infections and their antimicrobial activity, including established modes of action. In contrast, other skin pathogens such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogens, Propionibacterium acnes, and Malassezia furfur have received less attention or neglected. This review report provides an updated understanding of the mechanisms of action of various essential oils with antimicrobial properties. This review explores the anti-infectious activity and mode of action of essential against distinct skin pathogens. Such knowledge can be valuable in treating skin infections and related ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Waquar Imam
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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4
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Dong Y, Wei Z, Yang R, Zhang Y, Sun M, Bai H, Mo M, Yao C, Li H, Shi L. Chemical Compositions of Essential Oil Extracted from Eight Thyme Species and Potential Biological Functions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4164. [PMID: 38140491 PMCID: PMC10747983 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Thymus is an herbaceous perennial or subshrub of the Lamiaceae family and is widely distributed worldwide. Essential oils extracted from thymus have attracted much attention, owing to their potential biological functions. Here, we evaluated the chemical compositions of eight thyme essential oils (TEOs) using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and assessed their antioxidant activity. The results showed that (1) the main components in eight TEOs were monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes (84.26-92.84%), and the chemical compositions of the TEOs were affected by the specie factor; (2) eight TEOs could be divided into three groups (thymol-, geraniol-, and nerol acetate-types), and thymol was the main type; (3) eight TEOs had some common compounds, such as thymol and p-cymene, which were the main components in seven TEOs; (4) eight TEOs had antioxidant activity, and Thymus pulegioides, Thymus thracicus, and Thymus serpyllum EOs had stronger antioxidant activity than vitamin E (0.07-0.27 fold) at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, while Thymus quinquecostatus and Thymus longicaulis EOs had relatively weak antioxidant activity. In addition, three chemical type standards were used to evaluate potential roles in antibacterial and tumor therapy. The results showed that thymol had strong antibacterial activity against the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and antimigratory activity for A549 cell. Overall, our results can provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the function of natural products from thyme essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ziling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meiyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hongtong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Meiling Mo
- Sinno Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528451, China; (M.M.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chunlei Yao
- Sinno Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528451, China; (M.M.); (C.Y.)
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
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5
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Alagöz T, Çalişkan FG, Bilgiçli HG, Zengin M, Sadeghi M, Taslimi P, Gulçin İ. Synthesis, characterization, biochemical, and molecular modeling studies of carvacrol-based new thiosemicarbazide and 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300370. [PMID: 37743251 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of carvacrol-based thiosemicarbazide (3a-e) and 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amine (4a-e) were designed and synthesized for the first time. The structures were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and high resolution mass spectroscopy techniques. All compounds were examined for some metabolic enzyme activities. Results indicated that all the synthetic molecules exhibited powerful inhibitory actions against human carbonic anhydrase I and II (hCAI and II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes compared to the standard molecules. Ki values of five novel thiosemicarbazides and five new 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amine derivatives (3a-e and 4a-e) for hCA I, hCA II, AChE, and BChE enzymes were obtained in the ranges 0.73-21.60, 0.42-15.08 µM, 3.48-81.48, 92.61-211.40 nM, respectively. After the experimental undertaking, an extensive molecular docking analysis was conducted to scrutinize the intricate details of interactions between the ligand and the enzyme in question. The principal focus of this investigation was to appraise the potency and efficacy of the most active compound. In this context, the calculated docking scores were noted to be remarkably low, with values of -8.65, -7.97, -8.92, and -8.32 kcal/mol being recorded for hCA I, hCA II, AChE, and BChE, respectively. These observations suggest a high affinity and specificity of the studied compounds toward the enzymes, as mentioned earlier, which may pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating the activity of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzile Alagöz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkiye
| | - Fatma Güneş Çalişkan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkiye
| | | | - Mustafa Zengin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkiye
| | - Morteza Sadeghi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkiye
| | - İlhami Gulçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkiye
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6
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Niu L, Wu Z, Liu J, Xiang Q, Bai Y. Enhancement effect of carvacrol on yeast inactivation by mild pressure carbon dioxide. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:353. [PMID: 37815591 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the common spoilage microorganisms in fruit juices. This paper investigated the influences of carvacrol on S. cerevisiae inactivation by mild pressure carbon dioxide (MPCO2). The results demonstrated that carvacrol synergistically enhanced the antifungal activity against S. cerevisiae of MPCO2. With the increase of carvacrol concentration (20-160 µg/mL), CO2 pressure (1.5-3.5 MPa), process temperature (20-40 °C), and treatment time (15-60 min), the inactivation effect of carvacrol combined with MPCO2 on S. cerevisiae was gradually increased and significantly stronger than either single treatment. In the presence of carvacrol, MPCO2 severely disordered the plasma membrane of S. cerevisiae, including the increase of membrane permeability, and the loss of membrane potential and integrity. MPCO2 and carvacrol in combination also aggravated the mitochondrial depolarization of S. cerevisiae and reduced intracellular ATP and protein content. This study suggests the potential of carvacrol and pressurized CO2 as an alternative technology for food pasteurization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Niu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control (Zhengzhou University of Light Industry), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Wu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfei Liu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qisen Xiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control (Zhengzhou University of Light Industry), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Bai
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control (Zhengzhou University of Light Industry), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Ergüden B, Lüleci HB, Ünver Y. Chalcone Schiff bases disrupt cell membrane integrity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans cells. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:246. [PMID: 37209304 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chalcones have a variety of cellular protective and regulatory functions that may have therapeutic potential in many diseases. In addition, they are considered to affect key metabolic processes in pathogens. Nevertheless, our current knowledge of the action of these compounds against fungal cell is scarce. Therefore, in this study, various substituted chalcone Schiff bases were investigated to reveal their cellular targets within the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. First, their antifungal activities were determined via minimum inhibitory concentration method. Surprisingly, parent chalcone Schiff bases showed little or no antifungal activity, while the nitro-substituted derivatives were found to be highly active against yeast cells. Next, we set out to determine the cellular target of active compounds and tested the involvement of the cell wall and cell membrane in this process. Our conductivity assay confirmed that the yeast cell membrane was compromised, and that ion leakage occurred upon treatment with nitro-substituted chalcone Schiff bases. Therefore, the cell membrane came to the fore as a possible target for the active chalcone derivatives. We also showed that exogenous ergosterol added to the growth medium reduced the inhibitory effect of chalcones. Our findings open up new possibilities for the design of future antimicrobial agents based on this appealing backbone structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengü Ergüden
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Büşra Lüleci
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ünver
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
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Baldassarre F, Schiavi D, Ciarroni S, Tagliavento V, De Stradis A, Vergaro V, Suranna GP, Balestra GM, Ciccarella G. Thymol-Nanoparticles as Effective Biocides against the Quarantine Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1285. [PMID: 37049378 PMCID: PMC10096886 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Quarantine pathogens require the investigation of new tools for effective plant protection. In particular, research on sustainable agrochemicals is the actual challenge. Plant extracts, essential oils, and gels are natural sources of efficient biocides, such as aromatic secondary metabolites. Thymol is the major phenolic constituent of thyme and oregano essential oils, and it can inhibit many pathogenic microbes. Thymol nanoparticles were obtained through adsorption on CaCO3 nanocrystals, exploiting their carrier action. High loading efficiency and capability were reached as verified through UV and TGA measurements. We report the first study of thymol effect on Xylella fastidiosa, conducing both fluorometric assay and in vitro inhibition assay. The first test confirmed the great antibacterial effect of this compound. Finally, an in vitro test revealed an interesting synergistic action of thymol and nanocarriers, suggesting the potential application of thymol-nanoparticles as effective biocides to control Xylella fastidiosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Baldassarre
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, UdR INSTM of Lecce University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Schiavi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Serena Ciarroni
- Phytoparasites Diagnostics (PhyDia) s.r.l., Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tagliavento
- Phytoparasites Diagnostics (PhyDia) s.r.l., Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Angelo De Stradis
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR—IPSP, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Viviana Vergaro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, UdR INSTM of Lecce University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Suranna
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mariano Balestra
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Phytoparasites Diagnostics (PhyDia) s.r.l., Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciccarella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, UdR INSTM of Lecce University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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9
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Liu L, Lei S, Lin X, Ji J, Wang Y, Zheng B, Zhang Y, Zeng H. Lotus seed resistant starch and sodium lactate regulate small intestinal microflora and metabolite to reduce blood lipid. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123553. [PMID: 36740125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Suzhen Lei
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoli Lin
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Junfu Ji
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hongliang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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10
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Silva-Beltrán NP, Boon SA, Ijaz MK, McKinney J, Gerba CP. Antifungal activity and mechanism of action of natural product derivates as potential environmental disinfectants. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 50:kuad036. [PMID: 37951298 PMCID: PMC10710307 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
There have been a considerable number of antifungal studies that evaluated natural products (NPs), such as medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites, (phenolic compounds, alkaloids), essential oils, and propolis extracts. These studies have investigated natural antifungal substances for use as food preservatives, medicinal agents, or in agriculture as green pesticides because they represent an option of safe, low-impact, and environmentally friendly antifungal compounds; however, few have studied these NPs as an alternative to disinfection/sanitation for indoor air or environmental surfaces. This review summarizes recent studies on NPs as potential fungal disinfectants in different environments and provides information on the mechanisms of inactivation of these products by fungi. The explored mechanisms show that these NPs can interfere with ATP synthesis and Ca++ and K+ ion flow, mainly damaging the cell membrane and cell wall of fungi, respectively. Another mechanism is the reactive oxygen species effect that damages mitochondria and membranes. Inhibition of the overexpression of the efflux pump is another mechanism that involves damage to fungal proteins. Many NPs appear to have potential as indoor environmental disinfectants. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY This review shows the latest advances in natural antifungals applied to different indoor environments. Fungi have generated increased tolerance to the mechanisms of traditional antifungals, so this review also explores the various mechanisms of action of various natural products to facilitate the implementation of technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Patricia Silva-Beltrán
- Department of Environmental Science, Water Energy Sustainable Technology (WEST) Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, CP 85745, USA
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, CP 85010, México
| | - Stephanie A Boon
- Department of Environmental Science, Water Energy Sustainable Technology (WEST) Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, CP 85745, USA
| | - M Khalid Ijaz
- Global Research & Development for Lysol and Dettol, Reckitt Benckiser LLC, Montvale, NJ, CP 07645, USA
| | - Julie McKinney
- Global Research & Development for Lysol and Dettol, Reckitt Benckiser LLC, Montvale, NJ, CP 07645, USA
| | - Charles P Gerba
- Department of Environmental Science, Water Energy Sustainable Technology (WEST) Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, CP 85745, USA
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11
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Han A, Hwang JH, Lee SY. Antimicrobial activities of Asian plant extracts against pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:229-238. [PMID: 36647525 PMCID: PMC9839934 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial effects of 300 Asian plant extracts (PEs) against pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. The antimicrobial activities were examined using agar well or agar disc diffusion, and micro-titer methods. Results revealed that PEs exhibited higher antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive bacteria compared than against Gram-negative bacteria. With few exceptions, PEs delayed the lag time (LT) of pathogenic bacteria (1.17-3.75 times). Among PEs tested, Alchornea trewioides (AT) and Erodium stephanianum (ES) were the most effective in inhibiting pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. In the study evaluating the effect on the growth inhibition in the broth, Acetobacter aceti was inhibited at 2.77 and 3.02 log CFU/mL by the combination treatment of AT+nisin and ES+nisin after storage for 7 days, respectively. Although further investigations are needed to clarify the antimicrobial mechanism of PEs, this study demonstrated that antimicrobial efficacy varied with PE types, solvents, and bacteria. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01182-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areum Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546 Republic of Korea
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12
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Anthracnose Controlled by Essential Oils: Are Nanoemulsion-Based Films and Coatings a Viable and Efficient Technology for Tropical Fruit Preservation? Foods 2023; 12:foods12020279. [PMID: 36673370 PMCID: PMC9857729 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-harvest diseases can be a huge problem for the tropical fruit sector. These fruits are generally consumed in natura; thus, their integrity and appearance directly affect commercialization and consumer desire. Anthracnose is caused by fungi of the genus Colletotrichum and affects tropical fruits, resulting in lesions that impair their appearance and consumption. Antifungals generally used to treat anthracnose can be harmful to human health, as well as to the environment. Therefore, essential oils (EO) have been investigated as natural biofungicides, successfully controlling anthracnose symptoms. The hydrophobicity, high volatility, and oxidative instability of essential oils limit their direct application; hence, these oils must be stabilized before food application. Distinct delivery systems have already been proposed to protect/stabilize EOs, and nanotechnology has recently reshaped the food application limits of EOs. This review presents robust data regarding nanotechnology application and EO antifungal properties, providing new perspectives to further improve the results already achieved in the treatment of anthracnose. Additionally, it evaluates the current scenario involving the application of EO directly or incorporated in films and coatings for anthracnose treatment in tropical fruits, which is of great importance, especially for those fruits intended for exportation that may have a prolonged shelf life.
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13
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Sakai T, Sakamoto JJ, Asada R, Furuta M, Tsuchido T. Different patterns of germination inhibition by carvacrol and thymol in Bacillus subtilis spores. JOURNAL OF MICROORGANISM CONTROL 2023; 28:3-13. [PMID: 37277956 DOI: 10.4265/jmc.28.1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify how the phenolic monoterpene carvacrol and its structural isomer thymol both as essential oil components (EOCs) inhibit the germination of Bacillus subtilis spore. Germination was evaluated by the OD600 reduction rate in a growth medium and phosphate buffer containing either l-alanine (l-Ala) system or l-asparagine, d-glucose, d-fructose plus KCl (AGFK) system. The germination of the wild-type spores in the Trypticase Soy broth (TSB) was found to be greatly inhibited by thymol than by carvacrol. Such a difference in the germination inhibition was confirmed by the dipicolinic acid (DPA) release from germinating spores in the AGFK buffer system, but not in the l-Ala system. Similar to the wild-type spores, no difference in the inhibitory activity between the EOCs was also indicated with the gerB, gerK-deletion mutant spores in the l-Ala buffer system and the above substantial difference was also done with the gerA-deleted mutant spores in the AGFK. Fructose was found to release spores from the EOC inhibition and inversely even stimulated. Increased concentrations of glucose and fructose partially suppressed the germination inhibition by carvacrol. The results obtained should contribute to the elucidation of the control effects of these EOCs on bacterial spores in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Sakai
- Department of Quantum and Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Jin J Sakamoto
- Research Center of Microorganism Control, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University
| | - Ryoko Asada
- Department of Quantum and Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
- Research Center of Microorganism Control, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University
- Radiation Research Center, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Masakazu Furuta
- Department of Quantum and Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
- Research Center of Microorganism Control, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University
- Radiation Research Center, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Tetsuaki Tsuchido
- Research Center of Microorganism Control, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University
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14
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Ji M, Li J, Fan L. Synergistic effect of oregano essential oil fumigation combined with infrared heating on the inactivation of Aspergillus flavus. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Zamani E, Ahmadi Shad A, Fatemi H, Mahboubi S, Motavallian A, Evazalipour M. Assessment of Protective Effects of Carvacrol on Haloperidol-Induced Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes. J Toxicol 2022; 2022:9565881. [PMID: 36329925 PMCID: PMC9626238 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9565881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Haloperidol is a first-generation antipsychotic drug that has several indications in a wide range of mental conditions. The extensive prescription of haloperidol is correlated with some less-known adverse effects such as genotoxicity. Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid mainly found in oregano and thyme. It has the potential to scavenge free radicals in addition to increasing antioxidant defense enzyme activities and glutathione levels. In this study, we attempted to explore the possible potential of haloperidol in inducing genotoxicity in human peripheral lymphocytes as well as the protective role of carvacrol against this effect. The lymphocytes were divided into separate groups as follows: control group (cosolvent and NS); carvacrol group (5 μM); haloperidol group (25, 50, and 100 ng/ml); haloperidol (25, 50, and 100 ng/ml) + carvacrol (5 μM); positive control (0.8 μg/ml Cisplatin). After 24 hours of treatment, we conducted a cytokinesis-Block micronucleus test and an alkaline comet assay in order to determine genetic damage. Additionally, we measured glutathione and MDA levels as the biomarkers associated with oxidative stress. Significant increases in the levels of genotoxicity biomarkers (micronucleus frequency, DNA percentage in tail and tail moment) were observed in haloperidol-treated cells. The result of our oxidative stress tests also demonstrated that haloperidol had the potential to induce oxidative stress via reducing the levels of glutathione and increasing lipid peroxidation. Treatment with carvacrol significantly decreased the genotoxic events. It can be presumed that the induction of oxidative stress by haloperidol is the critical event associated with haloperidol-mediated genotoxicity. Therefore, using carvacrol as a natural antioxidant protected human lymphocytes against haloperidol genetic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Zamani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Ahmadi Shad
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hediye Fatemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saba Mahboubi
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Azadeh Motavallian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mehdi Evazalipour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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16
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Wang B, Lei X, Chen J, Li W, Long Y, Wang W. Antifungal Activities of Bacillus mojavensis BQ-33 towards the Kiwifruit Black Spot Disease Caused by the Fungal Pathogen Didymella glomerata. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102085. [PMID: 36296359 PMCID: PMC9611226 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
‘Hongyang’ kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis, cultivar ‘Hongyang’) black spot disease is caused by the fungal pathogen Didymella glomerata, and is a serious disease, causing considerable losses to the kiwifruit industry during growth of the fruit. Hence, we aimed to identify a potential biocontrol agent against D. glomerata. In this study, bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere soil of kiwifruit were tested for their potential antifungal activity against selected fungal pathogens. Based on a phylogenetic tree constructed using sequences of 16S rDNA and the gyrA gene, BQ-33 with the best antifungal activity was identified as Bacillus mojavensis. We evaluated the antagonistic activity and inhibitory mechanism of BQ-33 against D. glomerata. Confrontation experiments showed that both BQ-33 suspension and the sterile supernatant (SS) produced by BQ-33 possessed excellent broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Furthermore, the SS damaged the cell membrane and cell wall of the mycelia, resulting in the leakage of a large quantity of small ions (Na+, K+), soluble proteins and nucleic acids. Chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities in SS increased in correlation with incubation time and remained at a high level for several days. An in vivo control efficacy assay indicated that 400 mL L−1 of SS completely inhibited kiwifruit black spot disease caused by D. glomerata. Therefore, BQ-33 is a potential biocontrol agent against kiwifruit black spot and plant diseases caused by other fungal pathogens. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of a rhizosphere microorganism as a biocontrol agent against kiwifruit black spot disease caused by D. glomerata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingce Wang
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xia Lei
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Youhua Long
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Weizhen Wang
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.W.)
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17
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Bactericidal Activity of Carvacrol against Streptococcus pyogenes Involves Alteration of Membrane Fluidity and Integrity through Interaction with Membrane Phospholipids. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14101992. [PMID: 36297428 PMCID: PMC9607399 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14101992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Carvacrol, a mono-terpenoid phenol found in herbs, such as oregano and thyme, has excellent antibacterial properties against Streptococcus pyogenes. However, its mechanism of bactericidal activity on S. pyogenes has not been elucidated. Objectives: This study investigated the bactericidal mechanism of carvacrol using three strains of S. pyogenes. Methods: Flow cytometry (FCM) experiments were conducted to determine carvacrol’s membrane permeabilization and cytoplasmic membrane depolarization activities. Protoplasts of S. pyogenes were used to investigate carvacrol’s effects on the membrane, followed by gel electrophoresis. The carvacrol-treated protoplasts were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe ultrastructural morphological changes. The fluidity of the cell membrane was measured by steady-state fluorescence anisotropy. Thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) profiling was conducted to study the affinity of carvacrol for membrane phospholipids. Results: Increased membrane permeability and decreased membrane potential from FCM and electron microscopy observations revealed that carvacrol killed the bacteria primarily by disrupting membrane integrity, leading to whole-cell lysis. Ultra-structural morphological changes in the membrane induced by carvacrol over a short period were confirmed using the S. pyogenes protoplast and membrane isolate models in vitro. In addition, changes in the other biophysical properties of the bacterial membrane, including concentration- and time-dependent increased fluidity, were observed. TLC experiments showed that carvacrol preferentially interacts with membrane phosphatidylglycerol (P.G.), phosphatidylethanolamine (P.E.), and cardiolipins (CL). Conclusions: Carvacrol exhibited rapid bactericidal action against S. pyogenes by disrupting the bacterial membrane and increasing permeability, possibly due to affinity with specific membrane phospholipids, such as P.E., P.G., and CL. Therefore, the bactericidal concentration of carvacrol (250 µg/mL) could be used to develop safe and efficacious natural health products for managing streptococcal pharyngitis or therapeutic applications.
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18
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Payandeh M, Ahmadyousefi M, Alizadeh H, Zahedifar M. Chitosan nanocomposite incorporated Satureja kermanica essential oil and extract: Synthesis, characterization and antifungal assay. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1356-1364. [PMID: 36115454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports the design, synthesis, and characterization of nanoencapsulated Satureja kermanica essential oil/extract by chitosan biopolymer (SKEO-CSN)/(SKEX-CSN) for the antifungal efficacy against Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Pythium aphanidermatum. The prepared SKEO-CSN and SKEX-CSN were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). GC-Mass analysis was done to identify Satureja kermanica essential oil chemical compounds (SKEO). Thirty-five different components were detected from GC-MS analysis. Thymol (46.54 %), and Carvacrol (30.54 %) were demonstrated as major compounds. Antifungal studies showed that the SKEO-CSN and SKEX-CSN formulation effectively inhibit fungal growth more than free SKEO and SKEX. According to the results, SKEO-CSN and SKEX-CSN provide a wide range of promising antifungal effects and can be applied as an efficient green strategy to protect plants from fungus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Payandeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jiroft, Jiroft 7867161167, Iran
| | | | - Hamidreza Alizadeh
- Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft 7867161167, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Zahedifar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jiroft, Jiroft 7867161167, Iran.
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19
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Ji M, Li J, Fan L. Study on the antifungal effect and mechanism of oregano essential oil fumigation against
Aspergillus flavus. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Ji
- State Key laboratory of Food Science & Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Jinwei Li
- State Key laboratory of Food Science & Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Liuping Fan
- State Key laboratory of Food Science & Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu China
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20
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Mohanasundari L, Brindha Devi GB, Saiyad Musthafa M, Madhavi M. Effects of Illicium verum Hook. f. (Chinese herb) enriched diet on growth performance, immune response and disease resistance in Catla catla [Hamilton] fingerlings against Aeromonashydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:455-462. [PMID: 35777711 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our present study investigates the effects of Illicium verum enriched diet on growth performance, immune response and disease resistance in Catla catla fingerlings against Aeromonas hydrophila. Experimental groups, i.e., infected C. catla were fed with 5 g/kg, 10 g/kg and 15 g/kg of I. verum diet for a period of 30 days showed a significant increase in their final body weight (FBW) over control. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in total weight gain (TWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion rate (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), condition factor (CF) and survival rate (SR) in 10 g/kg and 15 g/kg groups compared to control; also from 31 to 60 days these groups showed an enhanced (p < 0.05) complement activity, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst activity and lysosome activity. The experimental group fed with 10 g/kg of I. verum diet showed the least cumulative mortality rate (5%) compared to 5 g/kg (30%) and 15 g/kg (15%) experimental groups and in control (10%) and negative control (75%). Our present study highlights that challenged fish fed with the mid dosage of 10 g/kg showed a significant increase in overall growth performance, non susceptibility to diseases and tolerance against A. hydrophila in C. catla compared to other experimental groups including the group given with high dosage of 15 g/kg. Thus our results suggest 10 g/kg as the optimal dosage of I. verum that can be used to enrich the fish diet for a better performance and effective immunostimulation in commercially important C. catla for its sustainable culture and is reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mohanasundari
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, Ethiraj College for Women (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, 600 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - G B Brindha Devi
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, Queen Mary's College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, 600 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Saiyad Musthafa
- P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, 600 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Madhavi
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, Ethiraj College for Women (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, 600 008, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Wong CH, Tan MY, Li X, Li D. Fabrication of electrospun nanofibers with moisture-triggered carvacrol release in fresh produce packaging. J Food Sci 2022; 87:3129-3137. [PMID: 35674208 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, by incorporating polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibers, a moisture-controlled system was developed in the release of carvacrol to the food package headspaces. With the use of electrospinning technology, an optimized solution (80:20 [PLA:PEG] polymer mixture incorporated with a carvacrol content of 20% [w/w polymer]) generated nanofibers with excellent encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and controlled release of carvacrol at different humidity levels. Carvacrol was prevented from release when the fibers were kept in dry states. When placed in food packaging with high humidity levels, the nanofibers manifested high and continuous release of carvacrol into the headspace. The shelf life of strawberries determined by visual inspection was extended for 2 extra days when packaged with the optimized nanofibers and had a significantly lower yeasts and mold counts (4.28 ± 0.34 log CFU/g) compared to strawberries packaged without nanofibers (5.22 ± 0.47 log CFU/g) 3 days after applying the nanofibers (p < 0.05). PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The nanofibers with PEG content as developed in this study represent a step forward in practical application of the electrospinning technology to enhance food quality in food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hong Wong
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Yan Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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22
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Mahdy OA, Abdel-Maogood SZ, Abdelrahman HA, Fathy FM, Salem MA. Assessment of Verbesina alternifolia and Mentha piperita oil extracts on Clinostomum phalacrocoracis metacercariae from Tilapia zillii. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Clinostomiasis (yellow grub disease) is a disease of freshwater fish caused by the encysted metacercariae (EMC) of Clinostomum spp. showing retarded growth, unusual host behavior, and even death in fishes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to conduct an assessment of two selected plant extract: V. alternifolia and M. piperita oil extracts on tegument surface of C. phalacrocoracis metacercariae (MC) from T.zillii as utilisation of biodegradable, eco-friendly plant extracts in environmental remediation to avoid utilization of chemotherapy to control of parasitic diseases leading to potential long-term health risks on the environment and humans.
Results
The results of evaluation efficacy of plant oil extracts, namely V. alternifolia and M. piperita on C. phalacrocoracis MC infecting T. zillii, were dependent on dose and exposure time. The lethal concentrations caused by V. alternifolia extract were determined LC50 at (400 ppm/24 h), and contrarily, the worms from gp2 exposed to M. piperita extract at LC50 (1000 ppm/48 h) and did not cause complete mortality among the exposed worms. Statistically, mortality of C. phalacrocoracis caused by V. alternifolia was found to be a stronger effect significantly higher than that caused by M. piperita. The fine integument structures observed suffered stronger effect that appeared as severe damage and desquamation of worm’s teguments after exposure of V. alternifolia. In contrast, the M. piperita treatment exhibited edematous, swollen teguments, and blebs. Therefore, C. phalacrocoracis was an adequate model for evaluation of in vitro anthelmintic effects, contributing to the endeavors to identify suitable plant extracts, V. alternifolia and M. piperita.
Conclusions
This study highlights on assessment of selected two plant extracts; V. alternifolia and M. piperita revealed a stronger effect of V. alternifolia than M. piperita on tegumental surface of C. phalacrocoracis worms and, also, recommended the successful utilization of V. alternifolia on investigated worms as anthelmintic efficacy.
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Fitch G, Figueroa LL, Koch H, Stevenson PC, Adler LS. Understanding effects of floral products on bee parasites: Mechanisms, synergism, and ecological complexity. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2022; 17:244-256. [PMID: 35299588 PMCID: PMC8920997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Floral nectar and pollen commonly contain diverse secondary metabolites. While these compounds are classically thought to play a role in plant defense, recent research indicates that they may also reduce disease in pollinators. Given that parasites have been implicated in ongoing bee declines, this discovery has spurred interest in the potential for 'medicinal' floral products to aid in pollinator conservation efforts. We review the evidence for antiparasitic effects of floral products on bee diseases, emphasizing the importance of investigating the mechanism underlying antiparasitic effects, including direct or host-mediated effects. We discuss the high specificity of antiparasitic effects of even very similar compounds, and highlight the need to consider how nonadditive effects of multiple compounds, and the post-ingestion transformation of metabolites, mediate the disease-reducing capacity of floral products. While the bulk of research on antiparasitic effects of floral products on bee parasites has been conducted in the lab, we review evidence for the impact of such effects in the field, and highlight areas for future research at the floral product-bee disease interface. Such research has great potential both to enhance our understanding of the role of parasites in shaping plant-bee interactions, and the role of plants in determining bee-parasite dynamics. This understanding may in turn reveal new avenues for pollinator conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Fitch
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Laura L. Figueroa
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Hauke Koch
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Green, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Philip C. Stevenson
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Green, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Lynn S. Adler
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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24
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Antifungal properties of hybrid films containing the essential oil of Schinus molle: Protective effect against postharvest rot of tomato. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Ragab TIM, Zoheir KMA, Mohamed NA, El Gendy AENG, Abd-ElGawad AM, Abdelhameed MF, Farrag ARH, Elshamy AI. Cytoprotective potentialities of carvacrol and its nanoemulsion against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: development of nano-encasulation form. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09198. [PMID: 35368529 PMCID: PMC8968646 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (Cisp) is a widely distributed chemotherapeutic drug for cancers. Nephrotoxicity is one of the most common side effects of the use of this drug. Carvacrol (CV) is a common natural compound in essential oils and extracts of medicinal plants with potent in vivo and in vitro bioactivities. The work was extended to achieve the target of investigation of the protective potentialities of CV and its nanoemulsion as a cytoprotective drug against Cisp-induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats. CV-nanoemulsion was prepared by a hydrophilic surfactant polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) and deionized water. The TEM image of the particle distribution prepared nanoemulsion is mainly spherical in shape with particle size varying between 14 and 30 nm. Additionally, the Cisp administration caused the increasing of the levels of urea and creatinine in the blood and serum. These increasing of urea and creatinine levels caused consequently the turbulence of the oxidative stress as well as the rising of hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in the serum. Also, histopathological changes of the kidney tissue were observed. These changes back to normal by treatment with CV-nanoemulsion. Expression levels of nephrotoxicity-related genes including LGALS3, VEGF, and CAV1 in kidney tissue using qRT-PCR were measured. The results revealed that the expression of LGALS3, VEGF and CAV1 genes was highly significantly increased in only Cisp treated group when compared with other treated groups. While, these genes expressions were significantly decreased in Cisp + CV treated group when compared with Cisp treated rats (P < 0.001). In addition, there were no significant differences between Cisp + nano-CV treated group and both negative control and nanoemulsion alone groups but it was not significant. In addition, the Western blot of protein analysis results showed that the LGALS3 and CAV1 are highly expressed only in Cisp + CV treated group compared with other groups. There was no significant difference between Cisp + nano-CV treated animals and negative control for both mRNA and protein expression. Based on these results, CV was combined with calcium alginate; a more stable capsule is formed, allowing for the formation of a double wall in the microcapsule. These results supported the therapeutic effect of CV and its nano-emulsion as cytoprotective agents against Cisp nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer I M Ragab
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Khairy M A Zoheir
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Nadia A Mohamed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Nasser G El Gendy
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abd-ElGawad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Abdel Razik H Farrag
- Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdelsamed I Elshamy
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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Souza VVMA, Almeida JM, Barbosa LN, Silva NCC. Citral, carvacrol, eugenol and thymol: antimicrobial activity and its application in food. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2022.2032422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Wang H, Peng Z, Sun H. Antifungal activities and mechanisms of
trans
‐cinnamaldehyde and thymol against food‐spoilage yeast
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1197-1210. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huxuan Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Zhonghua Peng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Hongmin Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi China
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Leneveu-Jenvrin C, Aboudia A, Assemat S, Remize F. A three-step approach to assess efficacy of alternative chemical treatments to preserve fresh fruit juices: Application to pineapple (Ananas comosus ‘Queen Victoria’). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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A Comprehensive Review on Bio-Preservation of Bread: An Approach to Adopt Wholesome Strategies. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030319. [PMID: 35159469 PMCID: PMC8834264 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bread is a food that is commonly recognized as a very convenient type of food, but it is also easily prone to microbial attack. As a result of bread spoilage, a significant economic loss occurs to both consumers and producers. For years, the bakery industry has sought to identify treatments that make bread safe and with an extended shelf-life to address this economic and safety concern, including replacing harmful chemical preservatives. New frontiers, on the other hand, have recently been explored. Alternative methods of bread preservation, such as microbial fermentation, utilization of plant and animal derivatives, nanofibers, and other innovative technologies, have yielded promising results. This review summarizes numerous research findings regarding the bio-preservation of bread and suggests potential applications of these techniques. Among these techniques, microbial fermentation using lactic acid bacteria strains and yeast has drawn significant interest nowadays because of their outstanding antifungal activity and shelf-life extending capacity. For example, bread slices with Lactobacillus plantarum LB1 and Lactobacillus rossiae LB5 inhibited fungal development for up to 21 days with the lowest contamination score. Moreover, various essential oils and plant extracts, such as lemongrass oil and garlic extracts, demonstrated promising results in reducing fungal growth on bread and other bakery products. In addition, different emerging bio-preservation strategies such as the utilization of whey, nanofibers, active packaging, and modified atmospheric packaging have gained considerable interest in recent days.
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30
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Shojaee A, Anvar SA, Hamedi H, Sohrabi Haghdoost N, Bahmani S. Antifungal and antioxidant activity of two essential oils and
Lactococcus lactis
subsp.
lactis
extract on selected Iranian white cheese‐contaminating fungi. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asiyeh Shojaee
- Division of Physiology Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed AmirAli Anvar
- Department of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad UniversityTehran Iran
| | - Hassan Hamedi
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad UniversityTehran Iran
| | | | - Shilan Bahmani
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad UniversityTehran Iran
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31
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Yang T, Qin W, Zhang Q, Luo J, Lin D, Chen H. Essential-oil capsule preparation and its application in food preservation: A review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2021934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Qin
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Junyun Luo
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Derong Lin
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
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Gholami‐Ahangaran M, Ahmadi‐Dastgerdi A, Azizi S, Basiratpour A, Zokaei M, Derakhshan M. Thymol and carvacrol supplementation in poultry health and performance. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:267-288. [PMID: 34761555 PMCID: PMC8788968 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymol and carvacrol as natural essential oils and phenol compounds are components derived from some medicinal plants, such as thyme and oregano species. OBJECTIVES The increasing demands in organic and healthy meat and egg consumption in human society have made it necessary to consider alternative natural compounds for the replacement of chemical compounds in poultry production. The chemical compounds can remain in meat and eggs and cause complications in human health. Therefore, these natural compounds can be fed with a higher safety in poultry production with specific effects. In this regard, the role of thymol and carvacrol as natural compounds in the poultry production has been discussed in the review. METHODS In this study, by searching for keywords related to thymol and carvacrol in poultry production in Google Scholar database, the articles related to different aspects of the biological effects of these two phytogenes in poultry production were selected and analyzed. RESULTS A review of previous studies has shown that thymol and carvacrol possess a wide range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, modulating of immunity response and regulating of the gut microbial population. Also, in meat type chickens can promote growth and influence feed utilization. The beneficial effect of this compound was evaluated in hepatic toxicity and demonstrated as a hepatoprotective compound in chickens. Furthermore, these compounds can affect the behavior of layers and influence egg composition, eggshell thickness, and the sensory quality of eggs. CONCLUSION It seems that with the increasing demand for healthy protein products, these compounds can be used to improve performance as a substitute alternative for chemical compounds in healthy poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Gholami‐Ahangaran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Asiye Ahmadi‐Dastgerdi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ardestan BranchIslamic Azad UniversityArdestanIran
| | - Shahrzad Azizi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Bahonar University of KermanKermanIran
| | - Asal Basiratpour
- Graduated of Basic Sciences FacultyPayame Noor UniversityIsfahan BranchIsfahanIran
| | - Maryam Zokaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Masoud Derakhshan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Shoushtar BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShoushtarIran
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Kanyal J, Prakash O, Kumar R, Rawat DS, Singh RP, Srivastava RM, Pant AK. Essential oil composition and biological activities determination of Mosla dianthera (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Maxim. and its major isolated component, carvone. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e201031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Om Prakash
- G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, India
| | - Ravendra Kumar
- G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, India
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A Novel Antibacterial Component and the Mechanisms of an Amaranthus tricolor Leaf Ethyl Acetate Extract against Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010312. [PMID: 35008738 PMCID: PMC8745224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to determine the active ingredients in Amaranthus tricolor L. leaves and develop a biological pesticide. Organic solvent extraction, column chromatography, liquid chromatography, ODS-C18 reverse elution, Sephadex LH-20 gel filtration, H spectrum, and C spectrum were used to isolate the pure product for an assessment of the agricultural activity and bacteriostatic mechanisms. The results showed that the activity of the crude extract following carbon powder filtration was 1.63-fold that of the non-filtered extract. Further isolation was performed to obtain two pure products, namely, hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) and benzo[b]furan-2-carboxaldehyde (BFC), and their molecular formulas and molecular weights were C7H6O3 and 138.12, and C9H6O2 and 146.12, respectively. Our study is the first to determine that HBA has bacteriostatic activity (MIC 125 μg/mL) and is also the first to isolate BFC from A. tricolor. The ultrastructure observation results showed that HBA caused the bacteria to become shriveled, distorted, and deformed, as well as exhibit uneven surfaces. After HBA treatment, 70 differentially expressed metabolites were detected in the bacteria, of which 9 were downregulated and 61 were upregulated. The differentially expressed metabolites were mainly strigolactones, organic acids and derivatives, fatty acids, benzene and substituted benzene derivatives, amino acids and associated metabolites, and alcohols and amines. Among all of the downregulated differentially expressed metabolites, MEDP1280 was the most critical, as it participates in many physiological and biochemical processes. The enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed metabolites mainly participate in tyrosine metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. Additionally, HBA was found to disrupt cell membrane permeability and integrity, causing the leakage of substances and apoptosis. The physiological and biochemical test results showed that HBA could increase the pyruvate levels in bacteria but could decrease the activities of respiratory enzymes (malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and NADH oxidase) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)). Inverse molecular docking was used to study the binding between HBA and respiratory and antioxidant enzymes. The results showed that HBA could bind to MDH, NADH oxidase, SOD, and GSH-PX, suggesting that these enzymes may be the effector targets of HBA. Conclusion: The optimal active ingredient in A. tricolor that can inhibit Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli was identified as HBA. HBA mainly disrupts the cell membrane, damages the metabolic system, and inhibits respiration and antioxidant enzyme activity to control bacterial growth. These results provide a reference for the further development of biological pesticides.
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Liu T, Feng C, Li Z, Gu Z, Ban X, Hong Y, Cheng L, Li C. Efficient formation of carvacrol inclusion complexes during β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase-catalyzed cyclodextrin synthesis. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Zhan J, He F, Cai H, Wu M, Xiao Y, Xiang F, Yang Y, Ye C, Wang S, Li S. Composition and antifungal mechanism of essential oil from Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Fubaiju. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Chen J, Wu A, Yang M, Ge Y, Pristijono P, Li J, Xu B, Mi H. Characterization of sodium alginate-based films incorporated with thymol for fresh-cut apple packaging. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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38
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Tavares AG, Andrade J, Silva RRA, Marques CS, Silva JORD, Vanetti MCD, Melo NRD, Soares NDFF. Carvacrol-loaded liposome suspension: optimization, characterization and incorporation into poly(vinyl alcohol) films. Food Funct 2021; 12:6549-6557. [PMID: 34096962 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00479d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to encapsulate carvacrol into liposomes in order to promote its application in active food packaging. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of the concentration of the liposomal components on its characteristics. The optimum formulation for the preparation of liposomes with the highest encapsulation efficiency (59.0 ± 1.99%) was found to be 3000 μg mL-1 of cholesterol and 4000 μg mL-1 of carvacrol. Carvacrol reduced the polydispersity index and increased the zeta potential and the thermal stability of liposomes. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the interaction of carvacrol with liposomes occurred probably through hydrogen-bonding. The incorporation into liposomes maintained the antibacterial effect of carvacrol, but when in the film, carvacrol liposomes were not effective against the microorganisms tested. Liposomes may offer a viable option for stabilizing carvacrol, however, more studies are necessary to enable its application in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adassa Gama Tavares
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Li Y, Cui L, Du F, Han X, Li J. Impacts of ε‐polylysine hydrochloride with thymol on biogenic amines formation and biochemical changes of squid (
Illex
argentinus
). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchang Li
- College of Food Science and Technology Bohai University Jinzhou China
- Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province Bohai University Jinzhou China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products Jinzhou China
| | - Lei Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology Bohai University Jinzhou China
- Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province Bohai University Jinzhou China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products Jinzhou China
| | - Fengxia Du
- College of Food Science and Technology Bohai University Jinzhou China
- Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province Bohai University Jinzhou China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products Jinzhou China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Food Science and Technology Bohai University Jinzhou China
- Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province Bohai University Jinzhou China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products Jinzhou China
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science and Technology Bohai University Jinzhou China
- Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province Bohai University Jinzhou China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products Jinzhou China
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Hasanvand T, Mohammadi M, Abdollahpour F, Kamarehie B, Jafari A, Ghaderpoori A, Karami MA. A comparative study on antibacterial activity of carvacrol and glutaraldehyde on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus isolates: an in vitro study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:475-482. [PMID: 34150251 PMCID: PMC8172686 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The resistance of hospital bacterial isolates against traditional germicides, which used frequently, is one of the important factors contributing to emerging nosocomial infections. Moreover, due to having the side effects of chemical substances, the development of novel low-risk natural compounds seems necessary for control the spread of resistant pathogens in hospital environments. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of carvacrol and glutaraldehyde against two common hospital acquired pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. In this study 365 samples were collected from different wards of hospitals of Khorramabad, Iran. One hundred and sixty samples were identified as P. aeruginosa and S. aureus by using standard microbiological methods. Then the antibacterial effects of four combinations including carvacrol+ethanol, carvacrol+dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glutaraldehyde 2%, and pure glutaraldehyde (50%) were evaluated and determined using dilution broth and disk diffusion methods. Our results showed that the carvacrol had more antibacterial effects against selected bacteria compared to glutaraldehyde. Moreover, the optimal time and concentration of carvacrol+ethanol against hospital isolates of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was determined after 1 h at concentration of 64 μl/ml and 8 μl/ml, respectively. In conclusion by comparing the results of carvacrol and glutaraldehyde, seem that carvacrol, as an herbal and natural agent, may be a suitable alternative to glutaraldehyde in hospital equipment's' sterilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Hasanvand
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Foad Abdollahpour
- Department of Biochemical, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Bahram Kamarehie
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center and Department of Environmental Health, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Jafari
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center and Department of Environmental Health, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Afshin Ghaderpoori
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Karami
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center and Department of Environmental Health, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Gutiérrez-Escobar R, Fernández-Marín MI, Richard T, Fernández-Morales A, Carbú M, Cebrian-Tarancón C, Torija MJ, Puertas B, Cantos-Villar E. Development and characterization of a pure stilbene extract from grapevine shoots for use as a preservative in wine. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Antiparasitic and Antibacterial Functionality of Essential Oils: An Alternative Approach for Sustainable Aquaculture. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020185. [PMID: 33572193 PMCID: PMC7914417 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using synthetic antibiotics/chemicals for infectious bacterial pathogens and parasitic disease control causes beneficial microbial killing, produces multi-drug resistant pathogens, and residual antibiotic impacts in humans are the major threats to aquaculture sustainability. Applications of herbal products to combat microbial and parasitic diseases are considered as alternative approaches for sustainable aquaculture. Essential oils (EOs) are the secondary metabolites of medicinal plants that possess bioactive compounds like terpens, terpenoids, phenylpropenes, and isothiocyanates with synergistic relationship among these compounds. The hydrophobic compounds of EOs can penetrate the bacterial and parasitic cells and cause cell deformities and organelles dysfunctions. Dietary supplementation of EOs also modulate growth, immunity, and infectious disease resistance in aquatic organisms. Published research reports also demonstrated EOs effectiveness against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Gyrodactylus sp., Euclinostomum heterostomum, and other parasites both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, different infectious fish pathogenic bacteria like Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio harveyi, and Streptococcus agalactiae destruction was confirmed by plant originated EOs. However, no research was conducted to confirm the mechanism of action or pathway identification of EOs to combat aquatic parasites and disease-causing microbes. This review aims to explore the effectiveness of EOs against fish parasites and pathogenic bacteria as an environment-friendly phytotherapeutic in the aquaculture industry. Moreover, research gaps and future approaches to use EOs for sustainable aquaculture practice are also postulated.
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43
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Buerman EC, Worobo RW, Padilla-Zakour OI. High pressure processing of heat and pressure resistant fungi as affected by pH, water activity, sulfites, and dimethyl dicarbonate in a diluted apple juice concentrate. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Wijesundara NM, Lee SF, Cheng Z, Davidson R, Rupasinghe HPV. Carvacrol exhibits rapid bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pyogenes through cell membrane damage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1487. [PMID: 33452275 PMCID: PMC7811018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79713-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is an important human pathogen worldwide. The identification of natural antibacterial phytochemicals has renewed interest due to the current scarcity of antibiotic development. Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid found in herbs. We evaluated carvacrol alone and combined with selected antibiotics against four strains of S. pyogenes in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of carvacrol against S. pyogenes were 125 µg/mL (0.53 mM) and 250 µg/mL (1.05 mM), respectively. Kill curve results showed that carvacrol exhibits instantaneous bactericidal activity against S. pyogenes. We also demonstrated the potential mechanism of action of carvacrol through compromising the cell membrane integrity. Carvacrol induced membrane integrity changes leading to leakage of cytoplasmic content such as lactate dehydrogenase enzymes and nucleic acids. We further confirmed dose-dependent rupturing of cells and cell deaths using transmission electron microscopy. The chequerboard assay results showed that carvacrol possesses an additive-synergistic effect with clindamycin or penicillin. Carvacrol alone, combined with clindamycin or penicillin, can be used as a safe and efficacious natural health product for managing streptococcal pharyngitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niluni M Wijesundara
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka
| | - Song F Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Nova Scotia Health Authority, and the Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ross Davidson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Nova Scotia Health Authority, and the Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Division of Microbiology at the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. .,National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
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45
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Fonseca LM, Souza EJD, Radünz M, Gandra EA, Zavareze EDR, Dias ARG. Suitability of starch/carvacrol nanofibers as biopreservatives for minimizing the fungal spoilage of bread. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117166. [PMID: 33183617 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of fungi to starch/carvacrol nanofibers produced by electrospinning. The nanofibers were incorporated into bread dough or used in the development of active packages to minimize bread spoilage. In agar diffusion and micro-atmosphere assays, the nanofibers with 30 % or 40 % carvacrol presented inhibition zones with low growth and were effective inhibiting both the fungi evaluated in this work. The MICs for nanofibers with 30 % carvacrol were 0.098 and 9.8 mg/mL against Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus flavus, respectively; for the 40 % nanofibers, the MIC was 19.6 mg/mL against Aspergillus flavus. As for MFC, only the 30 % nanofibers exerted fungicidal effect. The treatments administered directly to the bread dough had low colony-forming unit. For bioactive packages, nonwovens with 30 % carvacrol were effective in preventing bread spoilage. Thus, nanofibers are a good alternative to chemical additives or bioactive packages in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martins Fonseca
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Marjana Radünz
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Eliezer Avila Gandra
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Elessandra da Rosa Zavareze
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Alvaro Renato Guerra Dias
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
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46
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A review of the methods used to determine the target site or the mechanism of action of essential oils and their components against fungi. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-04102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractEssential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of compounds derived from plants that exhibit antimicrobial activity. Several studies have demonstrated their antifungal activity in food matrices or in vitro via vapor phase or direct addition. Recently, researchers are focusing on elucidating the target site or the mechanism of action of various EOs. Past research has suggested evidence of how EOs act in the fungal cells via assays assessed from cell wall alterations or gene expression modifications. However, no previous reports have summarized most methods for finding the target site of the mechanism of action for EOs. Therefore, this review presents the methods and assays used to discover the target site or the mechanism of action of EOs against fungal cells. Researchers commonly analyze the plasma membrane integrity using various techniques as well as the changes in cell morphology. Meanwhile, the quantification of the activity of the mitochondrial enzymes, ROS species, and gene expression are less assayed.
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47
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Ebani VV, Mancianti F. Use of Essential Oils in Veterinary Medicine to Combat Bacterial and Fungal Infections. Vet Sci 2020; 7:E193. [PMID: 33266079 PMCID: PMC7712454 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are secondary metabolites of plants employed in folk medicine for a long time thanks to their multiple properties. In the last years, their use has been introduced in veterinary medicine, too. The study of the antibacterial properties of EOs is of increasing interest, because therapies with alternative drugs are welcome to combat infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains. Other issues could be resolved by EOs employment, such as the presence of antibiotic residues in food of animal origin and in environment. Although the in vitro antimicrobial activity of EOs has been frequently demonstrated in studies carried out on bacterial and fungal strains of different origins, there is a lack of information about their effectiveness in treating infections in animals. The scientific literature reports some studies about in vitro EOs' activity against animal clinical bacterial and fungal isolates, but in vivo studies are very scanty. The use of EOs in therapy of companion and farm animals should follow careful studies on the toxicity of these natural products in relation to animal species and route of administration. Moreover, considering the different behavior of EOs in relation to both species and strain pathogen, before starting a therapy, an aromatogram should be executed to choose the oil with the best antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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48
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Motta Felício I, Limongi de Souza R, de Oliveira Melo C, Gervázio Lima KY, Vasconcelos U, Olímpio de Moura R, Eleamen Oliveira E. Development and characterization of a carvacrol nanoemulsion and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity against selected food-related pathogens. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:299-306. [PMID: 33037668 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carvacrol has been recognized as an efficient growth inhibitor of food pathogens. However, carvacrol oil is poorly water-soluble and can be oxidized, decomposed or evaporated when exposed to the air, light, or heat. To overcome these limitations, a carvacrol nanoemulsion was developed and its antimicrobial activity against food pathogens evaluated in this study. The nanoemulsion containing 3% carvacrol oil, 9% surfactants (HLB 11) and 88% water, presented good stability over a period of 90 days. In general, the carvacrol nanoemulsion (MIC: 256 µg ml-1 for E. coli and Salmonella spp., 128 µg ml-1 for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) exhibited improved antimicrobial activity compared to the free oil. The carvacrol nanoemulsion additionally displayed bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa and Salmonella spp. Therefore, the results of this study indicated that carvacrol oil nanoemulsions can potentially be incorporated into food formulations, wherein their efficacy for the prevention and control of microbial growth could be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Motta Felício
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, State University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - R Limongi de Souza
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, State University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - C de Oliveira Melo
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, State University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - K Y Gervázio Lima
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - U Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - R Olímpio de Moura
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, State University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - E Eleamen Oliveira
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, State University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil
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49
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Wang Z, Cai R, Gao Z, Yuan Y, Yue T. Immunomagnetic separation: An effective pretreatment technology for isolation and enrichment in food microorganisms detection. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3802-3824. [PMID: 33337037 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The high efficiency and accurate detection of foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in food are a task of great social, economic, and public health importance. However, the contamination levels of target bacteria in food samples are very low. Owing to the background interference of food ingredients and negative impact of nontarget flora, the establishment of efficient pretreatment techniques is very crucial for the detection of food microorganisms. With the significant advantages of high specificity and great separation efficiency, immunomagnetic separation (IMS) assay based on immunomagnetic particles (IMPs) has been considered as a powerful system for the separation and enrichment of target bacteria. This paper mainly focuses on the development of IMS as well as their application in food microorganisms detection. First, the basic principle of IMS in the concentration of food bacteria is presented. Second, the effect of different factors, including the sizes of magnetic particles (MPs), immobilization of antibody and operation parameters (the molar ratio of antibody to MPs, the amount of IMPs, incubation time, and bacteria concentration) on the immunocapture efficiency of IMPs are discussed. The performance of IMPs in different food samples is also evaluated. Finally, the combination of IMS and various kinds of detection methods (immunology-based methods, nucleic acid-based methods, fluorescence methods, and biosensors) to detect pathogenic and spoilage organisms is summarized. The challenges and future trends of IMS are also proposed. As an effective pretreatment technique, IMS can improve the detection sensitivity and shorten their testing time, thus exhibiting broad prospect in the field of food bacteria detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouli Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (YangLing), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (YangLing), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenpeng Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (YangLing), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (YangLing), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (YangLing), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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50
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Screening of Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity of 90 Commercial Essential Oils against 10 Pathogens of Agronomical Importance. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101418. [PMID: 33036495 PMCID: PMC7599922 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the demand for a reduction of chemical pesticides use is growing. In parallel, the development of alternative methods to protect crops from pathogens and pests is also increasing. Essential oil (EO) properties against plant pathogens are well known, and they are recognized as having an interesting potential as alternative plant protection products. In this study, 90 commercially available essential oils have been screened in vitro for antifungal and antibacterial activity against 10 plant pathogens of agronomical importance. EOs have been tested at 500 and 1000 ppm, and measures have been made at three time points for fungi (24, 72 and 120 h of contact) and every two hours for 12 h for bacteria, using Elisa microplates. Among the EOs tested, the ones from Allium sativum, Corydothymus capitatus, Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Eugenia caryophyllus, and Litsea citrata were particularly efficient and showed activity on a large panel of pathogens. Among the pathogens tested, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum, and Fusarium graminearum were the most sensitive, while Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Phytophthora infestans were the less sensitive. Some EOs, such as the ones from A. sativum, C. capitatus, C. cassia, C. zeylanicum, C. citratus, C. flexuosus, E. caryophyllus, and L. citrata, have a generalist effect, and are active on several pathogens (7 to 10). These oils are rich in phenols, phenylpropanoids, organosulfur compounds, and/or aldehydes. Others, such as EOs from Citrus sinensis, Melaleuca cajputii, and Vanilla fragrans, seem more specific, and are only active on one to three pathogens. These oils are rich in terpenes and aldehydes.
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