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Escrivá L, Agahi F, Vila-Donat P, Mañes J, Meca G, Manyes L. Bioaccessibility Study of Aflatoxin B 1 and Ochratoxin A in Bread Enriched with Fermented Milk Whey and/or Pumpkin. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 14:toxins14010006. [PMID: 35050983 PMCID: PMC8779489 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of mycotoxins in cereals and cereal products remains a significant issue. The use of natural ingredients such as pumpkin and whey, which contain bioactive compounds, could be a strategy to reduce the use of conventional chemical preservatives. The aim of the present work was to study the bioaccessibility of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin (OTA) in bread, as well as to evaluate the effect of milk whey (with and without lactic acid bacteria fermentation) and pumpkin on reducing mycotoxins bioaccessibility. Different bread typologies were prepared and subjected to an in vitro digestion model. Gastric and intestinal extracts were analyzed by HPLC-MS/qTOF and mycotoxins bioaccessibility was calculated. All the tested ingredients but one significantly reduced mycotoxin intestinal bioaccessibility. Pumpkin powder demonstrated to be the most effective ingredient showing significant reductions of AFB1 and OTA bioaccessibility up to 74% and 34%, respectively. Whey, fermented whey, and the combination of pumpkin-fermented whey showed intestinal bioaccessibility reductions between 57-68% for AFB1, and between 11-20% for OTA. These results pointed to pumpkin and milk whey as potential bioactive ingredients that may have promising applications in the bakery industry.
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2
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Aguilar-Zuniga K, Laurie VF, Moore-Carrasco R, Ortiz-Villeda B, Carrasco-Sánchez V. Agro-industrial Waste Products as Mycotoxin Biosorbents: A Review of in Vitro and in Vivo Studies. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2001653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - V. Felipe Laurie
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Moore-Carrasco
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Talca University, Talca, Chile
| | - Bryan Ortiz-Villeda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Talca University, Talca, Chile
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Escrivá L, Manyes L, Vila-Donat P, Font G, Meca G, Lozano M. Bioaccessibility and bioavailability of bioactive compounds from yellow mustard flour and milk whey fermented with lactic acid bacteria. Food Funct 2021; 12:11250-11261. [PMID: 34708849 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02059e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbial fermentation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a natural food biopreservation method. Yellow mustard and milk whey are optimum substrates for LAB fermentation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of bioactive compounds from yellow mustard flour and milk whey both with and without LAB fermentation. All extracts were subjected to a simulated digestion process. Total polyphenols, DL-3-phenyllactic acid (PLA), lactic acid, and the antioxidant activity were determined in the studied matrices before and after simulated digestion. Yellow mustard flour was significantly richer in total polyphenols, whereas significantly higher concentrations of PLA and lactic acid were observed in milk whey. Similar antioxidant activity was determined in both ingredients being in all cases strongly reduced after in vitro digestion. Higher bioaccessibility was found for polyphenols and PLA in milk whey. Transepithelial transport of total polyphenols was higher in yellow mustard flour compared to milk whey, reaching bioavailability values between 3-7% and 1-2%, respectively. PLA transepithelial transport was only significant in both fermented matrices with bioavailability around 4-6%. Transepithelial transport of lactic acid reached values of 31-34% (bioavailability ∼ 22%) and 15-78% (bioavailability ∼ 3%) in milk whey and yellow mustard flour, respectively. LAB fermentation showed beneficial effects on enriching extracts with PLA, lactic acid, and antioxidant activity, as well as increasing bioaccessibility of these acids in yellow mustard flour and total polyphenol bioavailability in milk whey. Results pointed to yellow mustard flour and milk whey as natural preservative ingredients used in the food industry, especially when fermented with LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Escrivá
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av/Vicent A. Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - L Manyes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av/Vicent A. Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - P Vila-Donat
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av/Vicent A. Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - G Font
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av/Vicent A. Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - G Meca
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av/Vicent A. Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - M Lozano
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av/Vicent A. Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
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Jiao Y, Liu C, Feng C, Regenstein JM, Luo Y, Tan Y, Hong H. Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Transport of Deltamethrin in Pacific Oyster ( Magallana Gigas) Using Simulated Digestion/NCM460 Cell Models. Front Nutr 2021; 8:726620. [PMID: 34485369 PMCID: PMC8415909 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.726620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DEL) can be introduced into the food chain through bioaccumulation in Pacific oysters, and then potentially threaten human health. The objective of this study was to investigate the bioaccessibility of DEL in oysters with different cooking methods after simulated digestion. DEL content in different tissues of oysters going from high to low were gills, mantle, viscera, and adductor muscle. Bioaccessibility of DEL in oysters decreased after steaming (65%) or roasting (51%) treatments compared with raw oysters (82%), which indicated that roasting can be used as a recommended cooking method for oysters. In the simulated digestion process, the concentration of DEL in the digestive juice and the bioaccessibility of DEL were affected by the pH in the gastric phase. And the transport efficiency of DEL through the monolayer molecular membrane of NCM460 cells ranged from 35 to 45%. These results can help assess the potential harm to consumers of DEL in shellfish. Furthermore, it provides a reference for the impact of lipophilic toxins in seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadan Jiao
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chune Liu
- Institute of Yantai, China Agricultural University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chunsong Feng
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Joe M Regenstein
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Yongkang Luo
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Tan
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Hong
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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5
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Beauvericin and Enniatins: In Vitro Intestinal Effects. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12110686. [PMID: 33138307 PMCID: PMC7693699 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Food and feed contamination by emerging mycotoxins beauvericin and enniatins is a worldwide health problem and a matter of great concern nowadays, and data on their toxicological behavior are still scarce. As ingestion is the major route of exposure to mycotoxins in food and feed, the gastrointestinal tract represents the first barrier encountered by these natural contaminants and the first structure that could be affected by their potential detrimental effects. In order to perform a complete and reliable toxicological evaluation, this fundamental site cannot be disregarded. Several in vitro intestinal models able to recreate the different traits of the intestinal environment have been applied to investigate the various aspects related to the intestinal toxicity of emerging mycotoxins. This review aims to depict an overall and comprehensive representation of the in vitro intestinal effects of beauvericin and enniatins in humans from a species-specific perspective. Moreover, information on the occurrence in food and feed and notions on the regulatory aspects will be provided.
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6
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Salim A, Nadri S, Hosseini MJ, Rokni-Zadeh H, Mohseni M. Protective effect of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus against the toxicity of beauvericin mycotoxin on the Caco-2 cell line. Toxicon 2020; 185:184-187. [PMID: 32673610 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the protective effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus against the toxicity of the Beauvericin on the Caco-2 cell line. After culturing Caco-2 cells and applying different concentrations of Beauvericin and L. acidophilus individually and in combination, cell viability was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at different times. The results indicate the potential risk of Beauvericin to human health and the interventional role of L. acidophilus, which improved cell viability in the presence of Beauvericin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahdiye Salim
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Samad Nadri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mir-Jamal Hosseini
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hassan Rokni-Zadeh
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mehran Mohseni
- Department of Food and Drug Control, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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Pallarés N, Righetti L, Generotti S, Cavanna D, Ferrer E, Dall'Asta C, Suman M. Investigating the in vitro catabolic fate of Enniatin B in a human gastrointestinal and colonic model. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 137:111166. [PMID: 32001315 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Enniatin B is an emerging mycotoxin known to present biological activity because of its ionophoric characteristics. This compound has demonstrated strong in vitro cytotoxicity against different cancer cells, also at low molecular concentrations. Its natural occurrence in food commodities and feed is highly reported world-wide, but few information is available about its stability in the human gastro-intestinal tract. The present work evaluates the catabolic fate of enniatin B upon in vitro simulated digestion and colonic fermentation. LC-MS target and untargeted analysis have been performed to quantify the extent of enniatin B degradation and the formation of catabolic products. The results obtained showed significant degradation of enniatin B (degradation rate 79 ± 5%) along the gastrointestinal tract and further degradation of residual enniatin B was observed during colonic fermentation after 24 h of incubation. Moreover, 5 catabolic metabolites of enniatin B were putatively identified after gastrointestinal digestion resulting from the oxidation and opening of the depsipeptide ring. As a final step, the pharmacokinetic properties of enniatin B degradation products were tested in silico revealing that some of them may be adsorbed at the gastrointestinal level more than the parent compound. Additionally, the smaller degradation products showed moderate blood-brain-barrier crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Pallarés
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Generotti
- Barilla G.R. F.lli SpA, Advanced Laboratory Research, via Mantova 166, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Cavanna
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy; Barilla G.R. F.lli SpA, Advanced Laboratory Research, via Mantova 166, Parma, Italy
| | - Emilia Ferrer
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Chiara Dall'Asta
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Michele Suman
- Barilla G.R. F.lli SpA, Advanced Laboratory Research, via Mantova 166, Parma, Italy
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Shanakhat H, Sorrentino A, Raiola A, Reverberi M, Salustri M, Masi P, Cavella S. Technological properties of durum wheat semolina treated by heating and UV irradiation for reduction of mycotoxin content. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hina Shanakhat
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Angela Sorrentino
- Centre for Food Innovation and Development in the Food IndustryUniversity of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Assunta Raiola
- Centre for Food Innovation and Development in the Food IndustryUniversity of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | | | - Manuel Salustri
- Department of Environmental BiologyUniversity “Sapienza” Rome Italy
| | - Paolo Masi
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
- Centre for Food Innovation and Development in the Food IndustryUniversity of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Silvana Cavella
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
- Centre for Food Innovation and Development in the Food IndustryUniversity of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
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9
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Saladino F, Posarelli E, Luz C, Luciano F, Rodriguez-Estrada M, Mañes J, Meca G. Influence of probiotic microorganisms on aflatoxins B 1 and B 2 bioaccessibility evaluated with a simulated gastrointestinal digestion. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Toxicity reduction of ochratoxin A by lactic acid bacteria. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 112:60-66. [PMID: 29274433 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by the metabolism of fungus belonging to the genus Aspergillus and Penicillium. In this paper we report, the capacity of different cultures of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to degrade OTA present in MRS broth at both pH 3.5 and 6.5. A study of OTA reduction during gastrointestinal digestion carried out with the LAB was also performed. Taking into account the two reduction mechanisms of OTA studied in this work as the enzymatic one and the adsorption on the cell wall, as well as at pH 3.5 and 6.5 the reduction values of OTA were in a range of 30-99%, being the strains with greater reduction (97% and 95%) Lb. rhamnosus CECT 278T and Lb. plantarum CECT 749 respectively. In the experiments carried out digesting the OTA in MRS medium with LAB, the highest bioaccessibility reduction was observed by the strain of Lb. johnsonii CECT 289, showing a mean reduction around all the gastrointestinal digestion process of 97.4%. The mass spectrometry associated to the linear ion trap method identified ochratoxin alpha (OTα) m/z = 256.1 and phenylalanine (Phe) m/z = 166.1 as the major metabolites of OTA degradation in LAB cultures.
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Luz C, Saladino F, Luciano FB, Mañes J, Meca G. Occurrence, toxicity, bioaccessibility and mitigation strategies of beauvericin, a minor Fusarium mycotoxin. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 107:430-439. [PMID: 28720287 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Emerging Fusarium mycotoxins include the toxic secondary metabolites fusaproliferin, enniatins, beauvericin (BEA), and moniliform. BEA is produced by some entomo- and phytopathogenic Fusarium species and occurs naturally on corn and corn-based foods and feeds infected by Fusarium spp. BEA has shown various biological activities (antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal) and possesses toxic activity, including the induction of apoptosis, increase cytoplasmic calcium concentration and lead to DNA fragmentation in mammalian cell lines. Cereals food processing has an important effect on mycotoxin stability, leading to less-contaminated food compared to the raw materials. Different industrial processes have shown to be effective practices to reduce BEA contents due to thermal food processing applied, such as cooking, boiling, baking, frying, roasting and pasteurization. Some studies demonstrated the capacity of lactic acid bacteria to reduce the presence of the BEA in model solution and in food chain through fermentation processes, modifying this mycotoxin in a less toxic derivate. Prebiotic and probiotic ingredient can modulate the bioaccessibility of BEA reducing the risk of intake of this minor Fusarium mycotoxin. This review summarizes the existing data on occurrence, toxicity and especially on BEA reduction strategies in food and feed such as chemical reduction, biocontrol and food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Luz
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 4610, Burjassot, Spain
| | - F Saladino
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 4610, Burjassot, Spain
| | - F B Luciano
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J Mañes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 4610, Burjassot, Spain
| | - G Meca
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 4610, Burjassot, Spain.
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Ferrer M, Manyes L, Mañes J, Meca G. Influence of prebiotics, probiotics and protein ingredients on mycotoxin bioaccessibility. Food Funct 2015; 6:987-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01140f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of prebiotic compounds (cellulose and inulin), food ingredients (milk whey, β-lactoglobulin and calcium caseinate) and several probiotic microorganisms on the bioaccessibility of beauvericin (BEA), enniatins (ENs A, A1, B, B1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) present in wheat crispy bread produced with wheat flour previously fermented with F. tricinctum, F. culmorum and G. zeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ferrer
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Valencia
- 46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - L. Manyes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Valencia
- 46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - J. Mañes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Valencia
- 46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - G. Meca
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Valencia
- 46100 Burjassot
- Spain
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