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Shimojima Y, Kanai Y, Moriyama T, Arakawa S, Tamura Y, Morita Y. Analysis of Alternative Methods of Environmental Monitoring for Listeria in Food Production Facilities. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100214. [PMID: 38182093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Validated alternative test methodologies may be used in place of culture-based methods recommended for environmental monitoring programs (EMPs) for Listeria in food production facilities. In order to help guide decisions on which testing method to use to simplify Listeria EMP implementation in food production facilities, alternative methods were compared to the culture-based method in actual EMPs for Listeria. Seventy-two samples collected from two facilities of souzai production businesses that use meat and meat products as ingredients, one facility of processed meat product production business, and one facility of processed meat product and souzai production business were applied to EMPs for Listeria using the culture-based method, 3MTM Molecular Detection System (MDS), and InSite L. mono Glo (InSite). The kappa coefficient in MDS was 0.65 for Listeria monocytogenes and 0.74 for Listeria spp., both of which were deemed substantial compared with the culture-based method. The kappa coefficient in InSite was -0.01 for L. monocytogenes and 0.50 for Listeria spp., which indicated poor and moderate reproducibility, respectively. When the medium of InSite was smeared on agar medium, 7 of the 19 samples tested positive only for Listeria spp. (negative for L. monocytogenes) but L. monocytogenes was cultured, indicating that the sensitivity of detecting L. monocytogenes via fluorescence may be low. MDS was considered a useful alternative for both L. monocytogenes and Listeria spp. as targets, and InSite was not possible as a substitute for detecting L. monocytogenes; however, it is considered a helpful alternative method for detecting Listeria spp. EMPs for Listeria often target Listeria spp. as an indicator of L. monocytogenes. The alternative methods studied in this study are rapid, simple, and useful in EMPs for Listeria. However, the data in this study were a comparatively small sample set and impacted by variability, so more robust comparisons are desirable in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Shimojima
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
| | - Yuji Kanai
- Neogen Japan, 1-2-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | | | - Sayoko Arakawa
- Sagamihara City Hall, 2-11-15 Chuo, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5277, Japan
| | - Yumi Tamura
- Sagamihara City Institute of Public Health, 2-11-15 Chuo, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5277, Japan
| | - Yukio Morita
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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2
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Samarajeewa U. Emerging challenges in maintaining marine food-fish availability and food safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4734-4757. [PMID: 37732477 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The marine finfish and crustaceans contribute immensely to human nutrition. Harvesting marine food-fish to meet the global demand has become a challenge due to reduction of the fishery areas and food safety hazards associated with increased pre-harvest and post-harvest contaminations. The causes of low fish availability and contaminations were reviewed following the published literature from 2000 to 2023. The marine fish yields are stressed due to spread of contaminants triggered by rising sea temperatures, transport of microorganisms by marine vessels across the oceans, anthropogenic activities leading to increase in the toxic microorganisms, and the entry of toxic chemicals and antibiotic residues into the seawater through rivers or directly. Processing adds pyrogenic chemicals to foods. The hazardous materials may accumulate in the food-fish, beyond tolerance limits permitted for human foods. While the research and control measures focus on minimizing the hazards due to pathogenic microorganisms and chemicals in market fish, there is less discussion on the unhealthy changes occurring in the oceans affecting the quantity and quality of food-fish, and the origins of microbial and chemical contaminations. This review examines the factors affecting availability of wild food-fish and increased contaminations. It aims to bridge the knowledge gaps between the spread of hazardous agents in the marine environment, and their effects on the food-fish. Meeting the future human food security and safety through marine fish and fish products may need marine cage farming, introduction of genetically modified high yielding food-fish, and cultured contaminant free finless fish muscles as options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upali Samarajeewa
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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3
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Identification of Listeria species and Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) Typing of Listeria innocua and Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Cattle Farms and Beef and Beef-Based Products from Retail Outlets in Mpumalanga and North West Provinces, South Africa. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12010147. [PMID: 36678495 PMCID: PMC9862459 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Listeria isolates (214) were characterized as follows: L. innocua (77.10%), L. monocytogenes (11.21%), L. welshimeri (5.61%), L. grayi (1.40%), L. seeligeri (0.93%), and L. species (3.73%) that were not identified at the species level, from beef and beef based products from retail and farms in Mpumalanga and North West provinces of South Africa. MLVA was further used to type Listeria innocua isolates (165) and Listeria monocytogenes isolates (24). The L. monocytogenes isolates were also serogrouped using PCR. The MLVA protocol for L. monocytogenes typing included six tandem repeat primer sets, and the MLVA protocol for L. innocua included the use of three tandem repeats primer sets. The L. monocytogenes serogroups were determined as follows: 4b-4d-4e (IVb) (37.50%), 1/2a-3a (IIa) (29.16%), 1/2b-3b (IIb) (12.50%), 1/2c-3c (IIc) (8.33%), and IVb-1 (4.16%). MLVA could cluster isolates belonging to each specie, L. monocytogenes, and L. innocua isolates, into MLVA-related strains. There were 34 and 10 MLVA types obtained from the MLVA typing of L. innocua and L. monocytogenes, respectively. MLVA clustered the L. monocytogenes isolates irrespective of sample category, serogroups, and geographical origin. Similarly, the L. innocua isolates clustered irrespective of meat category and geographical origin. MLVA was able to cluster isolates based on MLVA relatedness. The clustering of isolates from farms and retailers indicates transmission of Listeria spp. MLVA is an affordable, simple, and discriminatory method that can be used routinely to type L. monocytogenes and L. innocua isolates.
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Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Characterization of
Listeria
Isolates from Produce Packinghouses and Fresh-Cut Facilities Suggests Both Persistence and Reintroduction of Fully Virulent L. monocytogenes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0117722. [PMID: 36286532 PMCID: PMC9680643 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01177-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of ready-to-eat produce with Listeria monocytogenes (LM) can often be traced back to environmental sources in processing facilities and packinghouses. To provide an improved understanding of Listeria sources and transmission in produce operations, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of LM (n = 169) and other Listeria spp. (n = 107) obtained from 13 produce packinghouses and three fresh-cut produce facilities. Overall, a low proportion of LM isolates (9/169) had inlA premature stop codons, and a large proportion (83/169) had either or both of the LIPI-3 or LIPI-4 operons, which have been associated with hypervirulence. The further analysis of the WGS data by operation showed a reisolation (at least 2 months apart) of highly related isolates (<10 hqSNP differences) in 7/16 operations. Two operations had highly related strains reisolated from samples that were collected at least 1 year apart. The identification of isolates collected during preproduction (i.e., following sanitation but before the start of production) that were highly related to isolates collected during production (i.e., after people or products have entered and begun moving through the operation) provided evidence that some strains were able to survive standard sanitation practices. The identification of closely related isolates (<20 hqSNPs differences) in different operations suggests that cross-contamination between facilities or introductions from common suppliers may also contribute to Listeria transmission. Overall, our data suggest that the majority of LM isolates collected from produce operations are fully virulent and that both persistence and reintroduction may lead to the repeat isolation of closely related Listeria in produce operations. IMPORTANCEListeria monocytogenes is of particular concern to the produce industry due to its frequent presence in natural environments as well as its ability to survive in packinghouses and fresh-cut processing facilities over time. The use of whole-genome sequencing, which provides high discriminatory power for the characterization of Listeria isolates, along with detailed source data (isolation date and sample location) shows that the presence of Listeria in produce operations appears to be due to random and continued reintroduction as well as to the persistence of highly related strains in both packinghouses and fresh-cut facilities. These findings indicate the importance of using high-resolution characterization approaches for root cause analyses of Listeria contamination issues. In cases of repeat isolation of closely related Listeria in a given facility, both persistence and reintroduction need to be considered as possible root causes.
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Microbial Indicators and Possible Focal Points of Contamination during Production and Processing of Catfish. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182778. [PMID: 36140905 PMCID: PMC9497987 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The catfish industry is important to the United States economy. The present study determined the levels of microbial indicators and the prevalence of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes at catfish farms and catfish processing plants. Live fish, water, and sediment samples were analyzed in farms. Fish skin, fillets, chiller water, and environmental surfaces were assessed at the processing plants both during operation and after sanitation. Live fish had 2% prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes, while sediment and water were negative for Listeria. Live fish skin counts averaged 4.2, 1.9, and 1.3 log CFU/cm2 aerobic (APC), total coliform (TCC) and generic Escherichia coli counts, respectively. Water and sediment samples averaged 4.8 and 5.8 log CFU/g APC, 1.9 and 2.3 log CFU/g TCC, and 1.0 and 1.6 log CFU/g generic E. coli counts, respectively. During operation, Listeria prevalence was higher in fillets before (57%) and after (97%) chilling than on fish skin (10%). Process chiller water had higher (p ≤ 0.05) APC, TCC, and Listeria prevalence than clean chiller water. After sanitation, most sampling points in which Listeria spp. were present had high levels of APC (>2.4 log CFU/100 cm2). APC combined with Listeria spp. could be a good approach to understand microbial contamination in catfish plants.
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Genomic Analysis of Prophages Recovered from Listeria monocytogenes Lysogens Found in Seafood and Seafood-Related Environment. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071354. [PMID: 34206706 PMCID: PMC8303350 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A prophage is a phage-related sequence that is integrated into a bacterial chromosome. Prophages play an important role in bacterial evolution, survival, and persistence. To understand the impact of Listeria prophages on their host genome organizations, this work sequenced two L. monocytogenes strains (134LM and 036LM), previously identified as lysogens by mitomycin C induction. Draft genomes were generated with assembly sizes of 2,953,877 bp and 3,000,399 bp. One intact prophage (39,532 bp) was inserted into the comK gene of the 134LM genome. Two intact prophages (48,684 bp and 39,488 bp) were inserted in tRNA-Lys and elongation-factor genes of the 036LM genome. The findings confirmed the presence of three corresponding induced phages previously obtained by mitomycin C induction. Comparative genomic analysis of three prophages obtained in the newly sequenced lysogens with 61 prophages found in L. monocytogenes genomes, available in public databases, identified six major clusters using whole genome-based phylogenetic analysis. The results of the comparative genomic analysis of the prophage sequences provides knowledge about the diversity of Listeria prophages and their distribution among Listeria genomes in diverse environments, including different sources or geographical regions. In addition, the prophage sequences and their insertion sites contribute to the genomic diversity of L. monocytogenes genomes. These data of prophage sequences, prophage insertion sites, and prophage sequence comparisons, together with ANIb confirmation, could be useful for L. monocytogenes classification by prophages. One potential development could be refinement of prophage typing tools for monitoring or surveillance of L. monocytogenes contamination and transmission.
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7
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Bacterial surface, biofilm and virulence properties of Listeriamonocytogenes strains isolated from smoked salmon and fish food contact surfaces. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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Hai D, Kong LY, Lu ZX, Huang XQ, Bie XM. Inhibitory effect of different chicken-derived lactic acid bacteria isolates on drug resistant Salmonella SE47 isolated from eggs. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:54-63. [PMID: 33765334 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) regulate and maintain the stability of healthy microbial flora, inhibit the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria and promote the colonization of beneficial micro-organisms. The drug resistance and pathogenicity of Salmonella enteritis SE47 isolated from retail eggs were investigated. Meanwhile, Enterococcus faecalis L76 and Lactobacillus salivarius LAB35 were isolated from intestine of chicken. With SE47 as indicator bacteria, the diameters of L76 and LAB35 inhibition zones were 12 mm and 8·5 mm, respectively, by agar inhibition circle method, which indicated that both of them had inhibitory effect on Salmonella, and L76 had better antibacterial effect; two chicken-derived lactic acid bacteria isolates and Salmonella SE47 were incubated with Caco-2. The adhesion index of L76 was 17·5%, which was much higher than that of LAB35 (10·21%) and SE47 (4·89%), this experiment shows that the higher the bacteriostatic effect of potential probiotics, the stronger the adhesion ability; then Caco-2 cells were incubated with different bacteria, and the survival of Caco-2 cells was observed by flow cytometry. Compared with Salmonella SE47, the results showed that lactic acid bacteria isolates could effectively protect Caco-2 cells; finally, after different bacteria incubated Caco-2 cells, according to the cytokine detection kit, the RNA of Caco-2 cells was extracted and transcribed into cDNA, then detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR, the results showed that L76 could protect Caco-2 cells from the invasion of Salmonella SE47, with less cell membrane rupture and lower expression of MIF and TNF genes. Therefore, the lactic acid bacteria isolates can effectively inhibit the adhesion of Salmonella and protect the integrity of intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - L Y Kong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Z X Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - X Q Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - X M Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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9
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Abatcha MG, Tan PL, Chuah LO, Rusul G, Chandraprasad SR, Effarizah ME. Evaluation of 3M™ loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based kit and 3M™ ready-to-use plating system for detection of Listeria in naturally contaminated leafy vegetables, chicken, and their related processing environments. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1141-1148. [PMID: 32670668 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of two different rapid methods involving the 3M™ molecular detection assay Listeria and the 3M™ Petrifilm environmental Listeria Plate were evaluated for the rapid detection of Listeria from naturally contaminated vegetables and chicken-processing environments against the standard culture-based method. A total of 178 samples were examined for the presence of Listeria. A total of 47/178 (26.4%) by standard ISO culture-based method (EN ISO 11290-1), 42/178 (23.6%) by 3M™ MDA Listeria and 40/178 (22.5%) by 3M™ Petrifilm EL Plate showed positive results, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for 3M™ MDA Listeria and 3M™ Petrifilm EL Plate were 97.2, 89.4, 99.3, 97.7, 96.4% and 96.1, 85.1, 100.0, 100.0, 94.9%, respectively. Based on the Cohen's Kappa value, there was a complete and robust concordance between 3M™ MDA Listeria (0.911) and 3M™ Petrifilm EL Plates (0.894) as compared to the standard culture-based method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Goni Abatcha
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang Malaysia
| | - Pei Ling Tan
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang Malaysia
| | - Li-Oon Chuah
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang Malaysia
| | - Gulam Rusul
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang Malaysia
| | - S R Chandraprasad
- Food Safety Department, 3M Malaysia, Level 8, Block F, Oasis Square, Ara Damansara, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Esah Effarizah
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang Malaysia
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Oliveros AD, Bernier D, Obando-Chaves M, Váquiro HA. Overall Quality and Sanitation Evaluation of Fish Stores at Local Markets in Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1016-1021. [PMID: 31121106 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Results indicated ineffective cleaning and sanitation of surfaces and utensils. High incidence of coliforms indicated inadequate product handling. The low compliance with regulations was corroborated by luminometry results. Deficiencies in hygiene practices could be indicative of potential food safety problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie D Oliveros
- Centro de Desarrollo Agroindustrial del Tolima, Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué CP 730006, Colombia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-1423 [H.A.V.])
| | - Daniel Bernier
- Centro de Desarrollo Agroindustrial del Tolima, Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué CP 730006, Colombia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-1423 [H.A.V.])
| | - Mónica Obando-Chaves
- Centro de Desarrollo Agroindustrial del Tolima, Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué CP 730006, Colombia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-1423 [H.A.V.])
| | - Henry A Váquiro
- Centro de Desarrollo Agroindustrial del Tolima, Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué CP 730006, Colombia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-1423 [H.A.V.])
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Nwabor OF, Vongkamjan K, Voravuthikunchai SP. Antioxidant Properties and Antibacterial Effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Ethanolic Leaf Extract on Biofilm Formation, Motility, Hemolysin Production, and Cell Membrane of the Foodborne Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:581-589. [PMID: 30998111 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumer concerns toward chemical preservatives have resulted in increased search for healthy green alternative. In this study, the antioxidant activity and antibacterial effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis ethanolic leaf extract against Listeria monocytogenes, a serious foodborne pathogen, was evaluated. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were 11.10 mg garlic acid equivalent/mg extract and 15.05 mg quercetin equivalent/mg extract, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration of the extract was 64-128 μg/mL and 256-512 μg/mL, respectively. Time-kill assay revealed growth inhibitory effects after 4-h treatment of the bacteria with the extract. A reduction of ≈2-3 log colony-forming units per milliliter was observed against the tested food and environmental isolates after challenging the pathogens with the extract at MIC for 6 h. Sub-MICs of the extract significantly inhibited motility and listeriolysin O production up to 80%, with 60% inhibition of biofilm formation (p < 0.05). Antioxidant assay revealed free radical scavenging activity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 57.07 μg/mL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 29.01 μg/mL for ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] assay. Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay further showed a total antioxidant power equivalent to 92.93 μM ascorbic acid equivalent/mg extract. As the extract exhibited profound antilisterial activity and good radical scavenging ability, it might serve as a potential alternative source of biopreservative agent against L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozioma Forstinus Nwabor
- 1Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Kitiya Vongkamjan
- 2Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- 1Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
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12
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Characterization of Listeria prophages in lysogenic isolates from foods and food processing environments. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214641. [PMID: 30934000 PMCID: PMC6443182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prophages are commonly found in Listeria genomes, potentially enhancing survival or fitness of Listeria spp. Currently, there is still limited information on the distribution of prophages among Listeria isolates of different allelic types and from various sources. In this study, by using mitomycin C induction, prophages were found in 23/144 isolates (16.0%), including 13 L. monocytogenes and 10 Listeria spp. isolates, resulting in 28 and 11 induced phages, respectively. These prophage-carrying isolates (lysogens) were obtained from foods and food-related environments presenting 3 common allelic types (ATs) of L. monocytogenes (lineage I, II and IV), 4 ATs of L. innocua and 1 AT of L. welshimeri. The likelihood of prophage-carrying isolates of L. monocytogenes was 14.4 (95% CI: 4.9–35.4), and 18.5 (95% CI: 4.8–50.2) for Listeria spp. The 39 induced phages were classified into 3 lysis groups by the host range test against 9 major serotypes of L. monocytogenes and 5 species of Listeria. Most phages were host-specific with higher ability to lyse L. monocytogenes serotype 4 than other serotypes. The genome size of phages ranged from 35±2 kb to 50±2 kb and belonged to two common phage families, Myoviridae and Siphoviridae. Restriction analysis classified 19 selected phages into 16 restriction profiles, suggesting highly diverse prophages with at least 16 types. This may contribute to the variation in the genomes of Listeria. Information obtained here provides basic knowledge for further study to understand the overall role of prophages in Listeria, including roles in survival or fitness in foods and food processing environments.
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McDermott A, Whyte P, Brunton N, Bolton DJ. Thermal Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in Crab Meat. J Food Prot 2018; 81:2003-2006. [PMID: 30476441 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important bacterial pathogen in seafood products, but limited information is currently available on the thermal resistance of relevant isolates in seafood. Thermal inactivation studies were undertaken (i) to provide much needed thermal inactivation data for L. monocytogenes in crab meat and (ii) to investigate whether tryptone soya broth (TSB) is representative of crab meat in thermal inactivation studies involving L. monocytogenes. D-values were obtained for a cocktail of two crab isolates (serotypes 1/2a and 4b) at 50, 55, and 60°C. In crab meat, D-values were 174.4, 28.2, and 1.6 min, respectively. Similar D-values of 176.4, 28.8, and 1.4 min were obtained in TSB. The corresponding z-values were 4.9°C (crab meat) and 4.8°C (TSB), respectively. The conclusions were that (i) current pasteurization conditions (e.g., 70°C for 2 min) would achieve complete destruction of any L. monocytogenes present in crab meat and (ii) TSB could be used as a model matrix for assessing the thermal inactivation of L. monocytogenes in crab meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- A McDermott
- 1 Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.,2 School of Veterinary Medicine
| | - P Whyte
- 2 School of Veterinary Medicine
| | - N Brunton
- 3 School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - D J Bolton
- 1 Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
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14
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Zoellner C, Ceres K, Ghezzi-Kopel K, Wiedmann M, Ivanek R. Design Elements of Listeria Environmental Monitoring Programs in Food Processing Facilities: A Scoping Review of Research and Guidance Materials. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1156-1171. [PMID: 33350161 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), the causative agent of listeriosis, in food processing facilities presents considerable challenges to food producers and food safety authorities. Design of an effective, risk-based environmental monitoring (EM) program is essential for finding and eliminating Lm from the processing environment to prevent product contamination. A scoping review was conducted to collate and synthesize available research and guidance materials on Listeria EM in food processing facilities. An exhaustive search was performed to identify all available research, industry and regulatory documents, and search results were screened for relevance based on eligibility criteria. After screening, 198 references were subjected to an in-depth review and categorized according to objectives for conducting Listeria sampling in food processing facilities and food sector. Mapping of the literature revealed research and guidance gaps by food sector, as fresh produce was the focus in only 10 references, compared to 72 on meat, 52 on fish and seafood, and 50 on dairy. Review of reported practices and guidance highlighted key design elements of EM, including the number, location, timing and frequency of sampling, as well as methods of detection and confirmation, and record-keeping. While utilization of molecular subtyping methods is a trend that will continue to advance understanding of Listeria contamination risks, improved study design and reporting standards by researchers will be essential to assist the food industry optimize their EM design and decision-making. The comprehensive collection of documents identified and synthesized in this review aids continued efforts to minimize the risk of Lm contaminated foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Zoellner
- Dept. of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. 14850, U.S.A
| | - Kristina Ceres
- Dept. of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. 14850, U.S.A
| | - Kate Ghezzi-Kopel
- Albert R. Mann Library, Univ. Library, 237 Mann Dr, Ithaca, N.Y. 14853, U.S.A
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Dept. of Food Science, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. 14853, U.S.A
| | - Renata Ivanek
- Dept. of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. 14850, U.S.A
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Skowron K, Grudlewska K, Gryń G, Skowron K, Świeca A, Paluszak Z, Zimek Z, Rafalski A, Gospodarek-Komkowska E. Effect of electron beam and gamma radiation on drug-susceptible and drug-resistantListeria monocytogenesstrains in salmon under different temperature. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:828-842. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Skowron
- Department of Microbiology; Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń; Collegium Medicum of L. Rydygier in Bydgoszcz; Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - K. Grudlewska
- Department of Microbiology; Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń; Collegium Medicum of L. Rydygier in Bydgoszcz; Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - G. Gryń
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute; Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - K.J. Skowron
- Faculty of Telecommunications, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering; University of Science and Technology; Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - A. Świeca
- Department of Microbiology and Food Technology; University of Science and Technology; Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Z. Paluszak
- Department of Microbiology and Food Technology; University of Science and Technology; Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Z. Zimek
- Center of Research and Radiation Technology; Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology; Warsaw Poland
| | - A. Rafalski
- Center of Research and Radiation Technology; Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology; Warsaw Poland
| | - E. Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology; Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń; Collegium Medicum of L. Rydygier in Bydgoszcz; Bydgoszcz Poland
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Heir E, Møretrø T, Simensen A, Langsrud S. Listeria monocytogenes strains show large variations in competitive growth in mixed culture biofilms and suspensions with bacteria from food processing environments. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 275:46-55. [PMID: 29631210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Interactions and competition between resident bacteria in food processing environments could affect their ability to survive, grow and persist in microhabitats and niches in the food industry. In this study, the competitive ability of L. monocytogenes strains grown together in separate culture mixes with other L. monocytogenes (L. mono mix), L. innocua (Listeria mix), Gram-negative bacteria (Gram- mix) and with a multigenera mix (Listeria + Gram- mix) was investigated in biofilms on stainless steel and in suspensions at 12 °C. The mixed cultures included resident bacteria from processing surfaces in meat and salmon industry represented by L. monocytogenes (n = 6), L. innocua (n = 5) and Gram-negative bacteria (n = 6; Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas fragi, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia liquefaciens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia). Despite hampered in growth in mixed cultures, L. monocytogenes established in biofilms with counts at day nine between 7.3 and 9.0 log per coupon with the lowest counts in the Listeria + G- mix that was dominated by Pseudomonas. Specific L. innocua inhibited growth of L. monocytogenes strains differently; inhibition that was further enhanced by the background Gram-negative microbiota. In these multispecies and multibacteria cultures, the growth competitive effects lead to the dominance of a strong competitor L. monocytogenes strain that was only slightly inhibited by L. innocua and showed strong competitive abilities in mixed cultures with resident Gram-negative bacteria. The results indicates complex patterns of bacterial interactions and L. monocytogenes inhibition in the multibacteria cultures that only partially depend on cell contact and likely involve various antagonistic and bacterial tolerance mechanisms. The study indicates large variations among L. monocytogenes in their competitiveness under multibacterial culture conditions that should be considered in further studies towards understanding of L. monocytogenes persistence in food processing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even Heir
- Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fishery and Aquaculture Research, N-1430 Aas, Norway.
| | - Trond Møretrø
- Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fishery and Aquaculture Research, N-1430 Aas, Norway
| | - Andreas Simensen
- Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fishery and Aquaculture Research, N-1430 Aas, Norway
| | - Solveig Langsrud
- Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fishery and Aquaculture Research, N-1430 Aas, Norway
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Vongkamjan K, Benjakul S, Kim Vu HT, Vuddhakul V. Longitudinal monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria phages in seafood processing environments in Thailand. Food Microbiol 2017; 66:11-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rothrock MJ, Davis ML, Locatelli A, Bodie A, McIntosh TG, Donaldson JR, Ricke SC. Listeria Occurrence in Poultry Flocks: Detection and Potential Implications. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:125. [PMID: 29018807 PMCID: PMC5615842 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, and Listeria are a major concern within the food industry due to their pathogenic potential to cause infection. Of these, Listeria monocytogenes, possesses a high mortality rate (approximately 20%) and is considered one of the most dangerous foodborne pathogens. Although the usual reservoirs for Listeria transmission have been extensively studied, little is known about the relationship between Listeria and live poultry production. Sporadic and isolated cases of listeriosis have been attributed to poultry production and Listeria spp. have been isolated from all stages of poultry production and processing. Farm studies suggest that live birds may be an important vector and contributor to contamination of the processing environment and transmission of Listeria to consumers. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to highlight the occurrence, incidence, and potential systemic interactions of Listeria spp. with poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Rothrock
- USDA-ARS, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Morgan L. Davis
- Center for Food Safety, Food Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Aude Locatelli
- USDA-ARS, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Aaron Bodie
- Center for Food Safety, Food Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Tori G. McIntosh
- USDA-ARS, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Janet R. Donaldson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Center for Food Safety, Food Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Identification and classification of sampling sites for pathogen environmental monitoring programs for Listeria monocytogenes: Results from an expert elicitation. Food Microbiol 2017; 75:2-17. [PMID: 30056959 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen Environmental Monitoring (PEM) programs for Listeria are important to reduce the contamination risk for exposed Ready-To-Eat (RTE) food products with L. monocytogenes. Specific guidance to identify appropriate sampling sites in individual facilities, including equipment and other sites, will facilitate effective L. monocytogenes control and PEM programs. Key goals of Listeria PEM programs are to (i) identify and eliminate niches that allow for Listeria growth and survival and (ii) verify and validate preventive controls such as sanitation programs and sanitation standard operating procedures (SSOPs), sanitary equipment and facility design. Here, an initial list of 77 sampling sites covering Zones 1-4 was assembled based on current literature and guidance documents with initial classification of sites into (i) Zones 1, 2, 3, and 4; (ii) likely niches or transfer sites, and (iii) verification sites or indicator sites. An expert elicitation that included responses from 16 food safety professionals was used to (i) refine sampling site descriptions and identify 6 new sampling sites that were not included in the original list, (ii) refine classification of sites (e.g., into niches versus transfer sites), and (iii) rank sites on level of importance from 1 to 5. The final sample site list includes sampling sites classified by zone and type of site as well as relative importance of site based on reviewer feedback. This document thus provides an initial set of sites that can be used by industry to help in the development or refinement of Listeria PEM programs. The availability of this ranked list of sampling sites should reduce barriers to development of science based Listeria PEM programs.
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Mikš-Krajnik M, Lim HSY, Zheng Q, Turner M, Yuk HG. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) coupled with bioluminescence for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes at low levels on food contact surfaces. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vongkamjan K, Fuangpaiboon J, Turner MP, Vuddhakul V. Various Ready-to-Eat Products from Retail Stores Linked to Occurrence of Diverse Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria spp. Isolates. J Food Prot 2016; 79:239-45. [PMID: 26818984 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Listeriosis outbreaks have been associated with a variety of foods. This study investigated the prevalence and diversity of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria spp. in ready-to-eat (RTE) products and evaluated the performance of a rapid detection method, the 3M molecular detection assay for L. monocytogenes (MDA-LM), for detection of L. monocytogenes. Assay results were compared with those obtained using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration standard culture method described in the Bacteriological Analytical Manual. Products (n = 200) were purchased from retail stores: 122 aquatic products, 22 products of animal origin, 18 vegetarian products, 15 deli meat products, 13 salad and vegetable products, 4 desserts, 2 egg-based products, and 4 other products. L. monocytogenes prevalence was comparable with both methods. Overall, 15 (7.5%) of 200 samples were positive for L. monocytogenes: 3% of aquatic products, 1.5% of products of animal origin, 1% of vegetarian products, and 2% of deli meat products. Compared with the standard culture method, the sensitivity, specificity, and the accuracy of the MDA-LM were 86.7% (95% confidence interval, 58.4 to 97.7%), 98.4% (95% confidence interval, 95.0 to 99.6%), and 97.5%, respectively. Using the culture-based method, 18 (9%) of 200 samples were positive for Listeria species other than L. monocytogenes. Listeria isolates from these samples were classified into nine allelic types (ATs). The majority of isolates were classified as ATs 58 and 74, which were identified as L. monocytogenes lineages I and IV, respectively. Listeria innocua and Listeria welshimeri also were represented by isolates of multiple ATs. The MDA-LM is a rapid and reliable technique for detecting L. monocytogenes in various RTE foods. Further study is needed to develop effective control strategies to reduce L. monocytogenes contamination in RTE foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitiya Vongkamjan
- Department of Food Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand 90112.
| | - Janejira Fuangpaiboon
- 3M Food Safety, 3M Thailand Ltd., Asoke-Montri Road, Wattana, Bangkok, Thailand 10110
| | | | - Varaporn Vuddhakul
- Department of Microbiology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand 90112
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Odedina GF, Vongkamjan K, Voravuthikunchai SP. Potential Bio-Control Agent from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa against Listeria monocytogenes. Nutrients 2015; 7:7451-68. [PMID: 26371033 PMCID: PMC4586541 DOI: 10.3390/nu7095346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen implicated in many outbreaks of listeriosis. This study aimed at screening for the potential use of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa ethanolic leaf extract as a bio-control agent against L. monocytogenes. Twenty-two L. monocytogenes isolates were checked with 16 commercial antibiotics and isolates displayed resistance to 10 antibiotics. All the tested isolates were sensitive to the extract with inhibition zones ranging from 14 to 16 mm. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranged from 16 to 32 µg/mL and 128 to 512 µg/mL, respectively. Time-kill assay showed that the extract had remarkable bactericidal effects on L. monocytogenes. The extract at a concentration of 16 µg/mL reduced tolerance to 10% NaCl in L. monocytogenes in 4 h. Stationary phase L. monocytogenes cells were rapidly inactivated by greater than 3-log units within 30 min of contact time with R. tomentosa extract at 128 µg/mL. Electron microscopy revealed fragmentary bacteria with changes in the physical and morphological properties. Our study demonstrates the potential of the extract for further development into a bio-control agent in food to prevent the incidence of L. monocytogenes contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Fiyinfoluwa Odedina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
- Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
| | - Kitiya Vongkamjan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
- Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
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The bactericidal activity of acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes on raw fish, chicken and beef surfaces. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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