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Thi Mac TH, Phuong Nguyen TD, Dang MN, Quyen Ta TT, Spagnoli P, Uyttendaele M, Jacxsens L. Towards a risk-based food safety management system in the fresh produce supply chain in Da Nang, Viet Nam. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32701. [PMID: 38975236 PMCID: PMC11225736 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Food safety has emerged as a paramount concern for both Vietnamese consumers and the government. However, limited data are available on food safety management systems in Viet Nam. This study identified significant gaps in good agricultural and hygienic practices along the fresh produce chain (farmers and traditional wholesalers/market sellers) in the region of Da Nang, Viet Nam. This was achieved through a survey on good agricultural and hygienic practices for farmers (n = 100) and sellers (n = 100), which researchers further supplemented by microbiological analysis for E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes on leafy greens, water in contact with produce and contact surfaces (hands). The results indicated that 86.0 % of farmers and 54.0 % of sellers received food safety training in the last 3 years; and women dominated both vegetable cultivation but also trading. Farm-level deficiencies included inadequate handwashing practices, lack of documentation for manure application schedules, improper washing and drying of harvest tools, failure to keep containers elevated off the ground, improper storage of vegetables, and inadequate covering of containers, with respectively 34.0 %, 30.3 %, 12.1 %, 41.7 % and 7.9 % of farmers executing the practice as prescribed by the WHO/FAO '5 keys of growing safer fruits and vegetables'. As for sellers, the most dominant gaps (<50.0 % compliance) were the way of handwashing and the practice of keeping containers elevated off the ground before, during, and after harvesting. The microbiological analysis confirmed that, in a total of 36 fresh produce samples including mustard greens, cucumber, lettuce, and crown daisy, the number of samples positive for E. coli, Salmonella spp., and L. monocytogenes were 12, 2, and 10 respectively. Samples of hands and the irrigation water showed high contamination with E. coli. Based on identified gaps, risk communication tools were developed and distributed amongst farmers, sellers, and Da Nang food safety management authority (governmental organisation performing inspections in the traditional food markets). As intervention, two farmers and two sellers were trained in safe agricultural practices for the cultivation of fresh vegetables (managerial intervention) and instructed to use tap water as irrigation water instead of uncontrolled surface water (technological intervention). A post-assessment was conducted, including redoing the survey on good practices and microbiological analysis. The outcome of these interventions showed positive results in terms of good agricultural and hygienic practices resulting in improved hygiene levels and safety of the fresh produce. The findings from this research have the potential to provide a model for the development of a science-based risk management strategy in alternative food chains or geographic areas in emerging countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Ha Thi Mac
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, The University of Da Nang, Da Nang City, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Dong Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, The University of Da Nang, Da Nang City, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Minh Nhat Dang
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, The University of Da Nang, Da Nang City, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi To Quyen Ta
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, The University of Da Nang, Da Nang City, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Pauline Spagnoli
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mieke Uyttendaele
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Jacxsens
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Mafizur RM, Sangjin L, Chul PY. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in the feces of free-roaming wildlife throughout South Korea. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0281006. [PMID: 38358989 PMCID: PMC10868816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Wildlife can carry pathogenic organisms, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi, which can spread to humans and cause mild to serious illnesses and even death. Spreading through animal feces, these pathogens significantly contributes to the global burden of human diseases. Therefore, the present study investigated the prevalence of zoonotic bacterial pathogens, such as Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), in animal feces. Between September 2015 and August 2017, 699 wildlife fecal samples were collected from various agricultural production regions and mountainous areas in South Korea. Fecal samples were collected from wild mammals (85.26%, 596/699) and birds (14.73%, 103/699). Salmonella spp. and E. coli were present in 3% (21/699) and 45.63% (319/699) of the samples, respectively. Moreover, virulence genes stx1 and both stx1 and stx2 were detected in 13.30% (93/699) and 0.72% (5/699) of the samples, respectively. The 21 Salmonella spp. were detected in badgers (n = 5), leopard cats (n = 7), wild boars (n = 2), and magpies (n = 7); STEC was detected in roe deer, water deer, mice, and wild boars. Through phylogenetic and gene-network analyses, the Salmonella spp. isolates (n = 21 laboratory isolates, at least one isolate from each Salmonella-positive animal fecal sample, and n = 6 widely prevalent reference Salmonella serovars) were grouped into two major lineages: S. enterica subsp. enterica and S. enterica subsp. diarizonae. Similarly, 93 E. coli isolates belonged to stx1, including three major lineages (groups 1-3), and stx1 and stx2 detected groups. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a wild leopard cat serving as a reservoir for Salmonella spp. in South Korea. The research findings can help manage the potential risk of wildlife contamination and improve precautionary measures to protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman M. Mafizur
- Division of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Lim Sangjin
- Division of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Park Y. Chul
- Division of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Spagnoli P, Vlerick P, Jacxsens L. Food safety culture maturity and its relation to company and employee characteristics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21561. [PMID: 38027773 PMCID: PMC10654140 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Three facets of food safety culture (FSC) (i.e., food safety management system (FSMS), human-organizational and human-individual building block), were diagnosed through a validated mixed-method assessment in twenty food processing companies. Many underdeveloped dimensions were detected in the FSMS and the human-organizational building block, while the human-individual building block was more mature. It was explored whether company (e.g., company size) and employee characteristics (e.g. leaders vs. non-leaders) are associated with FSC maturity (based on 1410 employee responses) through a cluster analysis and statistical (Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis) tests. Results revealed significant differences (p-value <0.05) based on company characteristics (significant differences based on: size, belonging to a larger group, product type, place in the supply chain, training frequency, certificates, maturity of control and assurance activities) and employee characteristics (significant differences based on: leaders vs. non-leaders, daily direct contact with food or not, seniority, time since training and psychosocial well-being). These findings are useful to develop tailored food safety culture improvement interventions to enhance the maturity of food safety culture in food companies, as these might focus on lower perceiving (sub)groups of employees or lower perceiving (sub)groups of companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Spagnoli
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vlerick
- Department of Work, Organization and Society, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Jacxsens
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Lettuce Contamination and Survival of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in Hydroponic Nutrient Film Technique Systems. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213508. [PMID: 36360121 PMCID: PMC9657165 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroponic vegetable production is increasing globally, but there is a lack of science-based recommendations to ensure their food safety. Specifically, there is limited evidence for establishing water management strategies. The purpose of this study was to determine the survival of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in commercial nutrient flow technology (NFT) systems during the lifecycle of lettuce exposed to sporadic or extreme contamination. NFT systems were inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium or Listeria monocytogenes, and nutrient solution, rockwool, roots, and lettuce leaves were collected over the lettuce production cycle for pathogen enumeration and detection. Both human pathogens persisted in the lettuce NFT growing system throughout the growth cycle of lettuce. Salmonella Typhimurium and L. monocytogenes accumulated in rockwool medium and on lettuce roots and were transferred to the leaves at quantifiable levels from the contaminated nutrient solution. In the nutrient solution, Salmonella concentration under sporadic and extreme conditions declined significantly 24 h after inoculation and again 7 days post-inoculation (p < 0.0001). Under extreme conditions, the concentration did not change significantly after 7 days, while under sporadic conditions, the concentration declined again 14 days post-inoculation in the nutrient solution collected from the reservoirs. L. monocytogenes populations in the nutrient solution fluctuated significantly over the 28-day growth cycle (p < 0.0001). Under extreme conditions, L. monocytogenes concentrations in the nutrient solution declined, while under sporadic conditions, the populations increased. The findings of this study, for the first time, describe human pathogen survival in commerical NFT systems and highlight the urgent need for novel approaches to mitigating the risks from nutrient solution contaminaiton in hydroponics.
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Ren Y, He Z, Luning PA. Performance of food safety management systems of Chinese food business operators in Tianjin. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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6
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Analysis of the most frequent nonconformance aspects related to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the food industry and their main factors. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Improving Vegetable Safety in China: Does Co-Regulation Work? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063006. [PMID: 33804059 PMCID: PMC8002135 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, vegetable safety issues have received growing attention from both consumers and public authorities in China, as vegetable safety hazards pose a serious threat to public health. In 2017, the Industry & Trade Bureau in China implemented a “Market Renovation Program”. This program includes the renovation of wholesale and wet markets, the formal registration of all stallholders in these markets and the introduction of a rapid test for pesticides residues. We apply the co-regulation framework to assess the implementation and results of the renovation program on the safety of vegetables. A mixed methods approach is used to investigate the effects of the renovation program. The qualitative study elaborates on the implementation of the renovation program and the behavioural changes of stakeholders in handling vegetables through interviews and field observations. The quantitative results confirm that the renovation program has a positive impact on vegetable safety. In conclusion, this study shows that the key factor for the success of the renovation program is the transition of authority from the local, public authority to the market management.
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Alrobaish WS, Vlerick P, Luning PA, Jacxsens L. Food safety governance in Saudi Arabia: Challenges in control of imported food. J Food Sci 2020; 86:16-30. [PMID: 33314129 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The operating environment for food safety interventions in nations such as Saudi Arabia, with limited local agricultural productivity, high reliance on foreign food imports and observance of Islamic laws, is remarkably challenging for the national control and regulatory institutions, since compliance to the mandatory food safety regulations and the local religious Halal standards must be ensured. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the recently restructured food safety governance in Saudi Arabia from the perspective of its food imports control. Specifically, the nature of the food imports, the organization of the food safety governance and the current control practices of imported food, in consideration of food safety and Halal requirements, are analyzed through a triangulation of data and information from secondary sources (academic literature review and gray literature search) and primary sources (direct consultation of field experts). Statistical trade data on imported food were also performed. Results revealed that the process of centralizing all the control and regulatory activities under a single agency, which the government started to strengthen the national food safety governance, has not been completed yet. The resulting overlap of legislative and monitoring tasks by multiple entities augments the challenge of ensuring the safety, quality, and authenticity of imported food and their compliance to Halal standards. The vulnerabilities and challenges still to be addressed by the local food industry and the public sector are discussed, with implications for national and international field practitioners and policymakers of countries facing similar challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waeel Salih Alrobaish
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Peter Vlerick
- Department of Work, Organization and Society, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Pieternel A Luning
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17/Bode 30 AA, Wageningen, 6700, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Jacxsens
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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Pandemics and food systems - towards a proactive food safety approach to disease prevention & management. Food Secur 2020; 12:749-756. [PMID: 32837645 PMCID: PMC7351553 DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent large-scale pandemics such as the covid19, H1N1, Swine flu, Ebola and the Nipah virus, which impacted human health and livelihoods, have come about due to inadequate food systems safeguards to detect, trace and eliminate threats arising from zoonotic diseases. Such diseases are transmitted to humans through their interaction with animals in the food value chain including through the consumption of bush meat. Climate change has also facilitated the emergence of new zoonotic diseases. The lack of adequately enforced food-safety standards in managed agricultural production systems creates the necessary conditions for diseases to mutate into highly contagious strains. The lack of food safety measures in handling, packaging and sales of food increases risks of cross-species contamination. Finally, increasing anti-microbial resistance, combined with rapid urbanization and global interconnectedness allows diseases to spread rapidly among humans. Thus, part of the reconstruction efforts, post covid19, should include prioritizing proactive investments in food safety. The key to stave off another such pandemic lies in integrating one-health knowledge on zoonotic diseases along with food safety measures along the food value chain. Refocusing policy priorities from disease control to prevention will improve international coordination efforts in pandemic prevention. Implementing such proactive actions will cost a very small fraction of the reconstruction budgets. However, the expected benefits of the food-safety approach will include preventing global economic losses due to pandemics.
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Nyarugwe SP, Linnemann AR, Ren Y, Bakker EJ, Kussaga JB, Watson D, Fogliano V, Luning PA. An intercontinental analysis of food safety culture in view of food safety governance and national values. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.107075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Wang C, Jiang P. Farmers' Willingness to Participate in Agricultural Product Safety Cogovernance and Self-Governance in Jiangsu, China: A Gender Perspective. J Food Prot 2020; 83:736-744. [PMID: 32239162 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Over the past two decades, the issues of quality and safety of agricultural products have attracted widespread attention in the People's Republic of China. The purpose of this study was to understand factors that influence farmers' willingness to participate in agricultural product safety cogovernance and self-governance based on a survey of farmers in Jiangsu Province, China. The results show that farmers' willingness to participate in the cogovernance and self-governance of agricultural product safety must be further improved. Among the sampled farmers, 28.93% consider that other farmers' improper agricultural product safety practices have nothing to do with them, and 17.25% claim that they would not want to take part in agricultural product safety trainings. Farmers with a weak appreciation for agricultural product safety hazards, a lack of food safety knowledge, and improper agricultural product safety practices are less willing to participate in cogovernance and self-governance of agricultural product safety. Female farmers are more willing to engage in agricultural product safety training than male farmers; however, their willingness to participate in agricultural product safety cogovernance is lower. The results of this study will be useful in improving food safety policy in China. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Wang
- Institute of Finance and Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6127-4924 [C.W.])
| | - Panmei Jiang
- Department of Forest Resource, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
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12
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Fault tree analysis as a quantitative hazard analysis with a novel method for estimating the fault probability of microbial contamination: A model food case study. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.107019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Nyarugwe SP, Linnemann AR, Luning PA. Prevailing food safety culture in companies operating in a transition economy - Does product riskiness matter? Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Machado-Moreira B, Richards K, Brennan F, Abram F, Burgess CM. Microbial Contamination of Fresh Produce: What, Where, and How? Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1727-1750. [PMID: 33336968 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Promotion of healthier lifestyles has led to an increase in consumption of fresh produce. Such foodstuffs may expose consumers to increased risk of foodborne disease, as often they are not subjected to processing steps to ensure effective removal or inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms before consumption. Consequently, reports of ready-to-eat fruit and vegetable related disease outbreak occurrences have increased substantially in recent years, and information regarding these events is often not readily available. Identifying the nature and source of microbial contamination of these foodstuffs is critical for developing appropriate mitigation measures to be implemented by food producers. This review aimed to identify the foodstuffs most susceptible to microbial contamination and the microorganisms responsible for disease outbreaks from information available in peer-reviewed scientific publications. A total of 571 outbreaks were identified from 1980 to 2016, accounting for 72,855 infections and 173 deaths. Contaminated leafy green vegetables were responsible for 51.7% of reported outbreaks. Contaminated soft fruits caused 27.8% of infections. Pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella, norovirus, and hepatitis A accounted for the majority of cases. Large outbreaks resulted in particular biases such as the observation that contaminated sprouted plants caused 31.8% of deaths. Where known, contamination mainly occurred via contaminated seeds, water, and contaminated food handlers. There is a critical need for standardized datasets regarding all aspects of disease outbreaks, including how foodstuffs are contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Providing food business operators with this knowledge will allow them to implement better strategies to improve safety and quality of fresh produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardino Machado-Moreira
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland.,Functional Environmental Microbiology, National Univ. of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Karl Richards
- Teagasc Johnstown Castle Environmental Research Centre, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Fiona Brennan
- Teagasc Johnstown Castle Environmental Research Centre, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Florence Abram
- Functional Environmental Microbiology, National Univ. of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Manning L, Luning PA, Wallace CA. The Evolution and Cultural Framing of Food Safety Management Systems—Where From and Where Next? Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1770-1792. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Manning
- Department of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentRoyal Agricultural Univ. Cirencester Gloucestershire GL7 6JS UK
| | - Pieternel A Luning
- Food Quality & Design GroupWageningen Univ. Bornse Weilanden 9 6708 WG Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Carol A Wallace
- Intl. Inst. of Nutritional Sciences and Applied Food Safety StudiesUniv. of Central Lancashire Preston PR1 2 HE UK
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16
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Nayak R, Waterson P. Global food safety as a complex adaptive system: Key concepts and future prospects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Relevance of Food Microbiology Issues to Current Trends (2008-2018) in Food Production and Imported Foods. Food Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555819972.ch42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Klintham P, Tongchitpakdee S, Chinsirikul W, Mahakarnchanakul W. Two-step washing with commercial vegetable washing solutions, and electrolyzed oxidizing microbubbles water to decontaminate sweet basil and Thai mint: A case study. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Faour-Klingbeil D, Todd ECD. A Review on the Rising Prevalence of International Standards: Threats or Opportunities for the Agri-Food Produce Sector in Developing Countries, with a Focus on Examples from the MENA Region. Foods 2018; 7:E33. [PMID: 29510498 PMCID: PMC5867548 DOI: 10.3390/foods7030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Food safety standards are a necessity to protect consumers' health in today's growing global food trade. A number of studies have suggested safety standards can interrupt trade, bringing financial and technical burdens on small as well as large agri-food producers in developing countries. Other examples have shown that economical extension, key intermediaries, and funded initiatives have substantially enhanced the capacities of growers in some countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region to meet the food safety and quality requirements, and improve their access to international markets. These endeavors often compensate for the weak regulatory framework, but do not offer a sustainable solution. There is a big gap in the food safety level and control systems between countries in the MENA region and those in the developed nations. This certainly has implications for the safety of fresh produce and agricultural practices, which hinders any progress in their international food trade. To overcome the barriers of legal and private standards, food safety should be a national priority for sustainable agricultural development in the MENA countries. Local governments have a primary role in adopting the vision for developing and facilitating the implementation of their national Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) standards that are consistent with the international requirements and adapted to local policies and environment. Together, the public and private sector's support are instrumental to deliver the skills and infrastructure needed for leveraging the safety and quality level of the agri-food chain.
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Consumers’ familiarity with and attitudes towards food quality certifications for rice and vegetables in Vietnam. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Rajkovic A, Smigic N, Djekic I, Popovic D, Tomic N, Krupezevic N, Uyttendaele M, Jacxsens L. The performance of food safety management systems in the raspberries chain. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Macheka L, Spelt E, van der Vorst JG, Luning PA. Exploration of logistics and quality control activities in view of context characteristics and postharvest losses in fresh produce chains: A case study for tomatoes. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Jacxsens L, Uyttendaele M, Luning P, Allende A. Food safety management and risk assessment in the fresh produce supply chain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/193/1/012020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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24
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Xiong C, Liu C, Chen F, Zheng L. Performance assessment of food safety management system in the pork slaughter plants of China. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Jongman M, Korsten L. Assessment of irrigation water quality and microbiological safety of leafy greens in different production systems. J Food Saf 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mosimanegape Jongman
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences; University of Pretoria; Private bag X20, Hatfield Pretoria 0082 South Africa
| | - Lise Korsten
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences; University of Pretoria; Private bag X20, Hatfield Pretoria 0082 South Africa
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Nyarugwe SP, Linnemann A, Hofstede GJ, Fogliano V, Luning PA. Determinants for conducting food safety culture research. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Masiá A, Suarez-Varela MM, Llopis-Gonzalez A, Picó Y. Determination of pesticides and veterinary drug residues in food by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 936:40-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Dzingirayi G, Korsten L. Assessment of Primary Production of Horticultural Safety Management Systems of Mushroom Farms in South Africa. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1188-96. [PMID: 27357039 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Growing global consumer concern over food safety in the fresh produce industry requires producers to implement necessary quality assurance systems. Varying effectiveness has been noted in how countries and food companies interpret and implement food safety standards. A diagnostic instrument (DI) for global fresh produce industries was developed to measure the compliancy of companies with implemented food safety standards. The DI is made up of indicators and descriptive grids for context factors and control and assurance activities to measure food safety output. The instrument can be used in primary production to assess food safety performance. This study applied the DI to measure food safety standard compliancy of mushroom farming in South Africa. Ten farms representing almost half of the industry farms and more than 80% of production were independently assessed for their horticultural safety management system (HSMS) compliance via in-depth interviews with each farm's quality assurance personnel. The data were processed using Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and are represented in frequency tables. The diagnosis revealed that the mushroom farming industry had an average food safety output. The farms were implementing an average-toadvanced HSMS and operating in a medium-risk context. Insufficient performance areas in HSMSs included inadequate hazard analysis and analysis of control points, low specificity of pesticide assessment, and inadequate control of suppliers and incoming materials. Recommendations to the industry and current shortcomings are suggested for realization of an improved industry-wide food safety assurance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garikayi Dzingirayi
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng 002, South Africa
| | - Lise Korsten
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng 002, South Africa.
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Ren Y, He Z, Luning PA. A systematic assessment of quality assurance-based food safety management system of Chinese edible oil manufacturer in view of context characteristics. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT & BUSINESS EXCELLENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14783363.2016.1187995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Kirezieva K, Bijman J, Jacxsens L, Luning PA. The role of cooperatives in food safety management of fresh produce chains: Case studies in four strawberry cooperatives. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Castro-Ibáñez I, López-Gálvez F, Gil MI, Allende A. Identification of sampling points suitable for the detection of microbial contamination in fresh-cut processing lines. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Ceuppens S, Johannessen GS, Allende A, Tondo EC, El-Tahan F, Sampers I, Jacxsens L, Uyttendaele M. Risk Factors for Salmonella, Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Campylobacter Occurrence in Primary Production of Leafy Greens and Strawberries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:9809-31. [PMID: 26295251 PMCID: PMC4555313 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120809809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The microbiological sanitary quality and safety of leafy greens and strawberries were assessed in the primary production in Belgium, Brazil, Egypt, Norway and Spain by enumeration of Escherichia coli and detection of Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and Campylobacter. Water samples were more prone to containing pathogens (54 positives out of 950 analyses) than soil (16/1186) and produce on the field (18/977 for leafy greens and 5/402 for strawberries). The prevalence of pathogens also varied markedly according to the sampling region. Flooding of fields increased the risk considerably, with odds ratio (OR) 10.9 for Salmonella and 7.0 for STEC. A significant association between elevated numbers of generic E. coli and detection of pathogens (OR of 2.3 for STEC and 2.7 for Salmonella) was established. Generic E. coli was found to be a suitable index organism for Salmonella and STEC, but to a lesser extent for Campylobacter. Guidelines on frequency of sampling and threshold values for E. coli in irrigation water may differ from region to region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siele Ceuppens
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation (LFMFP), Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Gro S Johannessen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ana Allende
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Eduardo César Tondo
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Controle de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (ICTA/UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43212, Campus do Vale, Agronomia, Cep. 91501-970 Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil.
| | - Fouad El-Tahan
- Royal International Inspection Laboratories (RIIL), Suez 43111, Egypt.
| | - Imca Sampers
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology & Biotechnology, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Kortrijk 8500, Belgium.
| | - Liesbeth Jacxsens
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation (LFMFP), Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Mieke Uyttendaele
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation (LFMFP), Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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Bartz S, Hessel CT, Rodrigues RDQ, Possamai A, Perini FO, Jacxsens L, Uyttendaele M, Bender RJ, Tondo EC. Insights in agricultural practices and management systems linked to microbiological contamination of lettuce in conventional production systems in Southern Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-015-0011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Three conventional lettuce farms were evaluated in Southern Brazil using a standardized self-assessment questionnaire with 69 indicators and a microbiological sampling plan in order to assess the status of current agricultural practices and management systems. The use of both tools aimed to identify the foremost contamination sources and control measures during the crop production. A total of 128 samples were taken (manure, soil, water, workers’ hands and equipment, lettuce seedlings and lettuce heads) in four visits during the growth cycle of lettuces. Samples were analysed for hygiene indicators (E. coli) and presence of pathogens (Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157).
Results
Microbiological results indicated that E. coli counts were very low in all analysed samples and no pathogens were detected. These results could be explained partially because all farms had toilets near to the fields, they did not raise animals near the crops, fields were located in areas where flooding was not possible, they used organic fertilizers adequately composted, and irrigation water demonstrated good microbiological quality. The microbial results for manure and soil indicated that the composting time was of utmost importance to maintain minimal contamination levels for the duration of the cultivation period, as long as the quality of irrigation water was very important to prevent further contamination of the crop. On the other hand, the self-assessment questionnaire identified a moderate to high risk level concerning microbiological contamination in all evaluated farms, because they had no formal good agricultural practices implemented, technical support, water control, inspections, food safety registers or sampling plan for microbiological or chemical analyses.
Conclusion
These different results are important in order to provide information about the actual status of contamination (microbial sampling plan) and possible food safety problems in the future based on the results given by the questionnaire. Furthermore, the results of this study also highlighted the necessity to provide more safety during the fresh produce cultivation, being formal good agricultural practices implementation an important start to the fresh produce farms in Brazil, as well as to adopt a higher level of control activities in order to achieve lower risk levels.
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Anil de Sequeira J, Haysom I, Marshall R. Food Safety Training and Teaching in the United Kingdom and Europe. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800245-2.00021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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