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Luo T, Li L, Wang S, Cheng N. Research Progress of Nucleic Acid Detection Technology for Genetically Modified Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12247. [PMID: 37569623 PMCID: PMC10418336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) maize is one of the earliest GM crops to have achieved large-scale commercial cultivation globally, and it is of great significance to excel in the development and implementation of safety policy regarding GM, and in its technical oversight. This article describes the general situation regarding genetically modified maize, including its varieties, applications, relevant laws and regulations, and so on. From a technical point of view, we summarize and critically analyze the existing methods for detecting nucleic acid levels in genetically modified maize. The nucleic acid extraction technology used for maize is explained, and the introduction of traditional detection techniques, which cover variable-temperature and isothermal amplification detection technology and gene chip technology, applications in maize are described. Moreover, new technologies are proposed, with special attention paid to nucleic acid detection methods using sensors. Finally, we review the current limitations and challenges of GM maize nucleic acid testing and share our vision for the future direction of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyun Luo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Lujing Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Shirui Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Nan Cheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Wang J, Wang Y, Liu H, Hu X, Zhang M, Liu X, Ye H, Zeng H. An ultra-sensitive test strip combining with RPA and CRISPR/Cas12a system for the rapid detection of GM crops. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhu X, Yang H, Wang M, Wu M, Khan MR, Luo A, Deng S, Busquets R, He G, Deng R. Label-Free Detection of Transgenic Crops Using an Isothermal Amplification Reporting CRISPR/Cas12 Assay. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:317-324. [PMID: 34915706 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Current tools for detecting transgenic crops, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), require professional equipment and complex operation. Herein, we introduce a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas system to analyze transgenes by designing an isothermal amplification to serve as the amplified reporter, allowing an isothermal and label-free detection of transgenic crops. The use of Cas12a allowed direct and specific recognition of transgenes. To enhance the sensitivity of the assay, we used rolling circle amplification (RCA) to monitor the recognition of transgenes by designing the RCA primer as the cleavage substrate of Cas12a. The presence of transgenes can be detected by monitoring the G-quadruplex in RCA amplicon using a G-quadruplex binding dye, N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX (NMM). We termed the assay as isoCRISPR and showed that the assay allowed distinguishing transgenic corn cultivars ("Bt11" and "MON89034") from nontransgenic corn cultivars ("yellow", "shenyu", "xianyu", and "jingke"). The isoCRISPR assay will enrich the toolbox for transgenic crop identification and broaden the application of CRISPR/Cas in food authenticity and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hao Yang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mian Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aimin Luo
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sha Deng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rosa Busquets
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
| | - Guiping He
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ruijie Deng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Singh M, Pal D, Sood P, Randhawa G. Construct-Specific Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification: Rapid Detection of Genetically Modified Crops with Insect Resistance or Herbicide Tolerance. J AOAC Int 2021; 103:1191-1200. [PMID: 33241393 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insect resistant and herbicide tolerant genetically modified (GM) events have been approved in many countries. Screening methods could facilitate preliminary testing to check the GM status, which may target control elements, transgenes, and marker genes or construct regions. Among these, methods targeting the construct region, i.e., the junction between two genetic elements of a transgenic cassette are more specific. OBJECTIVE Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays targeting three construct regions were developed; between Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S promoter and cry1Ac gene (p35S-cry1Ac), cry2Ab2 gene and nos terminator (cry2Ab2-tnos), and cp4-epsps gene and nos terminator (cp4epsps-tnos). METHOD LAMP assays were performed by incubation at constant temperatures for selected targets. Positive amplification was detected as a change in color from orange to green on addition of SYBR® Green dye in visual LAMP and as real-time amplification curves in real-time LAMP. RESULTS These assays showed acceptable specificity and sensitivity. Visual LAMP was found to be sensitive enough to detect as low as 0.005%, equivalent to two target copies. Real-time LAMP assays were able to detect as low as four copies of the target within 40 min, making them suitable for rapid on-site testing for GM organisms (GMO). Practical utility was also verified using spiked test samples. CONCLUSIONS These assays could be employed to address some of the biosafety or post-release monitoring issues, as well as to check for approved and unapproved GM events in a country. HIGHLIGHTS LAMP assays targeting three construct regions have been developed, enabling screening for approved or unapproved GMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Division of Genomic Resources, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Deepa Pal
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Division of Genomic Resources, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Payal Sood
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Division of Genomic Resources, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Gurinderjit Randhawa
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Division of Genomic Resources, New Delhi 110 012, India
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Singh M, Pal D, Sood P, Randhawa G. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays: Rapid and efficient diagnostics for genetically modified crops. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Rapid Identification of Genetically Modified Maize Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-018-2216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cheng N, Shang Y, Xu Y, Zhang L, Luo Y, Huang K, Xu W. On-site detection of stacked genetically modified soybean based on event-specific TM-LAMP and a DNAzyme-lateral flow biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:408-416. [PMID: 28064126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Stacked genetically modified organisms (GMO) are becoming popular for their enhanced production efficiency and improved functional properties, and on-site detection of stacked GMO is an urgent challenge to be solved. In this study, we developed a cascade system combining event-specific tag-labeled multiplex LAMP with a DNAzyme-lateral flow biosensor for reliable detection of stacked events (DP305423× GTS 40-3-2). Three primer sets, both event-specific and soybean species-specific, were newly designed for the tag-labeled multiplex LAMP system. A trident-like lateral flow biosensor displayed amplified products simultaneously without cross contamination, and DNAzyme enhancement improved the sensitivity effectively. After optimization, the limit of detection was approximately 0.1% (w/w) for stacked GM soybean, which is sensitive enough to detect genetically modified content up to a threshold value established by several countries for regulatory compliance. The entire detection process could be shortened to 120min without any large-scale instrumentation. This method may be useful for the in-field detection of DP305423× GTS 40-3-2 soybean on a single kernel basis and on-site screening tests of stacked GM soybean lines and individual parent GM soybean lines in highly processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Shang
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yuancong Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Gao H, Wen L, Wu Y, Fu Z, Wu G. An ultrasensitive label-free electrochemiluminescent immunosensor for measuring Cry1Ab level and genetically modified crops content. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 97:122-127. [PMID: 28582707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of genetically modified (GM) insect-resistant crops has aroused great public concern about the risks on the eco-environment resulting from a release of toxic Cry proteins (such as Cry1Ab) to the soil. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to measure the Cry proteins level and the GM crops content. Here, we have tested for the first time a method that uses novel carbon nanospheres (CNPs) label-free electrochemiluminescent (ECL) immunosensor for the ultrasensitive quantification of Cry1Ab and GM crops. In this work, novel CNPs were prepared from printer toner with a very facile approach, and linked with anti-Cry1Ab antibodies to modify a golden working electrode. The immunoreaction between Cry1Ab and its antibody formed an immunocomplex on the bioreceptor region of the sensor, which inhibited electron transfer between the electrode surface and the ECL substance, leading to a decrease of ECL response. Under the optimal conditions, the fabricated label-free ECL immunosensor determined Cry1Ab down to 3.0pgmL-1 within a linear range of 0.010-1.0ngmL-1, showing significant improvement of sensitivity than that of most previous reports. Meanwhile, the proposed method was successfully applied for GM rice BT63 and GM maize MON810 detections down to 0.010% and 0.020%, respectively. Due to its outstanding advantages such as high sensitivity, ideal selectivity, simple fabrication, rapid detection, and low cost, the developed method can be considered as a powerful and pioneering tool for GM crops detection. Its use can also be extended to other toxin protein sensing in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Luke Wen
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhifeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
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Real-time and visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification: Efficient GMO screening targeting pat and pmi marker genes. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Transboundary movement of genetically modified organisms in India: Current scenario and a decision support system. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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