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Zhu L, He G, Yang G, Yang W, He Y, Chen J, Chen Y, Ji Y, Pan Z, Yao J, Chen X, Jiang D. A rapid on-site visualization platform based on RPA coupled with CRISPR-Cas12a for the detection of genetically modified papaya 'Huanong No.1'. Talanta 2024; 277:126437. [PMID: 38901194 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV)-resistant genetically modified (GM) papaya 'Huanong No.1' has been certified as safe for consumption and widely planted in China for about 18 years. To protect consumers' rights and facilitate government supervision and monitoring, it is necessary to establish a simple, rapid, and specific detection method for 'Huanong No.1'. Herein, we developed a platform based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) coupled with CRISPR-Cas12a for the detection of 'Huanong No.1'. The RPA-CRISPR-Cas12a platform was found to have high specificity, with amplification signals only present in 'Huanong No.1'. Additionally, the platform was highly sensitive, with a limit of detection (LOD) of approximately 20 copies. The detection process was fast and could be completed in less than 1 h. This novel platform enables the rapid on-site visualization detection of 'Huanong No.1', eliminating dependence on laboratory conditions and specialized instruments, and can serve as a technical reference for the rapid detection of other GM plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Gongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Guiqin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Wenli Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ying He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yanxin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yi Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Zhiwen Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Juan Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Dagang Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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2
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Luo J, Xu D, Wang J, Liu H, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zeng H, Deng B, Liu X. A Dual-mode platform for the rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 based on CRISPR/Cas12a and RPA. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3509-3518. [PMID: 38647692 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) is a foodborne pathogenic microorganism that is commonly found in the environment and poses a significant threat to human health, public safety, and economic stability worldwide. Thus, early detection is essential for E. coli O157:H7 control. In recent years, a series of E. coli O157:H7 detection methods have been developed, but the sensitivity and portability of the methods still need improvement. Therefore, in this study, a rapid and efficient testing platform based on the CRISPR/Cas12a cleavage reaction was constructed. Through the integration of recombinant polymerase amplification and lateral flow chromatography, we established a dual-interpretation-mode detection platform based on CRISPR/Cas12a-derived fluorescence and lateral flow chromatography for the detection of E. coli O157:H7. For the fluorescence detection method, the limits of detection (LODs) of genomic DNA and E. coli O157:H7 were 1.8 fg/µL and 2.4 CFU/mL, respectively, within 40 min. Conversely, for the lateral flow detection method, LODs of 1.8 fg/µL and 2.4 × 102 CFU/mL were achieved for genomic DNA and E. coli O157:H7, respectively, within 45 min. This detection strategy offered higher sensitivity and lower equipment requirements than industry standards. In conclusion, the established platform showed excellent specificity and strong universality. Modifying the target gene and its primers can broaden the platform's applicability to detect various other foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Luo
- Lanzhou University of Technology, School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou, China
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Danhong Xu
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinbin Wang
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
- Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agricultural Sci-Tech (Group) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Liu
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - You Li
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Lanzhou University of Technology, School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou, China
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijuan Zeng
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China.
- Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agricultural Sci-Tech (Group) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China.
- School of Public Health, Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China.
| | - Bo Deng
- Shanghai Center of Agri-Products Quality and Safety, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Lanzhou University of Technology, School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou, China.
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3
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Zhou P, Liu X, Liang J, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Xu D, Li X, Chen Z, Shi Z, Gao J. GMOIT: a tool for effective screening of genetically modified crops. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:329. [PMID: 38664610 PMCID: PMC11044397 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advancement in agricultural biotechnology has resulted in increasing numbers of commercial varieties of genetically modified (GM) crops worldwide. Though several databases on GM crops are available, these databases generally focus on collecting and providing information on transgenic crops rather than on screening strategies. To overcome this, we constructed a novel tool named, Genetically Modified Organisms Identification Tool (GMOIT), designed to integrate basic and genetic information on genetic modification events and detection methods. RESULTS At present, data for each element from 118 independent genetic modification events in soybean, maize, canola, and rice were included in the database. Particularly, GMOIT allows users to customize assay ranges and thus obtain the corresponding optimized screening strategies using common elements or specific locations as the detection targets with high flexibility. Using the 118 genetic modification events currently included in GMOIT as the range and algorithm selection results, a "6 + 4" protocol (six exogenous elements and four endogenous reference genes as the detection targets) covering 108 events for the four crops was established. Plasmids pGMOIT-1 and pGMOIT-2 were constructed as positive controls or calibrators in qualitative and quantitative transgene detection. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a simple, practical tool for selecting, detecting, and screening strategies for a sustainable and efficient application of genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhou
- Hou Ji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
- Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Taiyuan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Hou Ji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
- Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Taiyuan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jingang Liang
- Development Center for Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100025, China
| | - Juanli Zhao
- Hou Ji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
- Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Taiyuan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Taiyuan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Hou Ji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
- Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Taiyuan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaying Li
- Development Center for Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100025, China
| | - Ziyan Chen
- Development Center for Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100025, China
| | - Zongyong Shi
- Hou Ji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China.
- Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Taiyuan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Hou Ji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China.
- Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Taiyuan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
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4
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Suh SM, Kim HJ, Shin MK, Hong SJ, Cha JE, Kim HY. Multiplex PCR detection method of genetically modified canola event (MON94100, LBFLFK, and NS-B50027-4) combined with capillary electrophoresis. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:637-643. [PMID: 38274186 PMCID: PMC10805685 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been continuously developed for their convenience and productivity. In the past three years, three new GM canola events (MON94100, LBFLFK, and NS-B50027-4) have been developed. To efficiently control these GM canola events, the detection methods were needed. Therefore, the multiplex PCR method combined with capillary electrophoresis was developed for three GM canola events. Ten GM canola, eighteen GM soybean, thirty-two GM maize, and ten non-GM crops were used to evaluate the specificity of the method. The detection limit of the multiplex PCR assay was determined to be 0.005 ng in the DNA mixture and 0.1% in the spiked sample. The aim of this study was to establish multiplex PCR coupled with capillary electrophoresis for the newly produced three GM canola events. The developed method is expected to contribute to monitor the commercially available GM canola events. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01377-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Man Suh
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Korea
| | - Min-Ki Shin
- Novel Food Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, 28159 Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Hong
- Novel Food Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, 28159 Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Cha
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Korea
| | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Korea
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5
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Wang H, Su A, Chang J, Liu X, Liang C, Xu S. Sensitive detection of genetically modified maize based on a CRISPR/Cas12a system. Analyst 2024; 149:836-845. [PMID: 38167890 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01788e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
With the vigorous development of biotechnology, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have become more and more common. In order to effectively supervise and administrate them, the rapid and accurate detection of GMOs is urgently demanded. Here, GMO gene-specific sensing methods based on colorimetry and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) were proposed based on the lateral branch cleavage function of the CRISPR/Cas12a system. Two transgenes, pCaMV35S and M810 Cry1Ab, were chosen as targets for transgenic crops. By using these methods, we performed transgenic detection on five types of maize leaves and successfully distinguished transgenic from non-transgenic samples. The colorimetric method is rapid, economical and available for field detection. The SERS approach, giving a higher sensitivity to 100 fM, is more suitable for laboratory application scenarios. This study explores practical transgenic detection approaches and will be valuable for the supervision of GMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Ailing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Jingjing Chang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, P. R. China.
| | - Chongyang Liang
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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6
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Zhai S, Yang Y, Wu Y, Li J, Li Y, Wu G, Liang J, Gao H. A visual CRISPR/dCas9-mediated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for nucleic acid detection with single-base specificity. Talanta 2023; 257:124318. [PMID: 36796171 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Specific and economical nucleic acid detection is crucial for molecular diagnoses in resource-limited settings. Various facile readout approaches have been developed for nucleic acid detection, but they have limited specificity. Herein, nuclease-dead Cas9 (dCas9)/sgRNA was used as an excellent DNA recognition probe system to develop a visual clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/dCas9-mediated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for specific and sensitive detection of cauliflwer mosaic virus 35s (CaMV35S) promoter in genetically modified (GM) crops. In this work, the CaMV35S promoter was amplified with biotinylated primers, and then precisely bound with dCas9 in the presence of sgRNA. The formed complex was captured by antibody-coated microplate and bound to a streptavidin-labeled horseradish peroxidase probe for the visual detection. Under the optimal conditions, dCas9-ELISA could detect CaMV35s promoter as low as 12.5 copies μL-1. Moreover, the proposed method was capable to distinguish the target sequence with single-base specificity. Coupled with one-step extraction and recombinase polymerase amplification, dCas9-ELISA can identify actual GM rice seeds within 1.5 h from sampling to results without expensive equipment and technical expertise. Therefore, the proposed method offers a specific, sensitive, rapid and cost-effective detection platform for molecular diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms Traceability of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms Traceability of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms Traceability of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms Traceability of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yunjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms Traceability of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms Traceability of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jingang Liang
- Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100176, China.
| | - Hongfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms Traceability of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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7
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Wang Y, Peng C, Ding L, Su Z, Chen X, Wang X, Sun M, Xu J. An Accurate, Rapid and Cost-Effective Method for T-nos Detection Based on CRISPR/Cas12a. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030615. [PMID: 36766144 PMCID: PMC9914525 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas12a technology is used for nucleic acid detection due to its specific recognition function and non-specific single-stranded DNA cleavage activity. Here, we developed a fluorescence visualisation detection method based on PCR and CRISPR/Cas12a approaches. The method was used to detect the nopaline synthase terminator (T-nos) of genetically modified (GM) crops, circumventing the need for expensive instruments and technicians. For enhanced sensitivity and stability of PCR-CRISPR/Cas12a detection, we separately optimised the reaction systems for PCR amplification and CRISPR/Cas12a detection. Eleven samples of soybean samples were assessed to determine the applicability of the PCR-CRISPR/Cas12a method. The method could specifically detect target gene levels as low as 60 copies in the reaction within 50 min. In addition, accurate detection of all 11 samples confirmed the applicability. The method is not limited by large-scale instruments, making it suitable for mass detection of transgenic components in plants in the field. In conclusion, we developed a new, accurate, rapid, and cost-effective method for GM detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Lin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhixun Su
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiaofu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Meihao Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (J.X.)
| | - Junfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (J.X.)
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8
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Wang J, Wang Y, Liu H, Hu X, Zhang M, Liu X, Ye H, Zeng H. An ultra-sensitive test strip combining with RPA and CRISPR/Cas12a system for the rapid detection of GM crops. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Wang M, Wang H, Li K, Li X, Wang X, Wang Z. Review of CRISPR/Cas Systems on Detection of Nucleotide Sequences. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030477. [PMID: 36766007 PMCID: PMC9913930 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, with the rapid development of biotechnology, the CRISPR/Cas technology in particular has produced many new traits and products. Therefore, rapid and high-resolution detection methods for biotechnology products are urgently needed, which is extremely important for safety regulation. Recently, in addition to being gene editing tools, CRISPR/Cas systems have also been used in detection of various targets. CRISPR/Cas systems can be successfully used to detect nucleic acids, proteins, metal ions and others in combination with a variety of technologies, with great application prospects in the future. However, there are still some challenges need to be addressed. In this review, we will list some detection methods of genetically modified (GM) crops, gene-edited crops and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on CRISPR/Cas systems, hoping to bring some inspiration or ideas to readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Wang
- Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haoqian Wang
- Development Center for Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xujing Wang
- Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhixing Wang
- Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence:
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10
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He C, Bai L, Chen Y, Jiang W, Jia J, Pan A, Lv B, Wu X. Detection and Quantification of Adulterated Beef and Mutton Products by Multiplex Droplet Digital PCR. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193034. [PMID: 36230111 PMCID: PMC9562675 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to seek high profit, businesses mix beef and mutton with cheap meat, such as duck, pork, and chicken. Five pairs of primers were designed for quintuple droplet digital PCR (qddPCR) of specific genomic regions from five selected species and specificity and amplification efficiency were determined. The mixed DNA template with an equal copy number was used for detecting the accuracy and limit of multiplex PCR. The results showed that the primers and probes of the five selected species had good specificity with the minimum number of detection copies: 0.15 copies/µL beef (Bos taurus), 0.28 copies/μL duck (Anas platyrhynchos), 0.37 copies/μL pork (Sus scrofa), 0.39 copies/μL chicken (Gallus gallus), and 0.41 copies/μL mutton (Ovis aries), respectively. The five sets of primers and probes could quickly judge whether the specified meat components existed in the food commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Junwei Jia
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Aihu Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Beibei Lv
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Wang J, Wang Y, Hu X, Yang Q, Chen Y, Jiang W, Liu X, Liu H, Zeng H. The development of RPA and CRISPR-Cas12a based immunoassay strip for sensitive detection of genetically modified crops. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Ultrasensitive fluorescent biosensor for detecting CaMV 35S promoter with proximity extension mediated multiple cascade strand displacement amplification and CRISPR/Cpf 1. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1215:339973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Tortajada-Genaro LA, Maquieira A. Multiple recombinase polymerase amplification and low-cost array technology for the screening of genetically modified organisms. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Development of an on-spot and rapid recombinase polymerase amplification assay for Aspergillus flavus detection in grains. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Detection of GM Canola MS11, DP-073496-4, and MON88302 events using multiplex PCR coupled with capillary electrophoresis. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:565-570. [PMID: 33936848 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As of 2020, 11 GM canola events have been authorized as food for humans in Korea. However, there are no simultaneous multiplex detection methods for 3 GM canola events (DP-073496-4, MON88302, and MS11). Thus, we established the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method coupled with capillary electrophoresis to detect 3 GM canola events. To verify the specificity of event-specific primers, various GM crops of 3 GM soybean events, 6 GM maize events, 2 GM cotton events and 11 GM canola events were prepared. The limit of detection of the developed multiplex PCR was approximately 0.0125% for 3 GM canola events. Certified GM canola and stacked events were analyzed to validate the developed multiplex PCR. This study focuses on establishing multiplex PCR coupled with capillary electrophoresis for newly approved GM canola events and contributes to efficient monitoring GM canola samples in Korea.
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16
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Wang Q, Shen X, Qiu T, Wu W, Li L, Wang Z, Shou H. Evaluation and application of an efficient plant DNA extraction protocol for laboratory and field testing. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:99-111. [PMID: 33615751 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids in plant tissue lysates can be captured quickly by a cellulose filter paper and prepared for amplification after a quick purification. In this study, a published filter paper strip method was modified by sticking the filter paper on a polyvinyl chloride resin (PVC) sheet. This modified method is named EZ-D, for EASY DNA extraction. Compared with the original cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method, DNA extracted by EZ-D is more efficient in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification due to the more stable performance of the EZ-D stick. The EZ-D method is also faster, easier, and cheaper. PCR analyses showed that DNA extracted from several types of plant tissues by EZ-D was appropriate for specific identification of biological samples. A regular PCR reaction can detect the EZ-D-extracted DNA template at concentration as low as 0.1 ng/μL. Evaluation of the EZ-D showed that DNA extracts could be successfully amplified by PCR reaction for DNA fragments up to 3000 bp in length and up to 80% in GC content. EZ-D was successfully used for DNA extraction from a variety of plant species and plant tissues. Moreover, when EZ-D was combined with the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method, DNA identification of biological samples could be achieved without the need for specialized equipment. As an optimized DNA purification method, EZ-D shows great advantages in application and can be used widely in laboratories where equipment is limited and rapid results are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shen
- Zhejiang Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Tian Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Shanghai YouLong Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhi'an Wang
- Zhejiang Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Huixia Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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17
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Liu H, Wang J, Zeng H, Liu X, Jiang W, Wang Y, Ouyang W, Tang X. RPA-Cas12a-FS: A frontline nucleic acid rapid detection system for food safety based on CRISPR-Cas12a combined with recombinase polymerase amplification. Food Chem 2021; 334:127608. [PMID: 32711280 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Food analysis to ensure food safety and quality are relevant to all countries. This study aimed to develop a detection technique by combining recombinase polymerase amplification with CRISPR-Cas12a for food safety (termed RPA-Cas12a-FS). Our data showed that this novel method could be detected via fluorescence intensity for the molecular identification of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, genetically modified crops, and meat adulteration. After optimization, the sensitivity and stability of RPA-Cas12a-FS was further enhanced. The RPA-Cas12a-FS system could specifically detect target gene levels as low as 10 copies in 45 min at 37 °C. The RPA-Cas12a-FS system was sensitive both using standard samples in the lab and using samples from the field, which indicated that this detection method was practical. In conclusion, a simple, rapid, and highly sensitive detection method based on CRISPR-Cas12a was developed for molecular identification in the food safety field without requiring technical expertise or ancillary equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai 201106, China; Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R.C., 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Jinbin Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai 201106, China; Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R.C., 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai 201106, China.
| | - Haijuan Zeng
- Institute of Biotechnology Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai 201106, China; Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R.C., 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Institute of Biotechnology Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai 201106, China; Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R.C., 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Wanbao Ouyang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xueming Tang
- Institute of Biotechnology Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai 201106, China; Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R.C., 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai 201106, China.
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18
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Development of a lateral flow test strip for simultaneous detection of BT-Cry1Ab, BT-Cry1Ac and CP4 EPSPS proteins in genetically modified crops. Food Chem 2020; 335:127627. [PMID: 32738534 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip (ICS) for simultaneous detection of multiple transgenic proteins, including CP4 EPSPS, BT-Cry1Ab and BT-Cry1Ac, was developed in this study. The sensitivity of the strip to the target protein was 5 ng/mL for CP4 EPSPS, 100 ng/mL for BT-Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac, respectively. Parallel analysis for maize, soybean, sugar beet and cotton showed the strip could detect 1% of transgenic content in crops containing BT-Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac, and, at least, 0.1% of content in crops containing CP4 EPSPS. The detection results for seed samples indicated the multicomponent analysis ICS had good accuracy. The analysis could be completed within 10 min and had the advantages of being high-throughput, easy to operate and visual detection. This is the first report of semi-quantitative ICS for detecting three transgenic proteins simultaneously. The developed approach may provide insights into the development of ICS for analyzing simultaneously multiple components in genetically modified crops.
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Ma B, Li J, Chen K, Yu X, Sun C, Zhang M. Multiplex Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of Three Foodborne Pathogens in Seafood. Foods 2020; 9:E278. [PMID: 32138267 PMCID: PMC7143093 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens can cause foodborne illness. In reality, one food sample may carry more than one pathogen. A rapid, sensitive, and multiple target method for bacteria detection is crucial in food safety. For the simultaneous detection of Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Salmonella Enteritidis, multi-objective recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) was developed in this study. The whole process, including amplification and reading, can be completed in 15 min at 37 °C. The detection limits were 2.6 × 101 CFU/mL for Staphylococcus aureus, 7.6 × 101 CFU/mL for Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and 1.29 × 101 CFU/mL for Salmonella Enteritidis. Moreover, colored signal intensities on test lines were measured by a test strip reader to achieve quantitative detection for Staphylococcus aureus (R2 = 0.9903), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (R2 = 0.9928), and Salmonella Enteritidis (R2 = 0.9945). In addition, the method demonstrated good recoveries (92.00%-107.95%) in the testing of spiked food samples. Therefore, the multiplex LFD-RPA assay is a feasible method for the rapid, sensitive, and quantitative detection of bacterial pathogens in seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (B.M.); (J.L.); (K.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Jiali Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (B.M.); (J.L.); (K.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Kai Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (B.M.); (J.L.); (K.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (B.M.); (J.L.); (K.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Chuanxin Sun
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Mingzhou Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (B.M.); (J.L.); (K.C.); (X.Y.)
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20
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Wu H, He JS, Zhang F, Ping J, Wu J. Contamination-free visual detection of CaMV35S promoter amplicon using CRISPR/Cas12a coupled with a designed reaction vessel: Rapid, specific and sensitive. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1096:130-137. [PMID: 31883579 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An ultrafast and convenient method for visually detecting CaMV35S promoter amplicon (amplified products) was established by using CRISPR/Cas12a system coupled with a designed reaction vessel. Genetically modified (GM) soybean (Roundup Ready®) powders containing CaMV35S promoter were employed as detection targets, which were amplified by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The CRISPR/Cas12a system directly mixed with amplified products at 37 °C for 5 min and detection results could be clearly identified by the naked eye under UV light (254 nm). A designed reaction vessel was employed to make operation easier and could effectively prevent contamination at the source. The CRISPR/Cas12a detection system was optimized in our study and the concentration of magnesium ions was proved to be important for the work of CRISPR/Cas12a system. The optimized concentration range of magnesium ions was between 10 mM and 12 mM. Besides, the activated Bst DNA polymerase also had little effects on CRISPR/Cas12a system. The developed method could significantly distinguish the specific and non-specific amplification. And as low as 0.05% transgenic contents in soybean powders could be detected. It would have the potential to be complementary to instrument-based ultrahigh sensitive method and provide a new solution for on-site rapid detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jin-Song He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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