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Caffara M, Tedesco P, Davidovich N, Rubini S, Luci V, Cantori A, Glogowski PA, Fioravanti ML, Gustinelli A. Molecular and morphological studies on Contracaecum rudolphii A and C. rudolphii B in great cormorants ( Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) from Italy and Israel. Parasitology 2023; 150:1040-1051. [PMID: 37859396 PMCID: PMC10941213 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of parasites is shaped by a variety of factors, among which are the migratory movements of their hosts. Israel has a unique position to migratory routes of several bird species leaving Europe to winter in Africa, however, detailed studies on the parasite fauna of birds from this area are scarce. Our study investigates occurrence and distribution of sibling species among Contracaecum rudolphii complex in Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis from Italy and Israel, to acquire further information on the geographical range of these species to gain deeper knowledge on the ecology of these parasites and their bird host. A total of 2383 Contracaecum were collected from the gastric mucosa of 28 great cormorants (18 from Israel and 10 from Italy). A subsample was processed for morphological analyses in light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and for molecular analyses through amplification and sequencing of the ITS rDNA and the cox2 mtDNA, and through PCR-RFLP. All the 683 Contracaecum subjected to molecular identification belonged to C. rudolphii s.l., (300 C. rudolphii A and 383 C. rudolphii B). SEM micrographs provided, for the first time, details of taxonomic structures in male specimens from both sibling species, and the first SEM characterization of C. rudolphii B. This work presents the first data on the occurrence of sibling species of C. rudolphii in Israel and provides additional information on the distribution of C. rudolphii A and B in Italy, confirming the high prevalence and intensity of infection observed in Ph. carbo sinensis from other Italian areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Caffara
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Perla Tedesco
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Silva Rubini
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Luci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Cantori
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrycja Anna Glogowski
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Fioravanti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Gustinelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Serrano TD, Vieira DHMD, Pelegrini LS, Fragoso LV, Agostinho BN, Vera M, Porto-Foresti F, Azevedo RKDE, Abdallah VD. Morphological and molecular characterization of Hysterothylacium spp. parasitizing Pomatomus saltatrix and Pagrus pagrus of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20211046. [PMID: 36790269 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320211046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Raphidascarid nematodes have been the focus of several studies, mainly due to the zoonotic potential of some species, even though the cases are underreported. Due to the difficulty in identifying their larvae, the use of diagnostic techniques involving morphological and molecular analyses has grown in the last 20 years. The present study had as objective the morphological and molecular characterization of the L3 larval types of Hysterothylacium collected in Pomatomus saltatrix and Pagrus pagrus from the Brazilian coast, close to the municipality of Santos, State of São Paulo. Twenty specimens of P. saltatrix were necropsied and Hysterothylacium type V (n = 257) and Hysterothylacium type X (n = 5) larvae were found. Five specimens of P. pagrus were necropsied and all were parasitized by Hysterothylacium type V larvae. The analyses showed a genetic proximity relationship between Hysterothylacium types V with other Hysterothylacium V and with H. deardorffoverstreetorum, although this is a species inquirenda. Haplotypes for Hysterothylacium type X found in the present study formed a monophyletic group with other Hysterothylacium X, H. amoyense, and H. zhoushanense. Through this study, new hosts and localities were registered for Hysterothylacium type V and Hysterothylacium type X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaissa D Serrano
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego H M D Vieira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa S Pelegrini
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Laboratório de Ictiologia e Ordenamento Pesqueiro do Vale do Rio Madeira, Rua 29 de Agosto, 786, 69800-000 Humaitá, AM, Brazil
| | - Lúcia V Fragoso
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz N Agostinho
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Manuel Vera
- University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, s/n, 15782, Lugo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Fábio Porto-Foresti
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo C. Coube, 14-01, 17033-360 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodney K DE Azevedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Análise de Sistemas Ambientais, Centro Universitário CESMAC, Rua Cônego Machado, 917, 57051-160 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Vanessa D Abdallah
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Setor de Parasitologia e Patologia, Campus A. C. Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, 57072-970 Maceió, AL, Brazil
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Roca-Geronès X, Fisa R, Montoliu I, Casadevall M, Tobella C, Bas JM, Palomba M, Mattiucci S. Genetic diversity of Contracaecum rudolphii sp. A (Nematoda: Anisakidae) parasitizing the European Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii from the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1122291. [PMID: 36816183 PMCID: PMC9932775 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1122291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sibling species of the Contracaecum rudolphii (s.l.) complex are habitual endoparasites of cormorants of the Phalacrocoracidae family, worldwide. In Europe, the two species, C. rudolphii sp. A and C. rudolphii sp. B, have been identified. However, information regarding the occurrence and distribution of these anisakids in cormorants from Spain is scarce. In the present study, 20 specimens of the European Shag, Ph. aristotelis desmarestii, from the western Mediterranean Spanish marine coast were parasitologically analyzed for the presence of nematodes. All hosts were found parasitized with Contracaecum specimens (n = 1,517). A representative subsample was genetically identified as C. rudolphii sp. A by sequence analysis of the mtDNA cox2 gene and the ITS1 and ITS2 regions of the rDNA. This represents the first report of C. rudolphii sp. A from the Spanish Mediterranean waters. Population genetic analysis was performed including other C. rudolphii sp. A specimens from the west Sardinian and the Tyrrhenian Sea. At the intraspecific level, a significant genetic differentiation (Fst ≈ 0.08, p < 0.00001) between the metapopulation from the Spanish Mediterranean coast and that from the Sardinian waters was observed; whereas, no differentiation was found between metapopulations of the parasite from the Spanish and the Tyrrhenian Italian coast. The findings highly support the hypothesis of the adaptation of the life cycle of C. rudolphii sp. A in brackish and marine ecosystems. Furthermore, the results on the population genetics of C. rudolphii sp. A suggest the possible role of the migration routes of wintering populations of cormorants in the Mediterranean Sea in influencing the parasite genetic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Roca-Geronès
- Secció de Parasitologia, Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Section of Parasitology, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza-University of Rome, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Xavier Roca-Geronès ✉
| | - Roser Fisa
- Secció de Parasitologia, Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Montoliu
- Secció de Parasitologia, Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarida Casadevall
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Carles Tobella
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Bas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Marialetizia Palomba
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Simonetta Mattiucci
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza-University of Rome, Rome, Italy,Simonetta Mattiucci ✉
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Verma CR, Kumkar P, Khare T, Pise M, Kalous L, Dahanukar N. Contracaecum nematode parasites in hillstream loaches of the Western Ghats, India. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:1873-1882. [PMID: 36057983 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nematode parasites of the family Anisakidae infect definitive hosts, such as fish-eating birds and mammals, through primary intermediate hosts like copepods and secondary intermediate hosts like fishes. However, consumption of raw or undercooked fish can lead to nematode infection called anisakidosis in humans. We observed the presence of nematode infection in hillstream loaches of families Cobitidae and Nemacheilidae available for human consumption in the local markets in the northern parts of Western Ghats, India. Scanning electron micrograph and genetic identification employing mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II, identified the nematode to the genus Contracaecum. Histology of infected host revealed the presence of the parasite in muscles. Antioxidant enzyme analysis of host liver suggested that infection leads to oxidative stress in the fish. We suspect that a gradual increase in parasite infection of the loaches in the last decade could be attributed to various anthropogenic stressors that are altering riverine habitats. Since loaches are consumed by tribal people who often prepare the fish without degutting and possibly undercooked, there is a potential threat of human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandani R Verma
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pradeep Kumkar
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tushar Khare
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Manoj Pise
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kalous
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Neelesh Dahanukar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi, India
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López-Verdejo A, Born-Torrijos A, Montero-Cortijo E, Raga JA, Valmaseda-Angulo M, Montero FE. Infection process, viability and establishment of Anisakis simplex s.l. L3 in farmed fish; A histopathological study in gilthead seabream. Vet Parasitol 2022; 311:109805. [PMID: 36150240 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Anisakis spp. (Nematoda, Anisakidae) are parasites known by their economic and health impacts, as their L3 larval stages infect a variety of fish species, many of them commercial species, sometimes causing zoonotic episodes due to consumption of raw or undercooked fish. The aim of this study is to determine the infection process and the potential impact of A. simplex s.l. L3 on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.), one of the most important fish species in Mediterranean aquaculture, by periodic histological monitoring of the infection process. For this, fish were experimentally infected with A. simplex s.l. L3 and periodically analysed for L3 larvae, collecting samples at different time points (hours post ingestion, hpi): 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168 and 192, up to 6 months post infection (mpi). All samples were observed under a stereomicroscope and later fixed for histological examination. A. simplex s.l. L3 were only found on the visceral surface and mesenteric tissue, but never free or encapsulated in muscle. Chronological events were found to occur faster than those reported in previous studies. They were first observed 6 hpi in the coelomic cavity, being present up to 48 hpi. While the earliest evidence of fibrocytes surrounding A. simplex s.l. L3 larvae were observed at 18 hpi, complete spiral encapsulation occurred by 72 hpi. Alive parasites were observed up to 6 mpi. Although the infection of gilthead seabream by Anisakis spp. larvae is feasible, it seems unlikely, especially in aquaculture given the hygienically controlled feeding systems. In the event of infection, the transmission would be unlikely due to the poor condition in which specimens of Anisakis spp. are found. Furthermore, since no larvae were detected in the fish's muscle, human infection seems improbable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro López-Verdejo
- Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Ana Born-Torrijos
- Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Estefanía Montero-Cortijo
- Production and Animal Health Department, Veterinary Public Health, University CEU Cardenal Herrera, C/Tirant lo Blanc 7, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan A Raga
- Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Marta Valmaseda-Angulo
- Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Francisco E Montero
- Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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Tokay FG, Alp AC, Yerlikaya P. Production and shelf life of restructured fish meat binded by microbial transglutaminase. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Castiglione D, Guardone L, Susini F, Alimonti F, Paternoster V, Ricci E, Nucera D, Armani A. A case study on farmed European seabass and gilthead seabream in central Italy: The negligible parasitological risk of nematode larvae paves the way for the freezing derogation. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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