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Wang L, Li N, Zhang X, Bobrinetskiy I, Gadjanski I, Fu W. Sensing with Molecularly Imprinted Membranes on Two-Dimensional Solid-Supported Substrates. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:5119. [PMID: 39204816 PMCID: PMC11358988 DOI: 10.3390/s24165119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted membranes (MIMs) have been a focal research interest since 1990, representing a breakthrough in the integration of target molecules into membrane structures for cutting-edge sensing applications. This paper traces the developmental history of MIMs, elucidating the diverse methodologies employed in their preparation and characterization on two-dimensional solid-supported substrates. We then explore the principles and diverse applications of MIMs, particularly in the context of emerging technologies encompassing electrochemistry, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Furthermore, we shed light on the unique features of ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) biosensors that rely on MIMs, with the notable advancements and challenges of point-of-care biochemical sensors highlighted. By providing a comprehensive overview of the latest innovations and future trajectories, this paper aims to inspire further exploration and progress in the field of MIM-driven sensing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (L.W.); (N.L.)
| | - Nan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (L.W.); (N.L.)
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (L.W.); (N.L.)
| | - Ivan Bobrinetskiy
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1a, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Ivana Gadjanski
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1a, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Wangyang Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, No. 1 Tsinghua Yuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
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2
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Parihar A, Sharma P, Choudhary NK, Khan R, Mostafavi E. Internet-of-things-integrated molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical nano-sensors for pesticide detection in the environment and food products. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124029. [PMID: 38663510 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
To ensure environmental and health safety, relevant pollutants such as pesticides must be screened thoroughly to set their permissible limit. Various approaches have been used to identify pesticides such as capillary electrophoresis, gas and liquid-liquid chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and enzyme-linked immune-absorbent tests. However, these techniques have some drawbacks, including time-consuming difficult steps, expensive bulky equipment, expert personnel, and a lack of selectivity. Recent advances in the field of biosensing have introduced biosensors for the onsite detection of pesticides which offer several advantages including rapid, simple, selective, sensitive, low-cost operation, and on-site detection. With the advent of molecularly imprinted polymer which substituted the traditional biorecognition elements (BREs) such as enzymes and antibodies, biosensors' sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility enhanced many folds. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) are artificial polymer molecules that resemble natural BREs. They are synthesized when functional monomers are polymerized in the presence of a target analyte. Owing to the advantages of MIP, in this paper, the development of MIP-based electrochemical biosensors for pesticide detection is reviewed critically. A brief introduction to pesticides and the use of MIPs-based electrochemical sensors for pesticide detection is presented along with pros and cons. Further, Internet of Things (IoT) integrated MIP-based nanosensors for pesticide detection and information distribution have been discussed. In the end, future perspectives and challenges while implementing MIP-based nanosensors for onsite pesticide recognition have eventually been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Parihar
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, 462026, MP, India.
| | - Palak Sharma
- NIMS Institute of Allied Medical Science and Technology, NIMS University, Jaipur, 303121, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nishant Kumar Choudhary
- NIMS Institute of Allied Medical Science and Technology, NIMS University, Jaipur, 303121, Rajasthan, India
| | - Raju Khan
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, 462026, MP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Lakavath K, Kafley C, Sajeevan A, Jana S, Marty JL, Kotagiri YG. Progress on Electrochemical Biomimetic Nanosensors for the Detection and Monitoring of Mycotoxins and Pesticides. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:244. [PMID: 38922139 PMCID: PMC11209398 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16060244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring agricultural toxins such as mycotoxins is crucial for a healthy society. High concentrations of these toxins lead to the cause of several chronic diseases; therefore, developing analytical systems for detecting/monitoring agricultural toxins is essential. These toxins are found in crops such as vegetables, fruits, food, and beverage products. Currently, screening of these toxins is mostly performed with sophisticated instrumentation such as chromatography and spectroscopy techniques. However, these techniques are very expensive and require extensive maintenance, and their availability is limited to metro cities only. Alternatively, electrochemical biomimetic sensing methodologies have progressed hugely during the last decade due to their unique advantages like point-of-care sensing, miniaturized instrumentations, and mobile/personalized monitoring systems. Specifically, affinity-based sensing strategies including immunosensors, aptasensors, and molecular imprinted polymers offer tremendous sensitivity, selectivity, and stability to the sensing system. The current review discusses the principal mechanisms and the recent developments in affinity-based sensing methodologies for the detection and continuous monitoring of mycotoxins and pesticides. The core discussion has mainly focused on the fabrication protocols, advantages, and disadvantages of affinity-based sensing systems and different exploited electrochemical transduction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Lakavath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678 557, Kerala, India; (K.L.); (C.K.); (A.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Chandan Kafley
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678 557, Kerala, India; (K.L.); (C.K.); (A.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Anjana Sajeevan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678 557, Kerala, India; (K.L.); (C.K.); (A.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Soumyajit Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678 557, Kerala, India; (K.L.); (C.K.); (A.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Jean Louis Marty
- BAE Laboratory, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Yugender Goud Kotagiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678 557, Kerala, India; (K.L.); (C.K.); (A.S.); (S.J.)
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Kong J, Xu X, Ma Y, Miao J, Bian X. Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Sulfamethizole Using a Reusable Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081693. [PMID: 37107488 PMCID: PMC10137692 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient methods for monitoring sulfonamides (SAs) in water and animal-source foods are of great importance to achieve environmental safety and protect human health. Here, we demonstrate a reusable and label-free electrochemical sensor for the rapid and sensitive detection of sulfamethizole based on an electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) film as the recognition layer. To achieve effective recognition, monomer screening among four kinds of 3-substituted thiophenes was performed by computational simulation and subsequent experimental evaluation, and 3-thiopheneethanol was finally selected. MIP synthesis is very fast and green, and can be in situ fabricated on the transducer surface within 30 min in an aqueous solution. The preparation process of the MIP was characterized by electrochemical techniques. Various parameters affecting MIP fabrication and its recognition response were investigated in detail. Under optimized experimental conditions, good linearity in the range of 0.001-10 μM and a low determination limit of 0.18 nM were achieved for sulfamethizole. The sensor showed excellent selectivity, which can distinguish between structurally similar SAs. In addition, the sensor displayed good reusability and stability. Even after 7 days of storage, or being reused 7 times, higher than 90% of the initial determination signals were retained. The practical applicability of the sensor was also demonstrated in spiked water and milk samples at the nM determination level with satisfactory recoveries. Compared to relevant methods for SAs, this sensor is more convenient, rapid, economical, and eco-friendly, and had comparable or even higher sensitivity, which offered a simple and efficient method for SA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yixin Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Junjian Miao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaojun Bian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Product on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
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Geng L, Liu M, Huang J, Li F, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Sun X. Novel Dual-Signal SiO 2-COOH@MIPs Electrochemical Sensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Chloramphenicol in Milk. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1346. [PMID: 36772386 PMCID: PMC9920509 DOI: 10.3390/s23031346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In view of the great threat of chloramphenicol (CAP) to human health and the fact that a few producers have illegally used CAP in the food production process to seek economic benefits in disregard of laws and regulations and consumer health, we urgently need a detection method with convenient operation, rapid response, and high sensitivity capabilities to detect CAP in food to ensure people's health. Herein, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrochemical sensor based on a dual-signal strategy was designed for the highly sensitive analysis of CAP in milk. The NiFe Prussian blue analog (NiFe-PBA) and SnS2 nanoflowers were modified successively on the electrode surface to obtain dual signals from [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- at 0.2 V and NiFe-PBA at 0.5 V. SiO2-COOH@MIPs that could specifically recognize CAP were synthesized via thermal polymerization using carboxylated silica microspheres (SiO2-COOH) as carriers. When the CAP was adsorbed by SiO2-COOH@MIPs, the above two oxidation peak currents decreased at the same time, allowing the double-signal analysis. The SiO2-COOH@MIPs/SnS2/NiFe-PBA/GCE sensor used for determining CAP was successfully prepared. The sensor utilized the interactions of various nanomaterials to achieve high-sensitivity dual-signal detection, which had certain innovative significance. At the same time, the MIPs were synthesized using a surface molecular imprinting technology, which could omit the time of polymerization and elution and met the requirements for rapid detection. After optimizing the experimental conditions, the detection range of the sensor was 10-8 g/L-10-2 g/L and the limit of detection reached 3.3 × 10-9 g/L (S/N = 3). The sensor had satisfactory specificity, reproducibility, and stability, and was successfully applied to the detection of real milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Geng
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Mengyue Liu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Jingcheng Huang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Falan Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yemin Guo
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Xia Sun
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
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6
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Liang Y, Zhang L, Wang H, Cai X, Zhang L, Xu Y, Yao C, Si W, Huang Z, Shi G. Fabrication of a Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on Tin Disulfide/Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes-modified Electrode for Rutin Determination in Natural Vegetation. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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7
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Guan M, He H, Li R, Si X, Peng X, Yan X, Yang Z, Nien E, Lei Y, Luo L. Lanthanum ions assisted non-enzymatic ratiometric fluorescence probe for monitoring fenthion residues in agro-product samples. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1236:340579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Determination of acrylamide by a quartz crystal microbalance sensor based on nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon composite and molecularly imprinted poly (3-thiophene acetic acid) with gold nanoparticles. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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9
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Molecularly-Imprinted SERS: A Potential Method for Bioanalysis. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most challenging step in developing bioanalytical methods is finding the best sample preparation method. The matrix interference effect of biological sample become a reason of that. Molecularly imprinted SERS become a potential analytical method to be developed to answer this challenge. In this article, we review recent progress in MIP SERS application particularly in bioanalysis. Begin with the explanation about molecular imprinting technique and component, SERS principle, the combination of MIP SERS, and follow by various application of MIP SERS for analysis. Finally, the conclusion and future perspective were also discussed.
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10
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Duan Y, Wang D, Xu Z, Yu Supplementary data S, Zhang X, Liu Z. Sensitive determination of pyrethroid insecticide residues in tea using a molecularly imprinted fiber array based on homemade solid-phase microextraction coatings. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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A Novel SERS Substrate Based on Discarded Oyster Shells for Rapid Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticide. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12040506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the concern for green chemistry and sustainable development has risen dramatically. Researchers make an effort to find solutions to difficult challenges using green chemical processes. In this study, we use oyster shells as a green chemical source to prepare calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO-NPs). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed the CaO-NPs morphology, which was spherical in shape, 40 ± 5 nm in diameter, with uniform dispersion. We further prepared silver/polydopamine/calcium-oxide (Ag/PDA/CaO) nanocomposites as the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates and evaluated their enhancement effect using the methyl parathion pesticide. The effective SERS detection limit of this method is 0.9 nM methyl parathion, which is much lower than the safety limits set by the Collaborative International Pesticides Analytical Council for insecticide in fruits. This novel green material is an excellent SERS substrate for future applications and meets the goal of green chemistry and sustainable development.
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Yang F, Li J, Dong H, Wang G, Han J, Xu R, Kong Q, Huang J, Xiang Y, Yang Q, Sun X, Guo Y. A novel label-free electrochemiluminescence aptasensor using a tetrahedral DNA nanostructure as a scaffold for ultrasensitive detection of organophosphorus pesticides in a luminol-H 2O 2 system. Analyst 2022; 147:712-721. [PMID: 35080213 DOI: 10.1039/d1an02060a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new type of Au-tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (Au-TDN) was originally proposed and successfully applied in an electrochemiluminescence aptasensor to detect organophosphorus pesticides (Ops). The aptamers modified with -SH could be covalently bonded with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to form a tetrahedron structure, and there were independent probes at each vertex of the tetrahedron, which could increase the probability of specific binding with Ops. The originally designed structure could not only maintain a stable tetrahedral configuration, but also combined with the target to improve the sensitivity of the sensor. Meanwhile, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) could catalyze the chemical reaction between luminol and H2O2 to generate a variety of intermediates called reactive oxygen species (ROS) for signal enhancement. Factors that had important influences on the aptasensor, such as the concentration of Au-TDN, the incubation time, and the pH value of the buffer, were optimized in this trial. According to the final results, the limit of detection (LOD) of 3 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3) for methyl parathion, the LOD of 0.3 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3) for parathion and the LOD of 0.03 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3) for phoxim were obtained, respectively. Moreover, the novel tetrahedral structure could be replaced by different types of aptamers to expand its application range and lay a foundation for the development of portable rapid detection devices for pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhen Yang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China.,Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Jiansen Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China.,Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Haowei Dong
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China.,Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Guanjie Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China.,Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Jie Han
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China.,Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Rui Xu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China.,Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Qianqian Kong
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China.,Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Jingcheng Huang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China.,Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yaodong Xiang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China.,Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China.,Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Xia Sun
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China.,Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yemin Guo
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China.,Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo 255049, China
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