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Rehydration Properties of Whey Protein Isolate Powders Containing Nanoparticulated Proteins. DAIRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy2040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rehydration properties of original whey protein isolate (WPIC) powder and spray-dried WPI prepared from either unheated (WPIUH) or nanoparticulated WPI solutions were investigated. Nanoparticulation of whey proteins was achieved by subjecting reconstituted WPIC solutions (10% protein, w/w, pH 7.0) to heat treatment at 90 °C for 30 s with no added calcium (WPIH) or with 2.5 mM added calcium (WPIHCa). Powder surface nanostructure and elemental composition were investigated using atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, followed by dynamic visualisation of wetting and dissolution characteristics using environmental scanning electron microscopy. The surface of powder particles for both WPIUH and WPIC samples generally appeared smooth, while WPIH and WPIHCa displayed micro-wrinkles with more significant deposition of nitrogen and calcium elements. WPIH and WPIHCa exhibited lower wettability and solubility performance than WPIUH and WPIC during microscopic observation. This study demonstrated that heat-induced aggregation of whey proteins, in the presence or absence of added calcium, before drying increases aggregate size, alters the powder surface properties, consequently impairing their wetting characteristics. This study also developed a fundamental understanding of WPI powder obtained from nanoparticulated whey proteins, which could be applied for the development of functional whey-based ingredients in food formulations, such as nanospacers to modulate protein–protein interactions in dairy concentrates.
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Modelling of gas evolution during powder rehydration for Broadband Acoustic Resonance Dissolution Spectroscopy (BARDS). POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Sounding out falsified medicines from genuine medicines using Broadband Acoustic Resonance Dissolution Spectroscopy (BARDS). Sci Rep 2021; 11:12643. [PMID: 34135361 PMCID: PMC8209214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The trade in falsified medicine has increased significantly and it is estimated that global falsified sales have reached $100 billion in 2020. The EU Falsified Medicines Directive states that falsified medicines do not only reach patients through illegal routes but also via the legal supply chain. Falsified medicines can contain harmful ingredients. They can also contain too little or too much active ingredient or no active ingredient at all. BARDS (Broadband Acoustic Resonance Dissolution Spectroscopy) harnesses an acoustic phenomenon associated with the dissolution of a sample (tablet or powder). The resulting acoustic spectrum is unique and intrinsic to the sample and can be used as an identifier or signature profile. BARDS was evaluated in this study to determine whether a product is falsified or genuine in a rapid manner and at lower cost than many existing technologies. A range of genuine and falsified medicines, including falsified antimalarial tablets from south-east Asia, were tested, and compared to their counterpart genuine products. Significant differences between genuine and falsified doses were found in their acoustic signatures as they disintegrate and dissolve. Principal component analysis was employed to differentiate between the genuine and falsified medicines. This demonstrates that the tablets and capsules included here have intrinsic acoustic signatures which could be used to screen the quality of medicines.
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Khalesi M, FitzGerald RJ. Insolubility in milk protein concentrates: potential causes and strategies to minimize its occurrence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6973-6989. [PMID: 33856251 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1908955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Milk protein concentrates (MPCs), which are produced from skim milk following a series of manufacturing steps including pasteurization, membrane filtration, evaporation and spray drying, represent a relatively new category of dairy ingredients. MPC powders mainly comprise caseins and whey proteins in the same ratio of occurrence as in milk. While bovine MPCs have applications as an ingredient in several protein enriched food products, technofunctional concerns, e.g., reduced solubility and emulsification properties, especially after long-term storage, limit their widespread and consistent utilization in many food products. Changes in the surface and internal structure of MPC powder particles during manufacture and storage occur via casein-casein and casein-whey protein interactions and also via the formation of casein crosslinks in the presence of calcium ions which are associated with diminishment of MPCs functional properties. The aggregation of micellar caseins as a result of these interactions has been considered as the main cause of insolubility in MPCs. In addition, the occurrence of lactose-protein interactions as a result of the promotion of the Maillard reaction mainly during storage of MPC may lead to greater insolubility. This review focuses on the solubility of MPC with an emphasis on understanding the factors involved in its insolubility along with approaches which may be employed to overcome MPC insolubility. Several strategies have been developed based on manipulation of the manufacturing process, along with composition, physical, chemical and enzymatic modifications to overcome MPC insolubility. Despite many advances, dairy ingredient manufacturers are still investigating technical solutions to resolve the insolubility issues associated with the large-scale manufacture of MPC.
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Wu S, Cronin K, Fitzpatrick J, Miao S. Updating insights into the rehydration of dairy-based powder and the achievement of functionality. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6664-6681. [PMID: 33792423 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1904203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dairy-based powder had considerable development in the recent decade. Meanwhile, the increased variety of dairy-based powder led to the complex difficulties of rehydrating dairy-based powder, which could be the poor wetting or dissolution of powder. To solve these various difficulties, previous studies investigated the rehydration of powder by mechanical and chemical methods on facilitating rehydration, while strategies were designed to improve the rate-limiting rehydration steps of different powder. In this review, special emphasis is paid to the surface and structure of the dairy-based powder, which was accountable for understanding rehydration and the rate-limiting step. Besides, the advantage and disadvantage of methods employed in rehydration were described and compared. The achievement of the powder functionality was finally discussed and correlated with the rehydration methods. It was found that the surface and structure of dairy-based powder were decided by the components and production of powder. Post-drying methods like agglomeration and coating can tailor the surface and structure of powder afterwards to obtain better rehydration. The merit of the mechanical method is that it can be applied to rehydrate dairy-based powder without any addition of chemicals. Regarding chemical methods, calcium chelation is proved to be an effective chemical in rehydration casein-based powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozong Wu
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland.,Process & Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kevin Cronin
- Process & Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John Fitzpatrick
- Process & Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Song Miao
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
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6
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Shoa P, Mireei SA, Hemmat A, Erasmus SW, Van Ruth SM. Broadband acoustic resonance dissolution spectroscopy as a rapid tool for the compositional analysis of food powders: A case study of edible salts. Food Chem 2021; 351:129287. [PMID: 33640765 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Broadband acoustic resonance dissolution spectroscopy (BARDS) is a novel method that can be used for the analysis of food-based powders, which are mainly characterized by their composition and particle morphology. This study aimed to evaluate BARDS for the compositional analysis of food powders. The changes in the BARDS spectra due to the changes in composition and particle morphology of fifteen salt mixtures (constituting of NaCl, KCl, and MgCl2) in five particle size ranges were comprehensively studied. Moreover, different regression methods were utilized to estimate each mixture component content. The results revealed that the average time-frequency spectra of each mixture in a certain particle size class were highly distinct and allowed discrimination from others. The unique spectra of each salt mixture originated from the specific dissolution rate and degassing effect of each constitutive compound. Finally, the accurate prediction of each mixture component content confirmed the consistency and efficiency of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Shoa
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mireei
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Abbas Hemmat
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Sara W Erasmus
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Saskia M Van Ruth
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands; Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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7
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Andersson I, Bergenståhl B, Alexander M, Paulsson M, Glantz M. Effects of feed composition, protein denaturation and storage of milk serum protein/lactose powders on rehydration properties. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Cenini V, Gallagher L, McKerr G, McCarthy N, McSweeney D, Auty M, O'Hagan B. A novel approach for dynamic in-situ surface characterisation of milk protein concentrate hydration and reconstitution using an environmental scanning electron microscope. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Wu S, Fitzpatrick J, Cronin K, Maidannyk V, Miao S. Effects of spraying surfactants in a fluidised bed on the rehydration behaviour of milk protein isolate powder. J FOOD ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.109694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Ahmed MR, Doyle N, Connolly C, McSweeney S, Krüse J, Morrissey J, Prentice MB, Fitzpatrick D. Tracking Yeast Metabolism and the Crabtree Effect in Real Time via CO 2 Production using Broadband Acoustic Resonance Dissolution Spectroscopy (BARDS). J Biotechnol 2019; 308:63-73. [PMID: 31794782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new approach to measure metabolic activity of yeast via the Crabtree effect is described. BARDS is an analytical technique developed to aid powder and tablet characterisation by monitoring changes in the compressibility of a solvent during solute dissolution. It is a rapid and simple method which utilises a magnetic stir bar to mix added solute and induce the acoustic resonance of a vessel containing a fixed volume of solvent. In this study it is shown that initiation of fermentation in a yeast suspension, in aqueous buffer, is accompanied by reproducible changes in the frequency of induced acoustic resonance. These changes signify increased compressibility of the suspension due to CO2 release by the yeast. A simple standardised BARDS protocol reveals yeast carbon source preferences and can generate quantitative kinetic data on carbon source metabolism which are characteristic of each yeast strain. The Crawford-Woods equation can be used to quantify total gaseous CO2 produced by a given number of viable yeast when supplied with a fixed amount of carbon source. This allows for a value to be calculated for the amount of gaseous CO2 produced by each yeast cell. The approach has the potential to transform the way in which yeast metabolism is tracked and potentially provide an orthogonal or surrogate method to determining viability, vitality and attenuation measurements in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rizwan Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Nicholas Doyle
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - John Morrissey
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Dara Fitzpatrick
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Ireland.
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Barone G, O'Regan J, O'Mahony JA. Influence of composition and microstructure on bulk handling and rehydration properties of whey protein concentrate powder ingredients enriched in α-lactalbumin. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Application of broadband acoustic resonance dissolution spectroscopy (BARDS) to the gas release behaviour during rehydration of milk protein isolate agglomerates. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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van Ruth S, Dekker P, Brouwer E, Rozijn M, Erasmus S, Fitzpatrick D. The sound of salts by Broadband Acoustic Resonance Dissolution Spectroscopy. Food Res Int 2019; 116:1047-1058. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Rupp L, Molitor M, Lucey J. Effect of processing methods and protein content of the concentrate on the properties of milk protein concentrate with 80% protein. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7702-7713. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Crowley SV, Burlot E, Silva JV, McCarthy NA, Wijayanti HB, Fenelon MA, Kelly AL, O'Mahony JA. Rehydration behaviour of spray-dried micellar casein concentrates produced using microfiltration of skim milk at cold or warm temperatures. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Pathania S, Ho QT, Hogan SA, McCarthy N, Tobin JT. Applications of hydrodynamic cavitation for instant rehydration of high protein milk powders. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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The use of inline high-shear rotor-stator mixing for preparation of high-solids milk protein-stabilised oil-in-water emulsions with different protein:fat ratios. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Ahmed MR, McSweeney S, Krüse J, Vos B, Fitzpatrick D. Contactless, probeless and non-titrimetric determination of acid-base reactions using broadband acoustic resonance dissolution spectroscopy (BARDS). Analyst 2018; 143:956-962. [PMID: 29367959 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01447c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
pH determination is a routine measurement in scientific laboratories worldwide. Most major advances in pH measurement were made in the 19th and early 20th century. pH measurements are critical for the determination of acid base reactions. This study demonstrates how an acid-base reaction can be monitored without the use of a pH probe, indicator and titres of reagent. The stoichiometric reaction between carbonate and HCl acid yields specific quantities of CO2, which causes reproducible changes to the compressibility of the solvent. This in turn slows down the speed of sound in solution which is induced by a magnetic follower gently tapping the inner wall of the vessel. As a consequence the frequencies of the acoustic resonances in the vessel are reduced. This approach is called Broadband Acoustic Resonance Dissolution Spectroscopy (BARDS) which harnesses this phenomenon for many applications. The acid-carbonate experiments have also been validated using H2SO4 acid and using both potassium and sodium counterions for the carbonate. This method can be used to interrogate strong acid-base reactions in a rapid and non-invasive manner using carbonate as the base. The data demonstrate the first example of a reactant also acting as an indicator. The applicability of the method to weak acids has yet to be determined. A novel conclusion from the study is that a person with a well-trained ear is capable of determining the concentration and pH of a strong acid just by listening. This brings pH measurement into the realm of human perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rizwan Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, and Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland.
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20
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Peddapatla RVG, Ahmed MR, Blackshields CA, Sousa-Gallagher MJ, McSweeney S, Kruse J, Crean AM, Fitzpatrick D. Broadband Acoustic Resonance Dissolution Spectroscopy (BARDS): A Novel Approach To Investigate the Wettability of Pharmaceutical Powder Blends. Mol Pharm 2017; 15:31-39. [PMID: 28926716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability of broadband acoustic resonance dissolution spectroscopy (BARDS) to assess the wettability of powder blends is investigated. BARDS is a novel analytical technology developed on the basis of the change in acoustic phenomena observed when material is added into a solvent under resonance. Addition of solid material to the solvent results in the introduction of gas (air) into the solvent, changing the compressibility of the solvent system, and reducing the velocity of sound in the solvent. As a material is wetted and dissolved, the gas is released from the solvent and resonance frequency is altered. The main purpose of this work is to demonstrate the ability of BARDS to assess differences in the wetting behavior of tablet excipients (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and magnesium stearate (MgSt)) and a model drug (metoclopramide hydrochloride) as single component powders and multicomponent powder blends. BARDS acoustic responses showed a prolonged release of gas for the powdered blends with lubricant compared to unlubricated blends. As the elimination of gas from the solvent was assumed to follow first order elimination kinetics, a compressible gas elimination rate constant was calculated from the log plots of the gas volume profiles. The gas elimination rate constant was used as a parameter to compare the release of gas from the powder introduced to the solvent and hence the powder wetting behavior. A lower gas elimination rate constant was measured for lubricated blends compared to nonlubricated blends, suggesting the prolonged hydration of lubricated blends. Standard wetting techniques such as contact angle measurements and wetting time analysis were also used to analyze the blends and confirmed differences in wetting behavior determined by BARDS. The study results demonstrate the capability of BARDS as a rapid, analytical tool to determine the wetting behavior of the pharmaceutical powder blends and the potential of BARDS as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu V G Peddapatla
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology Centre, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork , Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - M Rizwan Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork , Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Caroline A Blackshields
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology Centre, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork , Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - M J Sousa-Gallagher
- Process & Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork , Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Sean McSweeney
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork , Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - J Kruse
- Kinetox , 9413 BB, Beilen, Netherlands
| | - Abina M Crean
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology Centre, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork , Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland.,Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork , Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Dara Fitzpatrick
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork , Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
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O’Sullivan JJ, Park M, Beevers J, Greenwood RW, Norton IT. Applications of ultrasound for the functional modification of proteins and nanoemulsion formation: A review. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Monitoring of pilot-scale induction processes for dairy powders using inline and offline approaches. J FOOD ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Silva JVC, O'Mahony JA. Flowability and wetting behaviour of milk protein ingredients as influenced by powder composition, particle size and microstructure. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana V C Silva
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - James A O'Mahony
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
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