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Bagnani M, Peydayesh M, Knapp T, Appenzeller E, Sutter D, Kränzlin S, Gong Y, Wehrle A, Greuter S, Bucher M, Schmid M, Mezzenga R. From Soy Waste to Bioplastics: Industrial Proof of Concept. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2033-2040. [PMID: 38327086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The global plastic waste problem is pushing for the development of sustainable alternatives, encouraged by stringent regulations combined with increased environmental consciousness. In response, this study presents an industrial-scale proof of concept to produce self-standing, transparent, and flexible bioplastic films, offering a possible solution to plastic pollution and resource valorization. We achieve this by combining amyloid fibrils self-assembled from food waste with methylcellulose and glycerol. Specifically, soy whey and okara, two pivotal protein-rich byproducts of tofu manufacturing, emerge as sustainable and versatile precursors for amyloid fibril formation and bioplastic development. An exhaustive industrial-scale feasibility study involving the transformation of 500 L of soy whey into ∼1 km (27 kg) of bioplastic films underscores the potential of this technology. To extend the practicality of our approach, we further processed a running kilometer of film at the industrial scale into transparent windows for paper-based packaging. The mechanical properties and the water interactions of the novel film are tested and compared with those of commercially used plastic films. By pioneering the large-scale production of biodegradable bioplastics sourced from food byproducts, this work not only simultaneously addresses the dual challenges of plastic pollution and food waste but also practically demonstrates the feasibility of biopolymeric building block valorization for the development of sustainable materials in real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bagnani
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Peydayesh
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Knapp
- MIGROS Industrie AG, Josefstrasse 212, 8005 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel Sutter
- FOLEX AG, Bahnhofstrasse 92, 6423 Seewen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kränzlin
- PAWI Packaging Schweiz AG, Grüzefeldstrasse 63, 8404 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Wehrle
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stella Greuter
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Bucher
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Sustainable Packaging Institute SPI, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Anton-Günther-Street 51, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Markus Schmid
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Sustainable Packaging Institute SPI, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Anton-Günther-Street 51, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Mubarak Aldawsari H, Kotta S, Asfour HZ, Vattamkandathil S, Abdelkhalek Elfaky M, Ashri LY, Badr-Eldin SM. Development and evaluation of quercetin enriched bentonite-reinforced starch-gelatin based bioplastic with antimicrobial property. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101861. [PMID: 38028210 PMCID: PMC10663916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays novel bio-based materials have been widely employed in food and pharmaceutical industry because of their wide acceptability by the consumers rather than the synthetic materials nevertheless, they possess poor mechanical properties. Reinforcement of biopolymers with intercalation of mineral clays can improve their physicochemical properties; so that such biocomposites possess superior barrier and mechanical properties as well as stability and drug loading efficacy. Thus, this research aimed at formulating quercetin loaded bentonite-reinforced starch-gelatin based novel bioplastic with diverse applicability. The methodology of the study included Box Behnken optimization as well as physical, structural, mechanical and antimicrobial properties evaluation of the proposed reinforced bioplastics. Amount of starch, bentonite and glycerin were the independent variables while the tensile strength, swelling index and elongation percentage were studied as dependent variables. The optimized bioplastic film showed excellent physicochemical and morphological characteristics and also for efficient percentage drug content. The antimicrobial activity showed the highest activity against Escherichia coli followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the non-homogenous nature of the film. Generally, the results revealed that quercetin loaded bentonite-reinforced starch-gelatin based could be used as ecological friendly active food packaging as well as pharmaceutical application with significant antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibah Mubarak Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabna Kotta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Z. Asfour
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mahmoud Abdelkhalek Elfaky
- Department of Natural products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubna Y. Ashri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt
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3
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Navasingh RJH, Gurunathan MK, Nikolova MP, Królczyk JB. Sustainable Bioplastics for Food Packaging Produced from Renewable Natural Sources. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3760. [PMID: 37765615 PMCID: PMC10534797 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is crucial to find an effective, environmentally acceptable solution, such as bioplastics or biodegradable plastics, to the world's rising plastics demand and the resulting ecological destruction. This study has focused on the environmentally friendly production of bioplastic samples derived from corn starch, rice starch, and tapioca starch, with various calcium carbonate filler concentrations as binders. Two different plasticizers, glycerol and sorbitol, were employed singly and in a rich blend. To test the differences in the physical and chemical properties (water content, absorption of moisture, water solubility, dissolution rate in alcohol, biodegradation in soil, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and FT-IR) of the produced samples, nine samples from each of the three types of bioplastics were produced using various ratios and blends of the fillers and plasticizers. The produced bioplastic samples have a multitude of features that make them appropriate for a variety of applications. The test results show that the starch-based bioplastics that have been suggested would be a better alternative material to be used in the packaging sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Jesudoss Hynes Navasingh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi 626005, Tamil Nadu, India;
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland;
| | - Manoj Kumar Gurunathan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi 626005, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Maria P. Nikolova
- Department of Material Science and Technology, University of Ruse “Angel Kanchev”, 8 Studentska Street, 7017 Ruse, Bulgaria;
| | - Jolanta B. Królczyk
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland;
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4
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Microplastic burden in Africa: A review of occurrence, impacts, and sustainability potential of bioplastics. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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5
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Senthilkumaran A, Babaei-Ghazvini A, Nickerson MT, Acharya B. Comparison of Protein Content, Availability, and Different Properties of Plant Protein Sources with Their Application in Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14051065. [PMID: 35267887 PMCID: PMC8915110 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based proteins are considered to be one of the most promising biodegradable polymers for green packaging materials. Despite this, the practical application of the proteins in the packaging industry on a large scale has yet to be achieved. In the following review, most of the data about plant protein-based packaging materials are presented in two parts. Firstly, the crude protein content of oilseed cakes and meals, cereals, legumes, vegetable waste, fruit waste, and cover crops are indexed, along with the top global producers. In the second part, we present the different production techniques (casting, extrusion, and molding), as well as compositional parameters for the production of bioplastics from the best protein sources including sesame, mung, lentil, pea, soy, peanut, rapeseed, wheat, corn, amaranth, sunflower, rice, sorghum, and cottonseed. The inclusion of these protein sources in packaging applications is also evaluated based on their various properties such as barrier, thermal, and mechanical properties, solubility, surface hydrophobicity, water uptake capacity, and advantages. Having this information could assist the readers in exercising judgement regarding the right source when approving the applications of these proteins as biodegradable packaging material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Senthilkumaran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (A.S.); (A.B.-G.)
| | - Amin Babaei-Ghazvini
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (A.S.); (A.B.-G.)
| | - Michael T. Nickerson
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada;
| | - Bishnu Acharya
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (A.S.); (A.B.-G.)
- Correspondence:
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García-Depraect O, Bordel S, Lebrero R, Santos-Beneit F, Börner RA, Börner T, Muñoz R. Inspired by nature: Microbial production, degradation and valorization of biodegradable bioplastics for life-cycle-engineered products. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107772. [PMID: 34015389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The global environmental pollution by micro- and macro-plastics reveals the consequences of an extensive use of recalcitrant plastic products together with inappropriate waste management practices that fail to sufficiently recycle the broad types of conventional plastic waste. Biobased and biodegradable plastics are experiencing an uprising as their properties offer alternative waste management solutions for a more circular material economy. However, although the production of such bioplastics has advanced on scale, the end-of-life (EOL) (bio)technologies to promote circularity are lacking behind. While composting and biogas plants are the only managed EOL options today, advanced biotechnological recycling technologies for biodegradable bioplastics are still in an embryonic stage. Thus, developing efficient biotechnologies capable of transforming bioplastic waste into high-value chemical building blocks or into the constituents of the original polymer offers promising routes towards life-cycle-engineered products. This review aims at providing a comprehensive state-of-the-art overview of microbial-based processes involved in the complete lifecycle of bioplastics. The current trends in the bioplastic market, the beginning and EOL scenarios of bioplastics, and a critical discussion on the key factors and mechanisms governing microbial degradation are systematically presented. Also, a critical evaluation of terminology and international standards to quantify polymer biodegradability is provided together with the latest biotechnological recycling strategies, including the use of different pre-treatments for (bio)plastic waste. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives for the development of life-cycle-engineered biobased and biodegradable plastic products are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio García-Depraect
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sergio Bordel
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raquel Lebrero
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos-Beneit
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rosa Aragão Börner
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Route du Jorat 57, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tim Börner
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Route du Jorat 57, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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Álvarez-Castillo E, Felix M, Bengoechea C, Guerrero A. Proteins from Agri-Food Industrial Biowastes or Co-Products and Their Applications as Green Materials. Foods 2021; 10:981. [PMID: 33947093 PMCID: PMC8145534 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A great amount of biowastes, comprising byproducts and biomass wastes, is originated yearly from the agri-food industry. These biowastes are commonly rich in proteins and polysaccharides and are mainly discarded or used for animal feeding. As regulations aim to shift from a fossil-based to a bio-based circular economy model, biowastes are also being employed for producing bio-based materials. This may involve their use in high-value applications and therefore a remarkable revalorization of those resources. The present review summarizes the main sources of protein from biowastes and co-products of the agri-food industry (i.e., wheat gluten, potato, zein, soy, rapeseed, sunflower, protein, casein, whey, blood, gelatin, collagen, keratin, and algae protein concentrates), assessing the bioplastic application (i.e., food packaging and coating, controlled release of active agents, absorbent and superabsorbent materials, agriculture, and scaffolds) for which they have been more extensively produced. The most common wet and dry processes to produce protein-based materials are also described (i.e., compression molding, injection molding, extrusion, 3D-printing, casting, and electrospinning), as well as the main characterization techniques (i.e., mechanical and rheological properties, tensile strength tests, rheological tests, thermal characterization, and optical properties). In this sense, the strategy of producing materials from biowastes to be used in agricultural applications, which converge with the zero-waste approach, seems to be remarkably attractive from a sustainability prospect (including environmental, economic, and social angles). This approach allows envisioning a reduction of some of the impacts along the product life cycle, contributing to tackling the transition toward a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos Bengoechea
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Escuela Politécnica Superior, 41011 Sevilla, Spain; (E.Á.-C.); (M.F.); (A.G.)
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8
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Álvarez-Castillo E, Bengoechea C, Guerrero A. Strengthening of Porcine Plasma Protein Superabsorbent Materials through a Solubilization-Freeze-Drying Process. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:772. [PMID: 33802290 PMCID: PMC7959129 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The replacement of common acrylic derivatives by biodegradable materials in the formulation of superabsorbent materials would lessen the associated environmental impact. Moreover, the use of by-products or biowastes from the food industry that are usually discarded would promote a desired circular economy. The present study deals with the development of superabsorbent materials based on a by-product from the meat industry, namely plasma protein, focusing on the effects of a freeze-drying stage before blending with glycerol and eventual injection molding. More specifically, this freeze-drying stage is carried out either directly on the protein flour or after its solubilization in deionized water (10% w/w). Superabsorbent materials obtained after this solubilization-freeze-drying process display higher Young's modulus and tensile strength values, without affecting their water uptake capacity. As greater water uptake is commonly related to poorer mechanical properties, the proposed solubilization-freeze-drying process is a useful strategy for producing strengthened hydrophilic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Álvarez-Castillo
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Seville, Calle Virgen de África, 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain; (C.B.); (A.G.)
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9
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Soaking induced discrepancies in oenological properties, flavor profiles, microbial community and sensory characteristic of Huangjiu (Chinese rice wine). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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Jiménez-Rosado M, Perez-Puyana V, Sánchez-Cid P, Guerrero A, Romero A. Incorporation of ZnO Nanoparticles into Soy Protein-Based Bioplastics to Improve Their Functional Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040486. [PMID: 33557059 PMCID: PMC7913798 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The union of nanoscience (nanofertilization) with controlled release bioplastic systems could be a key factor for the improvement of fertilization in horticulture, avoiding excessive contamination and reducing the price of the products found in the current market. In this context, the objective of this work was to incorporate ZnO nanoparticles in soy protein-based bioplastic processed using injection moulding. Thus, the concentration of ZnO nanoparticles (0 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 2.0 wt%, 4.5 wt%) and mould temperature (70 °C, 90 °C and 110 °C) were evaluated through a mechanical (flexural and tensile properties), morphological (microstructure and nanoparticle distribution) and functional (water uptake capacity, micronutrient release and biodegradability) characterization. The results indicate that these parameters play an important role in the final characteristics of the bioplastics, being able to modify them. Ultimately, this study increases the versatility and functionality of the use of bioplastics and nanofertilization in horticulture, helping to prevent the greatest environmental impact caused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Jiménez-Rosado
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Superior, 41011 Sevilla, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954-557-179
| | - Víctor Perez-Puyana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Química, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (V.P.-P.); (P.S.-C.); (A.R.)
| | - Pablo Sánchez-Cid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Química, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (V.P.-P.); (P.S.-C.); (A.R.)
| | - Antonio Guerrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Superior, 41011 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Alberto Romero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Química, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (V.P.-P.); (P.S.-C.); (A.R.)
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Álvarez-Castillo E, Bengoechea C, Guerrero A. Composites from by-products of the food industry for the development of superabsorbent biomaterials. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Beltrán‐Penagos M, Sánchez‐Camargo ADP, Narváez‐Cuenca C. Proximal composition, bioactive compounds and biorefinery approach in potato tubers ofSolanum tuberosumGroup Phureja: a review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Zhang C, Show PL, Ho SH. Progress and perspective on algal plastics - A critical review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121700. [PMID: 31262543 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in developing bio-based biodegradable plastics to reduce the dependence on depleting fossil fuels and provide a sustainable alternative. Bio-based plastics can usually be produced from lipids, proteins or carbohydrates, which are major components of microalgae. Despite its potential for algal plastics, little information is available on strain selection, culture optimization and bioplastics fabrication mechanism. In this review, we summarized the recent developments in understanding the utilization of seaweed polysaccharides, such as alginate and carrageenan for bio-based plastics. In addition, a conceptual biorefinery framework for algal plastics through promising components (e.g., lipids, carbohydrates and proteins) from microalgae is comprehensively presented. Moreover, the reasons for variations in bioplastics performance and underlying mechanism of various algal biocomposites have been critically discussed. We believe this review can provide valuable information to accelerate the development of innovative green technologies for improving the commercial viability of algal plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Pau-Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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Abstract
Due to the negative environmental impacts of synthetic plastics, the development of biodegradable plastics for both industrial and commercial applications is essential today. Researchers have developed various starch-based composites for different applications. The present work investigates the corn and rice starch-based bioplastics for packaging applications. Various samples of bioplastics are produced, with different compositions of corn and rice starch, glycerol, citric acid, and gelatin. The tensile properties were improved after adding rice starch. However, water absorption and water solubility were reduced. On the basis of these results, the best sample was analyzed for thickness testing, biodegradability properties, SEM, hydrophilicity, thermogravimetric analysis, and sealing properties of bioplastic. The results show the suitability of rice and corn-based thermoplastic starch for packaging applications.
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15
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Karan H, Funk C, Grabert M, Oey M, Hankamer B. Green Bioplastics as Part of a Circular Bioeconomy. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:237-249. [PMID: 30612789 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid accumulation of plastic waste is driving international demand for renewable plastics with superior qualities (e.g., full biodegradability to CO2 without harmful byproducts), as part of an expanding circular bioeconomy. Higher plants, microalgae, and cyanobacteria can drive solar-driven processes for the production of feedstocks that can be used to produce a wide variety of biodegradable plastics, as well as bioplastic-based infrastructure that can act as a long-term carbon sink. The plastic types produced, their chemical synthesis, scaled-up biorefinery concepts (e.g., plant-based methane-to-bioplastic production and co-product streams), bioplastic properties, and uses are summarized, together with the current regulatory framework and the key barriers and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Karan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Joint first author
| | - Christiane Funk
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Joint first author
| | - Martin Grabert
- Montroix Pty Ltd, PO Box 4394, Hawker ACT 2614, Australia
| | - Melanie Oey
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ben Hankamer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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