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Madalena DA, Araújo JF, Ramos ÓL, Vicente AA, Pinheiro AC. Assessing the In Vitro Digestion of Lactoferrin-Curcumin Nanoparticles Using the Realistic Gastric Model. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2237. [PMID: 37570554 PMCID: PMC10421352 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized delivery systems have been the subject of research and discussion in the scientific community due to their unique properties and functionality. However, studies reporting the behaviour of nanodelivery systems under dynamic in vitro digestion conditions are still very scarce. To address this gap, this study aims to assess the dynamic in vitro gastric digestion of lactoferrin/curcumin nanoparticles in the realistic gastric model (RGM). For this purpose, the INFOGEST standard semi-dynamic digestion protocol was used. The nanosystems were characterized in terms of hydrodynamic size, size distribution, polydispersity index (PdI), and zeta potential using dynamic light scattering (DLS), before and during the digestion process. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was also used to examine particle aggregation. In addition, the release of curcumin was evaluated spectroscopically and the intrinsic fluorescence of lactoferrin was measured throughout the digestion process. The protein hydrolysis was also determined by UV-VIS-SWNIR spectroscopy to estimate, in real-time, the presence of free NH2 groups during gastric digestion. It was possible to observe that lactoferrin/curcumin nanoparticles were destabilized during the dynamic digestion process. It was also possible to conclude that low sample volumes can pose a major challenge in the application of dynamic in vitro digestion models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Madalena
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João F. Araújo
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Óscar L. Ramos
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - António A. Vicente
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Pinheiro
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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2
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Cui L, Liu X, Yan R, Chen Q, Wang L, Nawaz S, Qin D, Wang D. Amino acid modified OCMC-g-Suc- β-CD nanohydrogels carrying lapatinib and ginsenoside Rg1 exhibit high anticancer activity in a zebrafish model. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1149191. [PMID: 37251325 PMCID: PMC10210146 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1149191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanohydrogels show great potential as efficient drug carriers due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and high water absorbability. In this paper, we prepared two O-carboxymethylated chitosan (OCMC)-based polymers functionalized with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and amino acid. The structures of the polymers were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Morphological study was carried out on a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and the results indicated that the two polymers had irregular spheroidal structure with some pores distributed on their surface. The average particle diameter was below 500 nm, and the zeta potential was above +30 mV. The two polymers were further used for preparing nanohydrogels loaded with anticancer drugs lapatinib and ginsenoside Rg1, and the resulting nanohydrogels showed high drug loading efficiency and pH-sensitive (pH = 4.5) drug release behavior. In vitro cytotoxicity investigation revealed that the nanohydrogels exhibited high cytotoxicity against lung cancer (A549) cells. In vivo anticancer investigation was performed in a transgenic Tg(fabp10:rtTA2s-M2; TRE2:EGFP-kras V12) zebrafish model. The results showed that the synthesized nanohydrogels significantly inhibited the expression of EGFP-kras v12 oncogene in zebrafish liver, and the L-arginine modified OCMC-g-Suc-β-CD nanohydrogels loading lapatinib and ginsenoside Rg1 showed the best results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | | | - Rongjun Yan
- Jinan International Travel Healthcare Center, Jinan, China
| | - Qixu Chen
- Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze Branch of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Dawei Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Daijie Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze Branch of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze, China
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3
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Evaluating the in vitro digestion of lipids rich in medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) using dynamic and static protocols. Food Chem 2023; 406:135080. [PMID: 36462354 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the digestion of lipids is paramount for developing new lipid-based products. This work evaluated the gastrointestinal (GI) digestion of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) rich lipids. The dynamic GI in vitro system was used to simulate gastric, duodenal, jejunal, and ileal GI tract portions. Results from the dynamic protocol were compared against static in vitro assays and GC analyses were conducted to assess the FA profile of FFA released during digestion. Caprylic and capric acids released during the gastric digestion of MCT oil varied from 61-63% and 36-38% of total esterified FA, respectively. Lauric acid was the most representative FFA released (31-54%) during the gastric digestion of coconut oil samples. It was observed that the gastric digestion phase plays a crucial role in the MCFA lipolysis and the lipase activity restricted the amount of free MCFA liberated during the GI digestion, resulting in incomplete lipids hydrolysis.
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Shaddel R, Akbari-Alavijeh S, Cacciotti I, Yousefi S, Tomas M, Capanoglu E, Tarhan O, Rashidinejad A, Rezaei A, Bhia M, Jafari SM. Caffeine-loaded nano/micro-carriers: Techniques, bioavailability, and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4940-4965. [PMID: 36412258 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2147143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine, as one of the most consumed bioactive compounds globally, has gained considerable attention during the last years. Considering the bitter taste and adverse effects of high levels of caffeine consumption, it is crucial to apply a strategy for masking the caffeine's bitter taste and facilitating its programmable deliverance within a long time. Other operational parameters such as food processing parameters, exposure to sunlight and oxygen, and gastrointestinal digestion could also degrade the phenolic compounds in general and caffeine in special. To overcome these challenges, various nano/micro-platforms have been fabricated, including lipid-based (e.g., nanoliposomal vehicles; nanoemulsions, double emulsions, Pickering emulsions; microemulsions; niosomal vehicles; solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers), as well as biopolymeric (e.g., nanoparticles; hydrogels, organogels, oleogels; nanofibers and nanotubes; protein-polysaccharide nanocomplexes, conjugates; cyclodextrin inclusion complexes) and inorganic (e.g., gold and silica nanoparticles) nano/micro-structures. In this review, the findings on various caffeine-loaded nano/micro-carriers and their potential applications in functional food products/supplements will be discussed. Also, the controlled release and bioavailability of encapsulated caffeine will be given, and finally, the toxicity and safety of encapsulated caffeine will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Shaddel
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Safoura Akbari-Alavijeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ilaria Cacciotti
- Department of Engineering, INSTM RU, University of Rome "Niccolò Cusano", Roma, Italy
| | - Shima Yousefi
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Merve Tomas
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Tarhan
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Ali Rashidinejad
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Atefe Rezaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammed Bhia
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Jiang Z, Li J, Chen W, Hussain MA, Wei X, Bilawal A, Hou J. Characterization of chitosan/α-lactalbumin nanocomplex particle and its encapsulation for retinol. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Madalena D, Fernandes J, Avelar Z, Gonçalves R, Ramos ÓL, Vicente AA, Pinheiro AC. Emerging challenges in assessing bio-based nanosystems’ behaviour under in vitro digestion focused on food applications – A critical view and future perspectives. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abad I, Conesa C, Sánchez L. Development of Encapsulation Strategies and Composite Edible Films to Maintain Lactoferrin Bioactivity: A Review. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237358. [PMID: 34885510 PMCID: PMC8658689 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a whey protein with various and valuable biological activities. For this reason, LF has been used as a supplement in formula milk and functional products. However, it must be considered that the properties of LF can be affected by technological treatments and gastrointestinal conditions. In this article, we have revised the literature published on the research done during the last decades on the development of various technologies, such as encapsulation or composite materials, to protect LF and avoid its degradation. Multiple compounds can be used to conduct this protective function, such as proteins, including those from milk, or polysaccharides, like alginate or chitosan. Furthermore, LF can be used as a component in complexes, nanoparticles, hydrogels and emulsions, to encapsulate, protect and deliver other bioactive compounds, such as essential oils or probiotics. Additionally, LF can be part of systems to deliver drugs or to apply certain therapies to target cells expressing LF receptors. These systems also allow improving the detection of gliomas and have also been used for treating some pathologies, such as different types of tumours. Finally, the application of LF in edible and active films can be effective against some contaminants and limit the increase of the natural microbiota present in meat, for example, becoming one of the most interesting research topics in food technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Abad
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.A.); (C.C.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Celia Conesa
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Lourdes Sánchez
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.A.); (C.C.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976-761-585
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Chander S, Kulkarni GT, Dhiman N, Kharkwal H. Protein-Based Nanohydrogels for Bioactive Delivery. Front Chem 2021; 9:573748. [PMID: 34307293 PMCID: PMC8299995 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.573748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels possess a unique three-dimensional, cross-linked network of polymers capable of absorbing large amounts of water and biological fluids without dissolving. Nanohydrogels (NGs) or nanogels are composed of diverse types of polymers of synthetic or natural origin. Their combination is bound by a chemical covalent bond or is physically cross-linked with non-covalent bonds like electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and hydrogen bonding. Its remarkable ability to absorb water or other fluids is mainly attributed to hydrophilic groups like hydroxyl, amide, and sulphate, etc. Natural biomolecules such as protein- or peptide-based nanohydrogels are an important category of hydrogels which possess high biocompatibility and metabolic degradability. The preparation of protein nanohydrogels and the subsequent encapsulation process generally involve use of environment friendly solvents and can be fabricated using different proteins, such as fibroins, albumin, collagen, elastin, gelatin, and lipoprotein, etc. involving emulsion, electrospray, and desolvation methods to name a few. Nanohydrogels are excellent biomaterials with broad applications in the areas of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and drug delivery due to certain advantages like biodegradability, biocompatibility, tunable mechanical strength, molecular binding abilities, and customizable responses to certain stimuli like ionic concentration, pH, and temperature. The present review aims to provide an insightful analysis of protein/peptide nanohydrogels including their preparation, biophysiochemical aspects, and applications in diverse disciplines like in drug delivery, immunotherapy, intracellular delivery, nutraceutical delivery, cell adhesion, and wound dressing. Naturally occurring structural proteins that are being explored in protein nanohydrogels, along with their unique properties, are also discussed briefly. Further, the review also covers the advantages, limitations, overview of clinical potential, toxicity aspects, stability issues, and future perspectives of protein nanohydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Chander
- Amity Institute of Phytochemistry and Phytomedicine, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Giriraj T. Kulkarni
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
- Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Harsha Kharkwal
- Amity Institute of Phytochemistry and Phytomedicine, Amity University, Noida, India
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Active Carboxymethylcellulose-Based Edible Films: Influence of Free and Encapsulated Curcumin on Films' Properties. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071512. [PMID: 34209227 PMCID: PMC8304399 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-based films can act as a protective barrier in food surfaces and a carrier of bioactive compounds, such as curcumin. However, incorporating curcumin in hydrophilic matrixes can be a challenge, and new strategies need to be explored. In this work, CMC-based films containing free curcumin and curcumin-loaded nanohydrogels (composed of lactoferrin and glycomacropeptide) were produced and characterized. The incorporation of curcumin-loaded nanohydrogels showed a significant decrease in films’ thickness (from 0.0791 to 0.029 mm). Furthermore, the water vapor permeability of CMC-based films was significantly decreased (62%) by incorporating curcumin-loaded nanohydrogels in the films. The water affinity’s properties (moisture, solubility, and contact angle) of films were also affected by incorporating encapsulated curcumin. The addition of nanohydrogels to CMC-based films reduced the tensile strength values from 16.46 to 9.87 MPa. Chemical interactions were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The release profile of curcumin from CMC-based films was evaluated at 25 °C using a hydrophilic food simulant and suggests that the release mechanism of the curcumin happens by Fick’s diffusion and Case II transport. Results showed that protein-based nanohydrogels can be a good strategy for incorporating curcumin in edible films, highlighting their potential for use in food applications.
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Xavier M, Parente IA, Rodrigues PM, Cerqueira MA, Pastrana L, Gonçalves C. Safety and fate of nanomaterials in food: The role of in vitro tests. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Lv P, Wang D, Chen Y, Zhu S, Zhang J, Mao L, Gao Y, Yuan F. Pickering emulsion gels stabilized by novel complex particles of high-pressure-induced WPI gel and chitosan: Fabrication, characterization and encapsulation. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Simões LS, Martins JT, Pinheiro AC, Vicente AA, Ramos OL. β-lactoglobulin micro- and nanostructures as bioactive compounds vehicle: In vitro studies. Food Res Int 2020; 131:108979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.108979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Wei YS, Feng K, Zong MH, Wu H. pH-responsive composite micro-capsule as an efficient intestinal-specific oral delivery system for lactoferrin. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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14
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Niu Z, Loveday SM, Barbe V, Thielen I, He Y, Singh H. Protection of native lactoferrin under gastric conditions through complexation with pectin and chitosan. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Bourbon AI, Pereira RN, Pastrana LM, Vicente AA, Cerqueira MA. Protein-Based Nanostructures for Food Applications. Gels 2019; 5:E9. [PMID: 30813359 PMCID: PMC6473444 DOI: 10.3390/gels5010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins are receiving significant attention for the production of structures for the encapsulation of active compounds, aimed at their use in food products. Proteins are one of the most used biomaterials in the food industry due to their nutritional value, non-toxicity, biodegradability, and ability to create new textures, in particular, their ability to form gel particles that can go from macro- to nanoscale. This review points out the different techniques to obtain protein-based nanostructures and their use to encapsulate and release bioactive compounds, while also presenting some examples of food grade proteins, the mechanism of formation of the nanostructures, and the behavior under different conditions, such as in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Bourbon
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo N Pereira
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Lorenzo M Pastrana
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.
| | - António A Vicente
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Miguel A Cerqueira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.
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Zhang Y, Rauf Khan A, Fu M, Zhai Y, Ji J, Bobrovskaya L, Zhai G. Advances in curcumin-loaded nanopreparations: improving bioavailability and overcoming inherent drawbacks. J Drug Target 2019; 27:917-931. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1572158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Manfei Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianbo Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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17
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Helal NA, Eassa HA, Amer AM, Eltokhy MA, Edafiogho I, Nounou MI. Nutraceuticals' Novel Formulations: The Good, the Bad, the Unknown and Patents Involved. RECENT PATENTS ON DRUG DELIVERY & FORMULATION 2019; 13:105-156. [PMID: 31577201 PMCID: PMC6806606 DOI: 10.2174/1872211313666190503112040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals hold pragmatic nature with respect to their definitions, claims, purposes and marketing strategies. Their definitions are not well established worldwide. They also have different regulatory definitions and registration regulatory processes in different parts of the world. Global prevalence of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals is noticeably high with large market share with minimal regulation compared to traditional drugs. The global market is flooded with nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals claiming to be of natural origin and sold with a therapeutic claim by major online retail stores such as Amazon and eBay. Apart from the traditional formulations, many manufacturers and researchers use novel formulation technologies in nutraceutical and cosmeceutical formulations for different reasons and objectives. Manufacturers tend to differentiate their products with novel formulations to increase market appeal and sales. On the other hand, researchers use novel strategies to enhance nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals activity and safety. The objective of this review is to assess the current patents and research adopting novel formulation strategies in nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals. Patents and research papers investigating nutraceutical and cosmeceutical novel formulations were surveyed for the past 15 years. Various nanosystems and advanced biotechnology systems have been introduced to improve the therapeutic efficacy, safety and market appeal of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals, including liposomes, polymeric micelles, quantum dots, nanoparticles, and dendrimers. This review provides an overview of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals current technologies, highlighting their pros, cons, misconceptions, regulatory definitions and market. This review also aims in separating the science from fiction in the nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals development, research and marketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada A. Helal
- Both authors contributed equality to this manuscript
| | - Heba A. Eassa
- Both authors contributed equality to this manuscript
| | | | | | | | - Mohamed I. Nounou
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DPS), School of Pharmacy and Physician Assistant Studies (SOPPAS), University of Saint Joseph (USJ), Hartford, CT, 06103, USA;
E-mail:
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