1
|
Promoting Protein Intake in an Ageing Population: Product Design Implications for Protein Fortification. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235083. [PMID: 36501113 PMCID: PMC9735980 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein is a macronutrient of interest for an ageing population and intake requirements increase with age. Accordingly, protein is often fortified into products for older adults to help alleviate malnutrition and impede sarcopenia. However, more emphasis needs to be placed upon designing protein-fortified products to ensure suitability for older adults. This study involved a two-stage approach: (1) an initial review of products commonly fortified with protein and (2) two questionnaires for younger and older adults (n = 73; 18-30; 65+) to investigate optimal portion sizes (drinks and cakes) as well as attitudes, consumption habits and preferences towards protein fortification. The initial literature and market review demonstrated protein-fortified products are typically in liquid or snack format; however, there is considerable variability in terms of product types, serving size and protein sources. There were no age-related differences found for ideal cakes portion size whereas there were for liquids. Older adults are typically not consuming protein-fortified products; therefore, more importance should be placed on the consumption moment (breakfast or as snacks between meals) and on cereals, pasta, porridge, cakes, and biscuits. Older adults need increased awareness of, and more education on, the benefits of protein consumption, coupled with products tailored and designed to encourage intake.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ben-Harchache S, Roche HM, Corish CA, Horner KM. The Impact of Protein Supplementation on Appetite and Energy Intake in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2020; 12:490-502. [PMID: 33037427 PMCID: PMC8009738 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein supplementation is an attractive strategy to prevent loss of muscle mass in older adults. However, it could be counterproductive due to adverse effects on appetite. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of protein supplementation on appetite and/or energy intake (EI) in healthy older adults. MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched up to June 2020. Acute and longitudinal studies in healthy adults ≥60 y of age that reported effects of protein supplementation (through supplements or whole foods) compared with control and/or preintervention (for longitudinal studies) on appetite ratings, appetite-related peptides, and/or EI were included. Random-effects model meta-analysis was performed on EI, with other outcomes qualitatively reviewed. Twenty-two studies (9 acute, 13 longitudinal) were included, involving 857 participants (331 males, 526 females). In acute studies (n = 8), appetite ratings were suppressed in 7 out of 24 protein arms. For acute studies reporting EI (n = 7, n = 22 protein arms), test meal EI was reduced following protein preload compared with control [mean difference (MD): -164 kJ; 95% CI: -299, -29 kJ; P = 0.02]. However, when energy content of the supplement was accounted for, total EI was greater with protein compared with control (MD: 649 kJ; 95% CI: 438, 861 kJ; P < 0.00001). Longitudinal studies (n = 12 protein arms) showed a higher protein intake (MD: 0.29 g ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ d-1; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.45 g ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ d-1; P < 0.001) and no difference in daily EI between protein and control groups at the end of trials (MD: -54 kJ/d; 95% CI: -300, 193 kJ/d; P = 0.67). While appetite ratings may be suppressed with acute protein supplementation, there is either a positive effect or no effect on total EI in acute and longitudinal studies, respectively. Therefore, protein supplementation may represent an effective solution to increase protein intakes in healthy older adults without compromising EI through appetite suppression. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019125771 (CRD42019125771).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ben-Harchache
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland,Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen M Roche
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland,Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland,Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland,Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Clare A Corish
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland,Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Coutinho NM, Silveira MR, Pimentel TC, Freitas MQ, Moraes J, Fernandes LM, Silva MC, Raices RS, Ranadheera CS, Borges FO, Neto RP, Tavares MIB, Fernandes FA, Nazzaro F, Rodrigues S, Cruz AG. Chocolate milk drink processed by cold plasma technology: Physical characteristics, thermal behavior and microstructure. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|