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Xu K, Zou W, Peng B, Guo C, Zou X. Lipid Droplets from Plants and Microalgae: Characteristics, Extractions, and Applications. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040594. [PMID: 37106794 PMCID: PMC10135979 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant and algal LDs are gaining popularity as a promising non-chemical technology for the production of lipids and oils. In general, these organelles are composed of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and various surface-associated proteins. Many studies have shown that LDs are involved in numerous biological processes such as lipid trafficking and signaling, membrane remodeling, and intercellular organelle communications. To fully exploit the potential of LDs for scientific research and commercial applications, it is important to develop suitable extraction processes that preserve their properties and functions. However, research on LD extraction strategies is limited. This review first describes recent progress in understanding the characteristics of LDs, and then systematically introduces LD extraction strategies. Finally, the potential functions and applications of LDs in various fields are discussed. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the properties and functions of LDs, as well as potential approaches for their extraction and utilization. It is hoped that these findings will inspire further research and innovation in the field of LD-based technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwei Xu
- Institute of Systems Security and Control, College of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710074, China
| | - Wen Zou
- State Owned SIDA Machinery Manufacturing, Xianyang 712201, China
| | - Biao Peng
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710074, China
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiaotong Zou
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
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zaaboul F, Zhao Q, Xu Y, Liu Y. Soybean oil bodies: A review on composition, properties, food applications, and future research aspects. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ashique S, Singh A, Sandhu NK. Stability Issues, Probable Approaches for Stabilization and Associated Patents in the Pharmaceutical Field for Oleosome, A Novel Carrier for Drug Delivery. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 16:207-218. [PMID: 33726660 DOI: 10.2174/1872210515666210316104149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oleosomes are oil-containing micro-carriers of natural origin that are comprised of special oleosin proteins embedded with a monolayer of phospholipids having a triacylglycerol core. Due to their unique structure and non-toxicity in the biological system, these oil carriers are becoming very eye-catching for formulation development in the field of pharmacy. Consequently, oleosome offers emoliency, occlusivity, self-emulsification, anti-oxidant, and film-forming properties, which leads to controlled and sustained release of encapsulated bio-actives. It is also feasible to load oil-soluble ingredients, such as fragrance, vitamins (retinol), and lipophilic drug moieties inside the core. Being a natural carrier, it shows some stability issues (leakage of oil from the core, oxidation of the loaded oil, aggregation of oil droplets), which are controllable. In this review, we have focused on the various stability issues, the techniques (coating, surface modification, solvents) and how to overcome those problems, and how to load any lipophilic drug into the oil core, and we have also linked patent research works in the field of formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab-142001, India
| | - Ajmer Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab-142001, India
| | - Navjot K Sandhu
- Department of Quality Assurance and Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab-142001, India
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Combinational effects of acid and salt addition on colloidal, interfacial, and emulsifying properties of purified soybean oil bodies. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Xu D, Gao Q, Ma N, Hao J, Yuan Y, Zhang M, Cao Y, Ho CT. Structures and physicochemical characterization of enzyme extracted oil bodies from rice bran. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Ntone E, Bitter JH, Nikiforidis CV. Not sequentially but simultaneously: Facile extraction of proteins and oleosomes from oilseeds. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ishii T, Matsumiya K, Nambu Y, Samoto M, Yanagisawa M, Matsumura Y. Interfacial and emulsifying properties of crude and purified soybean oil bodies. FOOD STRUCTURE-NETHERLANDS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foostr.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Nikiforidis CV, Matsakidou A, Kiosseoglou V. Composition, properties and potential food applications of natural emulsions and cream materials based on oil bodies. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00903g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil bodies are micron- or submicron-sized organelles found mainly in parts of plants such as seeds, nuts or some fruits and their main role is to function as energy stores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthia Matsakidou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology
- Department of Chemistry
- Aristotle University
- Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasilios Kiosseoglou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology
- Department of Chemistry
- Aristotle University
- Thessaloniki, Greece
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10
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Enzyme-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Oilseeds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1201/b11241-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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11
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Recovery and Functional Properties of Soy Storage Proteins from Lab‐ and Pilot‐Plant Scale Oleosome Production. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-011-1976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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12
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Kapchie VN, Hauck CC, Wang H, Murphy PA. Process improvement for semipurified oleosomes on a pilot-plant scale. J Food Sci 2011; 76:C853-60. [PMID: 22417483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Semipurified oleosomes were isolated on a pilot-plant scale using improved-process extraction conditions. The improved process consisted of continuous centrifugation in a three-phase decanter with recirculation of slurry until most of the oleosomes were recovered. Oleosome fractionation, oleosin identification, and isoflavone and saponin mass distributions and recoveries were investigated. The improved pilot-plant oleosome extraction process was achieved in 8 h. A total of 91%± 1% of soybean oil was recovered as intact oleosomes. The oil content of the aqueous supernatant and the residue fractions were low at 2% and 3%, respectively. The aqueous supernatant fraction contained 40% total soybean protein. About 76% of the proteins present in the oleosome fraction were soybean storage proteins. Washing the semipurified oleosomes with a 0.1 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.6 containing 0.4 M sucrose, and 0.5 M NaCl resulted in the recovery of the associated storage proteins. The recovery of these proteins in addition to the protein in aqueous supernatant accounted for 79% of the total soybean storage proteins fractionated by this process. Oleosins were detected at 17 and 18 kDa. Isoflavones and saponins partitioned into the oleosome, aqueous supernatant, and residue fractions at different ratios with the majority, about 82 and 63 mole%, respectively, in oleosome and aqueous supernatant fractions, making these fractions an attractive source for phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie N Kapchie
- Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Center for Crops Utilization Research, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Campbell KA, Glatz CE, Johnson LA, Jung S, Moura JMN, Kapchie V, Murphy P. Advances in Aqueous Extraction Processing of Soybeans. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-010-1724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Campbell
- Solae, LLC.4272 S Mendenhall RdMemphisTN38141USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
- The Solae Company4272 S Mendenhall RoadMemphisTN38141USA
| | - C. E. Glatz
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
- Center for Crops Utilization and ResearchIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - L. A. Johnson
- Center for Crops Utilization and ResearchIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - S. Jung
- Center for Crops Utilization and ResearchIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
- Department of Food Science, Health, and NutritionIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - J. M. N. Moura
- Center for Crops Utilization and ResearchIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
- Department of Food Science, Health, and NutritionIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - V. Kapchie
- Center for Crops Utilization and ResearchIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
- Department of Food Science, Health, and NutritionIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - P. Murphy
- Center for Crops Utilization and ResearchIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
- Department of Food Science, Health, and NutritionIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
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Chen B, McClements DJ, Gray DA, Decker EA. Stabilization of soybean oil bodies by enzyme (laccase) cross-linking of adsorbed beet pectin coatings. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:9259-65. [PMID: 23654247 DOI: 10.1021/jf102082u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Soybean oil bodies are naturally coated by a layer of phospholipids and oleosin proteins, which protect them from in vivo environmental stresses. When oil bodies are incorporated into food products, they encounter new environmental stresses such as changes in pH, ionic strength, and temperature. Consequently, additional protection mechanisms are often needed to stabilize them. The purpose of this study was to determine whether soybean oil bodies could be stabilized by coating them with a layer of cross-linked anionic polysaccharide (beet pectin). The beet pectin layer was cross-linked via its ferulic acid groups using laccase (an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of phenolic groups). Oil body suspensions were prepared that contained 1 wt % oil and 0.06 wt % beet pectin at pH 7 and were then adjusted to pH 4.5 to promote electrostatic deposition of the beet pectin molecules onto the surfaces of the oil bodies. Laccase was then added to promote cross-linking of the adsorbed beet pectin layer. Cross-linked pectin-coated oil bodies had similar or better stability than uncoated oil bodies to pH changes (3 to 7), NaCl addition (0 to 500 mM), and freeze-thaw cycling (-20 °C for 22 h; +40 °C for 2 h). These pectin-coated oil bodies may provide a convenient means of incorporating soybean oil into food and other products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingcan Chen
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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