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Evaluation of The Antioxidant Capacity of Food Products: Methods, Applications and Limitations. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Assays of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) are popular in the analysis of food products. This review presents the most popular assays of TAC and their limitations, databases of TAC of food products, their application in clinical studies, and the effect of processing on the TAC of food. The importance of sample preparation for TAC assays and striking effects of digestion in the gastrointestinal tract on the TAC of food are discussed. Critical opinions on the validity of food TAC assays are considered. It is concluded that TAC methods can be useful as screening assays for food quality control and as low-cost, high-throughput tools used to discover potential antioxidant sources and follow changes in the content of antioxidants during food processing. However, effects revealed by TAC assays should be followed and explained using more specific methods.
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Thermochemical Characterization of Eight Seaweed Species and Evaluation of Their Potential Use as an Alternative for Biofuel Production and Source of Bioactive Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042355. [PMID: 35216471 PMCID: PMC8880020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Algae are underexplored resources in Western countries and novel approaches are needed to boost their industrial exploitation. In this work, eight edible seaweeds were subjected to their valorization in terms of nutritional characterization, thermochemical properties, and bioactive profile. Our results suggest that seaweeds present a rich nutritional profile, in which carbohydrates are present in high proportions, followed by a moderate protein composition and a valuable content of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The thermochemical characterization of seaweeds showed that some macroalgae present a low ash content and high volatile matter and carbon fixation rates, being promising sources for alternative biofuel production. The bioactive profile of seaweeds was obtained from their phenolic and carotenoid content, together with the evaluation of their associated bioactivities. Among all the species analyzed, Porphyra purpurea presented a balanced composition in terms of carbohydrates and proteins and the best thermochemical profile. This species also showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity. Additionally, Himanthalia elongata extracts showed the highest contents of total phenolics and a moderate carotenoid content, which led to the highest rates of antioxidant activity. Overall, these results suggest that seaweeds can be used as food or functional ingredient to increase the nutritional quality of food formulations.
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González‐Ortega R, Ferrentino G, Alam MR, Scampicchio M, Pittia P. Antioxidant activity of natural extracts measured with a novel solid‐state crocin bleaching assay by hot melt extrusion. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo González‐Ortega
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of BolzanoPiazza Università Bolzano Italy
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment University of Teramo Teramo Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrentino
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of BolzanoPiazza Università Bolzano Italy
| | - Md Rizvi Alam
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of BolzanoPiazza Università Bolzano Italy
| | - Matteo Scampicchio
- Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of BolzanoPiazza Università Bolzano Italy
| | - Paola Pittia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment University of Teramo Teramo Italy
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The Versatility of Antioxidant Assays in Food Science and Safety-Chemistry, Applications, Strengths, and Limitations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080709. [PMID: 32764410 PMCID: PMC7464350 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a growing interest in screening and quantifying antioxidants from biological samples in the quest for natural and effective antioxidants to combat free radical-related pathological complications. Antioxidant assays play a crucial role in high-throughput and cost-effective assessment of antioxidant capacities of natural products such as medicinal plants and food samples. However, several investigators have expressed concerns about the reliability of existing in vitro assays. Such concerns arise mainly from the poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo results. In addition, in vitro assays have the problem of reproducibility. To date, antioxidant capacities are measured using a panel of assays whereby each assay has its own advantages and limitations. This unparalleled review hotly disputes on in vitro antioxidant assays and elaborates on the chemistry behind each assay with the aim to point out respective principles/concepts. The following critical questions are also addressed: (1) What make antioxidant assays coloured? (2) What is the reason for working at a particular wavelength? (3) What are the advantages and limitations of each assay? and (4) Why is a particular colour observed in antioxidant–oxidant chemical reactions? Furthermore, this review details the chemical mechanism of reactions that occur in each assay together with a colour ribbon to illustrate changes in colour. The review ends with a critical conclusion on existing assays and suggests constructive improvements on how to develop an adequate and universal antioxidant assay.
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Chokki M, Cudălbeanu M, Zongo C, Dah-Nouvlessounon D, Ghinea IO, Furdui B, Raclea R, Savadogo A, Baba-Moussa L, Avamescu SM, Dinica RM, Baba-Moussa F. Exploring Antioxidant and Enzymes (A-Amylase and B-Glucosidase) Inhibitory Activity of Morinda lucida and Momordica charantia Leaves from Benin. Foods 2020; 9:foods9040434. [PMID: 32260400 PMCID: PMC7230926 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Momordica charantia Linn. (Cucurbitaceae), the wild variety of bitter melon and Morinda lucida Benth (Rubiaceae) were commonly used as a popular folk medicine in Benin. This research focused to measure the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects of M. charantia and M. lucida leaves and their antidiabetic activity. METHODS Antioxidant activities were evaluated by micro-dilution technique using DPPH free radical scavenging activity and β-carotene-linoleate bleaching assay. The α-amylase inhibition assay was carried out utilizing the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid procedure, while β-glucosidase inhibition assay was demonstrated using as substrate p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG). HPLC-DAD analysis was realized using a high-performance liquid chromatography systems with diode-array detector, L-3000. RESULTS Chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, daidzein, rutin, naringin, quercetin, naringenin and genistein were identified as polyphenol compounds in the both plants extract. Dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts showed a good α-amylase inhibitory activity (56.46 ± 1.96% and 58.76 ± 2.74% respectively). M. lucida methanolic extract has shown IC50 of 0.51 ± 0.01 mg/mL, which is the lowest for DPPH scavenging activity. M. lucida dichloromethane extract showed the highest inhibitory capacity of β-glucosidase activity (82.11. ± 2.15%). CONCLUSION These results justify some traditional medicinal uses of both plants. The purified fractions could be used in future formulations, possibly incorporated in functional foods to combat certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaelle Chokki
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Technologie Alimentaire, FAST, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, ISBA-Champ de foire, Cotonou 01BP: 526, Benin
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et immunologie Appliquées (LABIA), Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina-Faso; (C.Z.); (A.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.C.); (D.D.-N.); (I.O.G.)
| | - Mihaela Cudălbeanu
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.C.); (D.D.-N.); (I.O.G.)
| | - Cheikna Zongo
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et immunologie Appliquées (LABIA), Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina-Faso; (C.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Durand Dah-Nouvlessounon
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.C.); (D.D.-N.); (I.O.G.)
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cotonou 05BP1604, Benin;
| | - Ioana Otilia Ghinea
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.C.); (D.D.-N.); (I.O.G.)
| | - Bianca Furdui
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.C.); (D.D.-N.); (I.O.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.D.); (B.F.); (F.B.-M.); Tel.: +033-6130-251 (R.M.D.); +033-6130-251 (B.F.); +229-9692-68-28 (F.B.-M.)
| | - Robert Raclea
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Aly Savadogo
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et immunologie Appliquées (LABIA), Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina-Faso; (C.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Lamine Baba-Moussa
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cotonou 05BP1604, Benin;
| | - Sorin Marius Avamescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Soseaua Panduri, Bucharest, Romania;
- University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, 59 Marasti Blvd, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rodica Mihaela Dinica
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.C.); (D.D.-N.); (I.O.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.D.); (B.F.); (F.B.-M.); Tel.: +033-6130-251 (R.M.D.); +033-6130-251 (B.F.); +229-9692-68-28 (F.B.-M.)
| | - Farid Baba-Moussa
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Technologie Alimentaire, FAST, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, ISBA-Champ de foire, Cotonou 01BP: 526, Benin
- Correspondence: (R.M.D.); (B.F.); (F.B.-M.); Tel.: +033-6130-251 (R.M.D.); +033-6130-251 (B.F.); +229-9692-68-28 (F.B.-M.)
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Resende Oliveira É, Fonseca da Silva R, Ribeiro Santos P, Queiroz F. An investigation into green coffee press cake as a renewable source of bioactive compounds. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Érica Resende Oliveira
- Food Science Department Federal University of Lavras Avenida Doutor Sylvio Menicucci 1001 Lavras MG 37200‐000 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Fonseca da Silva
- Soil Science Department Federal University of Lavras Avenida Doutor Sylvio Menicucci 1001 Lavras MG 37200‐000 Brazil
| | - Paula Ribeiro Santos
- Statistics Department Federal University of Lavras Avenida Doutor Sylvio Menicucci 1001 Lavras MG 37200‐000 Brazil
| | - Fabiana Queiroz
- Food Science Department Federal University of Lavras Avenida Doutor Sylvio Menicucci 1001 Lavras MG 37200‐000 Brazil
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Jang HJ, Jung J, Yu HS, Lee NK, Paik HD. Evaluation of the Quality of Yogurt Using Ginseng Extract Powder and Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum NK181. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:1160-1167. [PMID: 30675108 PMCID: PMC6335138 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.e47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the composition, pH, titratable activity,
microbial properties, and antioxidant effect of yogurt using ginseng extract powder (GEP),
Lactobacillus plantarum NK181, and Streptococcus
thermophilus as the starter culture. Different concentration of GEP (0%, 0.5%, 1%,
1.5%, and 2% (w/v)) were used in the yogurt. During yogurt fermentation, pH was decreased;
however, titratable acidity and viable cell counts were increased. The addition of GEP to
yogurt led to a decrease in moisture content and an increase in the fat, ash, and total solids
content. The antioxidant effect using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical
scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay
gradually increased with added GEP. Overall, yogurt fermented with 1% GEP was acceptable in
terms of cell viability and antioxidant effect. These results might provide information
regarding development of ginseng dairy products with enhanced antioxidant activities and
probiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ji Jang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jieun Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Yu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Na-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Albuquerque BR, Prieto M, Vazquez J, Barreiro MF, Barros L, Ferreira IC. Recovery of bioactive compounds from Arbutus unedo L. fruits: Comparative optimization study of maceration/microwave/ultrasound extraction techniques. Food Res Int 2018; 109:455-471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Shivakumar A, Yogendra Kumar MS. Critical Review on the Analytical Mechanistic Steps in the Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 48:214-236. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1400423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. S. Yogendra Kumar
- Defence Bio-Engineering and Electromedical Laboratory, Defense Research and Development Organization, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants from a surplus tomato crop by response surface methodology. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Prieto MA, Prieto I, Vázquez JA, Ferreira ICFR. An environmental management industrial solution for the treatment and reuse of mussel wastewaters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 538:117-128. [PMID: 26298254 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the North-West of Spain, the annual production of mussel is 2×10(6)t (35% of the world). The industrial thermal treatment of mussels generates between 300 and 400L/t wastewaters that are continuously disposed into the sea without previous treatment and or further reuse. These effluents, relatively rich in organic matter (7g glycogen/L and 25g COD/L), contribute to the progressive deterioration of the marine ecosystem. We wish to suggest a biotechnological process, based on a laboratory optimization and industrial pre-scale trials, to transform these industrial effluents into a growth culture medium to produce microbial biomass. Furthermore, this biomass is isolated and treated by different optimized separation and purification processes to produce several bioproducts: 1) single cell protein; 2) cell wall material with a high content in glucans and glycoproteins 3) fractions of 1,3-β-glucans and mannoproteins from yeast cell walls hydrolysis; and 4) a potential antioxidant extract. Finally, the authors propose a scaled process for its industrial application. In consequence, we believe that this work provides an environmentally friendly, eco-designed and profitable solution that allows integrating the mussel industry into the ecosystem in a sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - I Prieto
- Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - J A Vázquez
- Grupo de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), Vigo 36208, Spain
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal
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Prieto M, Vázquez J, Murado M. A new mathematical model to quantify and characterize the response to pro- and anti-oxidants of the copper-induced oxidation of LDL assay. A tool for examination of potential preventive compounds and clinical risk prediction. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Mathematical modeling of area under the curve assessment criteria to quantify the antioxidant and pro-oxidant capacity: Coffee extracts as a case study. Food Res Int 2014; 64:962-975. [PMID: 30011740 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of a convenient mathematical application for testing the antioxidant and pro-oxidant capacity is essential in order to investigate potential sources of new agents and processes. In this regard, authors use the standardized values of the area under the curve of a kinetic profile of a dose-response agent, as a way to bypass the complex process of analyzing the kinetic variations of agents. In general, linear approaches are used, but such patterns frequently lead to unreliable results and misinterpretations, making it extremely difficult to compare the results from different assays. In this work, we have demonstrated the non-linearity of the dose-response area under the curve assessment criteria by means of simulations. A simple non-linear dose-response model was developed to describe the accurate response. As a case study, experimental data of extracts of unroasted coffee beans from five different country-climate locations for the two most common coffee varieties (Robusta and Arabica) were obtained using the β-carotene and crocin bleaching in vitro assays. Their antioxidant capacity was analyzed in detail and compared with commercial standards. The results show that the antioxidant capacity was greater than some of the commercial standards in terms of its maximum capacity, while when the analyses are based on rate parameters, the coffee extracts show between 6 and 40 times lower values than the standard antioxidants. In addition, to illustrate the advantages of using the standardized area units and the mathematical model developed, other more complex scenarios were recreated. We believe that the model application developed provides a simple alternative to summarize meaningful parameters that characterize the response, facilitates rigorous comparisons among the effects of different compounds and experimental approaches and helps to comprehend multi-variable scenarios.
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Key Words
- (2R)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)]-6-chromanol (CID 14985)
- (5R)-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one (CID 54670067)
- 2,2′-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (CID 76344)
- 6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (CID 3293)
- 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (CID 40634)
- Antioxidant and pro-oxidant capacity
- Area under the curve
- Crocin (CID 5281233)
- Linoleic acid (CID 5280450)
- Mathematical modeling
- Unroasted coffee beans
- butyl-hydroxyanisole (CID 24667)
- butyl-hydroxytoluene (CID 15570435)
- propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (CID 4947)
- β-Carotene (CID 5280489)
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A time-dose model to quantify the antioxidant responses of the oxidative hemolysis inhibition assay (OxHLIA) and its extension to evaluate other hemolytic effectors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:632971. [PMID: 25243169 PMCID: PMC4160643 DOI: 10.1155/2014/632971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of a convenient mathematical application for testing the antioxidant potential of standard and novel therapeutic agents is essential for the research community to perform evaluations in a more precise form. The in vitro oxidative hemolysis inhibition assay, despite its relevance for in vivo responses, lacks a proper mathematical model to quantify the responses. In this work, a simple nonlinear time-dose tool to test the effectiveness of antioxidant compounds is presented. The model was verified with available experimental data from the bibliography. The model helps to describe accurately the antioxidant response as a function of time and dose allowing comparisons between compounds. Its advantages are a simple application, provision of parametric estimates that characterize the response, simplification of the protocol, economization of experimental effort, and facilitation of rigorous comparisons among the effects of different compounds and experimental approaches. Finally, other effectors that may obstruct or be of interest for the antioxidant determination are also modeled in similar principles. Thus, the basis of more complex multivariable models is provided. In all experimental data fitted, the calculated parameters were always statistically significant, the equations prove to be consistent, and the correlation coefficient of determination was in all cases higher than 0.98.
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Prieto M, Vázquez J. In vitro determination of the lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity of unroasted coffee bean extracts and their synergistic and antagonistic effects. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Quantification, characterization and description of synergy and antagonism in the antioxidant response. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Prieto M, Murado M, Vázquez J, Curran TP. Analytical criteria to quantify and compare the antioxidant and pro-oxidant capacity in competition assays: The bell protection function. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Oversimplification and overstandardization in biological methods: sperm bioassays in ecotoxicology as a case of study and a proposal for their reformulation. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:936202. [PMID: 24672396 PMCID: PMC3933505 DOI: 10.1155/2014/936202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An interesting toxicological bioassay (fertilization inhibition in sea urchin) uses as assessment criterion a variable (fertilization ratio) whose variation with time creates two types of difficulties. First, it fails to distinguish between the toxic effect and the spontaneous decline in the sperm activity, causing some inconsistencies. Second, the sensitivity of the fertilization ratio to many other variables of the system requires a complex standardization, constraining the achievement of the method without solving its main problem. Our proposal consists of using a parameter (sperm half-life) as the response of the assay, and describing explicitly the behavior of the system as a simultaneous function of dose and time. This new focus is able to solve the problematic character of the results based on the fertilization ratio and by using the same data set which is required by the conventional approach; it simplifies the protocol, economizes experimental effort, provides unambiguous and robust results, and contributes to the detection of an artefactual temperature effect, which is not very evident under the usual perspective. Potential application of this new approach to the improvement of other formally similar bioassays is finally suggested.
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