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A comparative study of fermented buffalo and camel milk with anti-inflammatory, ACE-inhibitory and anti-diabetic properties and release of bio active peptides with molecular interactions: In vitro, in silico and molecular study. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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2
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Biologically Synthesized Peptides Show Remarkable Inhibition Activity against Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme: A Promising Approach for Peptide Development against Autoimmune Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2396192. [PMID: 35769673 PMCID: PMC9236789 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2396192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) regulates several biological functions besides its vital role in immune functions. ACE is elevated in immune cells in inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, granuloma, chronic kidney disease, and also autoimmune diseases, like multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and type I diabetes. No significant information prevails in the literature regarding the isolation, identification, and profiling of potential ACE inhibitory peptides. In the present study, indigenous crop varieties like seeds (peanut, corn, oat, sunflower, chickpea, parsley, cottonseed, papaya, sesame, and flaxseed) were used to evaluate their ACE inhibition activity. Variables including hydrolysis time, enzyme-to-substrate ratio (E/S), pH, and temperature were standardized to acquire the most suitable and optimum ACE inhibition activity. Seeds of cotton, chickpea, and peanuts displayed remarkably maximum ACE inhibition activity than other plants. The study disclosed that maximum ACE inhibitory activity (86%) was evaluated from cottonseed at pH 8.0, temperature of 45°C, hydrolysis time of 2 hrs, and enzyme to the substrate (E/S) ratio of 1 : 5 followed by peanuts (76%) and chickpea (55%). SDS-PAGE confirmed that vicilin protein is present in cottonseed and peanut seed while cruciferin and napin proteins are present in chickpeas. LC-MS/MS analysis disclosed potential novel peptides in hydrolyzed cottonseed that can be ascribed as potential ACE inhibitors which have never been reported and studied earlier. The current study further showed that cottonseed peptides due to their promising ACE inhibitory activity can be a valuable source in the field of ACE inhibitor development.
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Characterization of Yeasts Isolated from Parmigiano Reggiano Cheese Natural Whey Starter: From Spoilage Agents to Potential Cell Factories for Whey Valorization. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112288. [PMID: 34835414 PMCID: PMC8623691 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whey is the main byproduct of the dairy industry and contains sugars (lactose) and proteins (especially serum proteins and, at lesser extent, residual caseins), which can be valorized by the fermentative action of yeasts. In the present study, we characterized the spoilage yeast population inhabiting natural whey starter (NWS), the undefined starter culture of thermophilic lactic acid bacteria used in Parmigiano Reggiano (PR) cheesemaking, and evaluated thermotolerance, mating type, and the aptitude to produce ethanol and bioactive peptides from whey lactose and proteins, respectively, in a selected pool of strains. PCR-RFLP assay of ribosomal ITS regions and phylogenetic analysis of 26S rDNA D1/D2 domains showed that PR NWS yeast population consists of the well-documented Kluyveromyces marxianus, as well as of other species (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Wickerhamiella pararugosa, and Torulaspora delbrueckii), with multiple biotypes scored within each species as demonstrated by (GTG)5-based MSP-PCR. Haploid and diploid K. marxianus strains were identified through MAT genotyping, while thermotolerance assay allowed the selection of strains suitable to grow up to 48 °C. In whey fermentation trials, one thermotolerant strain was suitable to release ethanol with a fermentation efficiency of 86.5%, while another candidate was able to produce the highest amounts of both ethanol and bioactive peptides with potentially anti-hypertensive function. The present work demonstrated that PR NWS is a reservoir of ethanol and bioactive peptides producer yeasts, which can be exploited to valorize whey, in agreement with the principles of circularity and sustainability.
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Reboleira J, Silva S, Chatzifragkou A, Niranjan K, Lemos MF. Seaweed fermentation within the fields of food and natural products. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mujtaba N, Jahan N, Sultana B, Zia MA. Isolation and characterization of antihypertensive peptides from soy bean protein. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000419061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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6
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Shivanna SK, Nataraj BH. Revisiting therapeutic and toxicological fingerprints of milk-derived bioactive peptides: An overview. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Manfredini PG, Cavanhi VAF, Costa JAV, Colla LM. Bioactive peptides and proteases: characteristics, applications and the simultaneous production in solid-state fermentation. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1849151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gouvêa Manfredini
- Graduation Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciane Maria Colla
- Graduation Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Brazil
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Purification and Production of Novel Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Bioactive Peptides Derived from Fermented Goat Milk. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Fan M, Guo T, Li W, Chen J, Li F, Wang C, Shi Y, Li DXA, Zhang S. Isolation and identification of novel casein-derived bioactive peptides and potential functions in fermented casein with Lactobacillus helveticus. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Daliri EBM, Ofosu FK, Chelliah R, Park MH, Kim JH, Oh DH. Development of a Soy Protein Hydrolysate with an Antihypertensive Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061496. [PMID: 30934634 PMCID: PMC6470933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we combined enzymatic hydrolysis and lactic acid fermentation to generate an antihypertensive product. Soybean protein isolates were first hydrolyzed by Prozyme and subsequently fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus EBD1. After fermentation, the in vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of the product (P-SPI) increased from 60.8 ± 2.0% to 88.24 ± 3.2%, while captopril (a positive control) had an inhibitory activity of 94.20 ± 5.4%. Mass spectrometry revealed the presence of three potent and abundant ACE inhibitory peptides, PPNNNPASPSFSSSS, GPKALPII, and IIRCTGC in P-SPI. Hydrolyzing P-SPI with gastrointestinal proteases did not significantly affect its ACE inhibitory ability. Also, oral administration of P-SPI (200 mg/kg body weight) to spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) for 6 weeks significantly lowered systolic blood pressure (-19 ± 4 mm Hg, p < 0.05) and controlled body weight gain relative to control SHRs that were fed with physiological saline. Overall, P-SPI could be used as an antihypertensive functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
| | - Fred Kwame Ofosu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
| | - Mi Houn Park
- Erom Company Limited, R&D Center, 111, Toegye Nonggong-ro, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24427, Korea.
| | - Jong-Hak Kim
- Erom Company Limited, R&D Center, 111, Toegye Nonggong-ro, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24427, Korea.
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
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11
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Zhuang K, Jiang Y, Li M, Li H, Feng X, Qu X, Man C. Expression of milk-derived angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibitory peptides in Lactococcus lactis. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2019.1571420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kejin Zhuang
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongfu Li
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohan Feng
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xingguang Qu
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoxin Man
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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12
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Rai AK, Pandey A, Sahoo D. Biotechnological potential of yeasts in functional food industry. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Zhu B, He H, Hou T. A Comprehensive Review of Corn Protein-derived Bioactive Peptides: Production, Characterization, Bioactivities, and Transport Pathways. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:329-345. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biyang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan 430070 China
- Key Lab of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural Univ.); Ministry of Education; Wuhan 43000 China
| | - Hui He
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan 430070 China
- Key Lab of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural Univ.); Ministry of Education; Wuhan 43000 China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan 430070 China
- Key Lab of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural Univ.); Ministry of Education; Wuhan 43000 China
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Abstract
The remarkable growth of therapeutic peptide development in the past decade has led to a large number of market approvals and the market value is expected to hit $25 billion by 2018. This significant market increase is driven by the increasing incidences of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and technological advancements in peptide synthesis. For this reason, the search for bioactive peptides has also increased exponentially. Many bioactive peptides from food and nonfood sources have shown positive health effects yet, obstacles such as the need to implement efficient and cost-effective strategies for industrial scale production, good manufacturing practices as well as well-designed clinical trials to provide robust evidence for supporting health claims continue to exist. Several other factors such as the possibility of allergenicity, toxicity and the stability of biological functions of the peptides during gastrointestinal digestion would need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- a Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , South Korea
| | - Byong H Lee
- a Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , South Korea.,b Department of Microbiology/Immunology , McGill University , Montreal , QC , H3A 2B4 , Canada
| | - Deog H Oh
- a Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , South Korea
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15
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In Vitro and In Silico Analysis of Novel ACE-Inhibitory Bioactive Peptides Derived from Fermented Goat Milk. Int J Pept Res Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-017-9630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Ahtesh FB, Apostolopoulos V, Stojanovska L, Shah NP, Mishra VK. Effects of fermented skim milk drink by Kluyveromyces marxianus
LAF4 co-cultured with lactic acid bacteria to release angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activities. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatah B Ahtesh
- Center for Chronic Disease; College of Health and Biomedicine; Victoria University; Werribee Campus P.O. Box 14428 Melbourne Vic. 8001 Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Center for Chronic Disease; College of Health and Biomedicine; Victoria University; Werribee Campus P.O. Box 14428 Melbourne Vic. 8001 Australia
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Center for Chronic Disease; College of Health and Biomedicine; Victoria University; Werribee Campus P.O. Box 14428 Melbourne Vic. 8001 Australia
| | - Nagendra P Shah
- Food and Nutritional Science; School of Biological Sciences 6N08; Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building; The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Vijay Kumar Mishra
- Center for Chronic Disease; College of Health and Biomedicine; Victoria University; Werribee Campus P.O. Box 14428 Melbourne Vic. 8001 Australia
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Ahtesh F, Stojanovska L, Shah N, Mishra VK. Effect of Flavourzyme®on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides Formed in Skim Milk and Whey Protein Concentrate during Fermentation byLactobacillus helveticus. J Food Sci 2015; 81:M135-43. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatah Ahtesh
- College of Health and Biomedicine; Center for Chronic Disease, Victoria Univ; Werribee Campus, P.O. Box 14428 Melbourne VIC 8001 Australia
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- College of Health and Biomedicine; Center for Chronic Disease, Victoria Univ; Werribee Campus, P.O. Box 14428 Melbourne VIC 8001 Australia
| | - Nagendra Shah
- Food and Nutritional Science; School of Biological Sciences, Hong Kong Univ; Hong Kong
| | - Vijay Kumar Mishra
- Inst. of Sustainability and Innovation; Victoria Univ; Werribee Campus, P.O. Box 14428 Melbourne VIC 8001 Australia
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Li Y, Sadiq FA, Liu T, Chen J, He G. Purification and identification of novel peptides with inhibitory effect against angiotensin I-converting enzyme and optimization of process conditions in milk fermented with the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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19
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In vivo antihypertensive mechanism of lactoferrin-derived peptides: Reversion of angiotensin I- and angiotensin II-induced hypertension in Wistar rats. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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20
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García-Tejedor A, Sánchez-Rivera L, Recio I, Salom JB, Manzanares P. Dairy Debaryomyces hansenii strains produce the antihypertensive casein-derived peptides LHLPLP and HLPLP. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotimi E. Aluko
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2;
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Manzanares P, Salom JB, García-Tejedor A, Fernández-Musoles R, Ruiz-Giménez P, Gimeno-Alcañíz JV. Unraveling the mechanisms of action of lactoferrin-derived antihypertensive peptides: ACE inhibition and beyond. Food Funct 2015; 6:2440-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00580a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of lactoferrin-derived antihypertensive peptides shows that they might act on several molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Manzanares
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATA-CSIC)
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
| | - Juan B. Salom
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe
- 46026 Valencia
- Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología
| | - Aurora García-Tejedor
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATA-CSIC)
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
| | - Ricardo Fernández-Musoles
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATA-CSIC)
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
| | - Pedro Ruiz-Giménez
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATA-CSIC)
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
| | - José V. Gimeno-Alcañíz
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATA-CSIC)
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
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Saadi S, Saari N, Anwar F, Abdul Hamid A, Ghazali HM. Recent advances in food biopeptides: Production, biological functionalities and therapeutic applications. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:80-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Padilla B, Belloch C, López-Díez JJ, Flores M, Manzanares P. Potential impact of dairy yeasts on the typical flavour of traditional ewes' and goats' cheeses. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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García-Tejedor A, Sánchez-Rivera L, Castelló-Ruiz M, Recio I, Salom JB, Manzanares P. Novel antihypertensive lactoferrin-derived peptides produced by Kluyveromyces marxianus: gastrointestinal stability profile and in vivo angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1609-1616. [PMID: 24476136 DOI: 10.1021/jf4053868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel antihypertensive peptides released by Kluyveromyces marxianus from bovine lactoferrin (LF) have been identified. K. marxianus LF permeate was fractionated by semipreparative high performance liquid chromatography and 35 peptides contained in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory fractions were identified by using an ion trap mass spectrometer. On the basis of peptide abundance and common structural features, six peptides were chemically synthesized. Four of them (DPYKLRP, PYKLRP, YKLRP, and GILRP) exerted in vitro inhibitory effects on ACE activity and effectively decreased systolic blood pressure after oral administration to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Stability against gastrointestinal enzymes suggested that the sequence LRP could contribute to the in vivo effects of parental peptides. Finally, there were reductions in circulating ACE activity and angiotensin II level in SHRs after either DPYKLRP or LRP intake, thus confirming ACE inhibition as the in vivo mechanism for their antihypertensive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora García-Tejedor
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATA-CSIC), Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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